Deck 8: The Eastern Mediterranean

Question 1

One of the triumphs of Justinian's rule was the construction of what?

A) The Hippodrome
B) The Porphyrian Palace
C) The city bazaars
D) Hagia Sophia
E) The Golden Horn

Answer 1

Hagia Sophia

Question 2

What publication did Justinian commissioned early in his reign?

A) The Vulgate
B) The Nicene Creed
C) The Body of Civil Law
D) The Byzantine Constitution
E) The Quran

Answer 2

The Body of Civil Law

Question 3

Justinian and Theodora required their visitors ______________.

A) to exemplify good Christian values
B) to speak in whispers only
C) to prostrate themselves before them
D) to attend Mass before meeting them
E) to bring them food when they arrived

Answer 3

to prostrate themselves before them

Question 4

Contracts were increasingly used to settle issues of ______________.

A) trading
B) family property
C) marriage
D) inheritance
E) All of these

Question 5

What is the cube-shaped shrine sacred to Islam called?

A) Kaaba
B) Mecca
C) Caliph
D) Quran
E) Hejira

Question 6

How did Justinian keep the Slavs from attacking while he was concentrating on reunifying the Western Empire?

A) He allied with them to attack the Persians instead.
B) He paid them protection money.
C) He built expensive fortifications on the border.
D) He promised them free holdings on the Black Sea.
E) He demanded their cooperation as a Christian nation.

Question 7

Which women could circulate freely and without veils during Justinian's time?

A) Actresses
B) Prostitutes
C) Slaves
D) Tavern keepers
E) All of these.

Question 8

What right did Justinian have that none of the barbarian kings of the West had?

A) To have people prostrate themselves before him
B) To wear the royal purple
C) To convene and preside over a church council
D) To have mass celebrated for him on his birthday
E) To celebrate mass

Question 9

Theodora convinced Justinian to stay in Constantinople when what occurred?

A) The city was under attack from the Slavs.
B) A terrible plague hit the city.
C) The Blues and Greens started the Nika riots.
D) Procopius conspired to assassinate the royal family.
E) A rebellion among Monophysites spread through Constantinople.

Question 10

The emperor's heightened authority in the church allowed him to participate in which part of church ceremonies that excluded the laity?

A) He was able to perform the Eucharist.
B) He was permitted to preach in church.
C) He was supreme in authority to the Patriarch.
D) He was not considered part of the laity.
E) He was able to rule on issues of canon law.

Question 11

Arabian peoