Deck 26: East and West in the Grip of the Cold War

Question 1

Was the Cuban Missile Crisis a turning point in the Cold War? Why or why not?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

What role did the personalities, philosophies, and ambitions of individual political leaders play in the Cold War? Give specific examples.

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Did the fear of nuclear annihilation and the incredible cost of the United States' military buildup of the 1980s help to make the Cold War too ghastly to contemplate and, simultaneously, too expensive for either side to continue? Give evidence in support of your answer.

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Nonaligned Movement

Question 5

Was Afghanistan the Soviet Union's "Vietnam"? Why and/or why not?

Question 6

To what degree was the escalating U.S.-Soviet tension in Europe the result of excessively defensive fears in the minds of Truman and Stalin? Why? What other factors were also involved in the moves of the "superpowers" and their allies and clients?

Question 7

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Yalta Conference

Question 8

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Marshall Plan

Question 9

What role did Germany in general and Berlin in particular play in the evolution of the Cold War? Include in the discussion historical, ideological, and geographical factors.

Question 10

Why did the Grand Alliance, and the Yalta System it spawned, come apart so quickly after the Japanese surrender? Could it have succeeded, or at least lasted longer, if Roosevelt had lived? Why or why not?

Question 11

Was the Cold War inevitable? Why and or why not?

Question 12

Was Churchill's phrase, "the Iron Curtain," an accurate reflection of the actual state of relations between East and West in 1946? Why and/or why not? Did Churchill's words contribute to the polarization of East and West?

Question 13

In assessing the end of the Cold War, who contributed the most to the fall of the Soviet Union, Ronald Reagan or Mikhail Gorbachev, and how?

Question 14

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
containment

Question 15

What were the factors which led to the success of the Marshall Plan? Could such massive economic aid work equally well in other places and at other times? Why or why not?

Question 16

What were the factors which led to the Chinese communist victory over the Nationalists? Was Mao Zedong's triumph over Chiang inevitable? Why or why not?

Question 17

How significant were the Polish and Hungarian independence movements during the course of the Cold War? What does the Russian response to these movements tell us about the limits of Russian power during this period?

Question 18

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Truman Doctrine

Question 19

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain"

Question 20

Describe and evaluate China's relations with both Russia and the U.S. during the Cold War. To what extent did the personalities of the leaders of these countries play a role in determining international politics during this era?

Question 21

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"soft on communism"

Question 22

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Republic of Vietnam and Democratic Republic of Vietnam

Question 23

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Chiang Kai-shek

Question 24

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Chinese Civil War

Question 25

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
perestroika

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Warsaw Pact

Question 27

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
denazification

Question 28

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
People's Liberation Army (PLA) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

Question 29

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
North Atlantic Treaty Organization/NATO

Question 30

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Indochina conflict(s)

Question 31

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Geneva Conference, 1954

Question 32

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mao Zedong

Question 33

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
17^th parallel

Question 34

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Taiwan

Question 35

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Korean War

Question 36

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh Front

Question 37

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Berlin Blockade and the Berlin Airlift

Question 38

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and German Democratic Republic (GDR)

Question 39

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
38^th parallel

Question 40

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Douglas MacArthur

Question 41

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Viet Cong

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Third World

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
peaceful coexistence

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
ABM Treaty/SALT I

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Khrushchev and "different roads to socialism"

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
1968 Tet offensive

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
cultural exchange program

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
ICBMs

Question 49

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
1968 Prague Spring

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
John Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 51

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
1975 Helsinki Accords

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Fidel Castro and the "Bay of Pigs"

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"equivalence"

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Lyndon Johnson and the Vietnam War

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
détente

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Brezhnev Doctrine

Question 57

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Afghanistan

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Berlin Wall

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Richard Nixon's visit to China

Question 60

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
1956 uprisings in Poland and Hungary

Question 61

When the Soviet Union implemented a blockade of West Berlin, preventing all traffic from entering the city's western areas,

A) U.S. planes flew in food and other needed supplies.
B) the Western powers planned direct military action.
C) Western tanks rolled into the city in an attempt to drive the Soviets out.
D) the United States issued an ultimatum to the Soviet Union.
E) thousands of West Berliners faced starvation and many of them died.

Question 62

At the Yalta Conference in February 1945,

A) the peace treaty ending World War II was signed.
B) the Soviet Union reminded the world of its commitment to communism.
C) the United Nations was created.
D) Truman issued his Truman Doctrine.
E) leaders of the U.S., Soviet Union, and Britain affirmed their desire to maintain the cooperative relationship they began during World War II.

Question 63

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Vietnam syndrome

Question 64

What foreign policy strategy did George Kennan advocate in a 1947 Foreign Affairs article?

A) Passive aggression
B) Synergetic harmonization
C) Containment
D) Empiricism
E) Isolationism

Question 65

The ____ stated that the United States would provide aid for any nation that was being threatened by communist subversion.

A) Yalta system
B) Truman Doctrine
C) Marshall Plan
D) Nonalignment Movement
E) Helsinki Accords

Question 66

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Strategic Defense Initiative/"Star Wars"

Question 67

Which eastern European nation defied Stalin's attempt to control it after the World War II?

A) Vichy under Petain
B) Finland under Ulbricht
C) Poland under Yaruzelski
D) Yugoslavia under Tito
E) Germany under Petain

Question 68

The treaty of 1949 between the United States, Canada, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Britain, the Netherlands, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, and Iceland created the military alliance known as

A) the Warsaw Pact.
B) NATO.
C) COMECON.
D) SEATO.
E) CENTO.

Question 69

Between the mid-1930s and the end of World War II,

A) Chiang Kai-shek finally obtained a firm grip on all but northwest China, and implemented a "crash program" of modernization, which won peasant support.
B) the Chinese Communists steadily increased their power so that by 1945 up to thirty million people were under their control.
C) Japan made peace with Chiang in 1940, joining him in a war against Mao's Communists.
D) Mao Zedong married Chiang's daughter, which reunited China until the late 1950s.
E) the Chinese Communist party changed its focus from organizing peasants to winning over the middle class city dwellers and the large bankers in Shanghai.

Question 70

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Ronald Reagan and the "evil empire"

Question 71

Events causing Stalin to become uneasy about United States intentions between 1945 and 1950 included

A) the provision of American economic and military aid to the Ukraine.
B) the stationing of United States ground forces in Finland and Iraq.
C) plans to merge the American, British and French occupation zones in Germany into a West German republic.
D) the ban on Soviet participation in the European Recovery Program.
E) the American threat to use atomic weapons the Middle East.

Question 72

Churchill's March, 1946, speech stated that

A) British troops had preemptively seized the Iranian oil fields.
B) Britain was on the verge of financial collapse.
C) an "iron curtain" had "descended across the Continent."
D) Mao Zedong could not be trusted to keep the peace.
E) war with the Soviet Union would take place shortly.

Question 73

Soviet reactions to the Marshall Plan included

A) military occupation of Finland and Denmark.
B) direct participation in its aid benefits.
C) the creation of a program of competitive financial aid to East Asia.
D) the view that the plan was an effort by the United States at imperialist domination of Europe.
E) a new policy of international cooperation.

Question 74

Before mid-1948, the United States had

A) broken with its foreign policy traditions by pledging large amounts of economic aid to assist nations threatened by Fascism.
B) sent over 200,000 soldiers to Vietnam and Malaya to back French and British troops against Communist movements.
C) sent General George C. Marshall to China to negotiate a coalition government and thwart communism there.
D) withdrawn completely from any involvement in Europe's affairs.
E) announced that it had destroyed all of its nuclear weapons.

Question 75

The European Recovery Program was better known as the

A) Five Point Program.
B) Stillman Plan.
C) Acheson Plan.
D) European Community.
E) Marshall Plan.

Question 76

At the outset of the Chinese civil war, what was Josef Stalin's reaction?

A) He trusted and admired the independent-minded communist leader Mao Zedong.
B) He did not expect a communist victory.
C) He sent troops to aid the communist faction.
D) He supported Chiang Kai-shek.
E) He agreed to bomb Chinese border towns.

Question 77

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Contras

Question 78

In reviewing the origins of the Cold War, the text

A) remarked on the unusual nature of intense competition between two societies so heavily influenced by Western civilization.
B) supports the view of many revisionist historians that United States policies drove Stalin to adopt a hostile view of the West.
C) states that both nations were working within a framework conditioned by the past, from their different historical perspective and their irreconcilable political ambitions.
D) proposes the Cold War actually originated in East Asia.
E) blames the British Labour government for manipulating America into an anti-Soviet policy.

Question 79

Soviet actions to counter the formation of NATO included

A) the secret treaty with France, made in 1949 and publicized only in 1959, to share military alliance information in times of international stress caused by America.
B) the creation of the Warsaw Pact, which created a trade zone in eastern Europe.
C) the creation of the German Federal Republic in 1949.
D) the development of the Warsaw Pact as a military balance to NATO.
E) a treaty with Turkey and Greece guaranteeing their boundaries against attacks by Yugoslavia.

Question 80

Josip Tito

A) had attended Peking University with Mao Zedong.
B) devised a decentralized variety of Communism, different from "Stalinism."
C) was defeated in his attempt to become Prime Minister of Yugoslavia as the result of American campaigning against socialist or communist leaders.
D) was part of the government-in-exile during the war.
E) was an ally of Joseph Stalin in the latter's attempt to crush the Serbs.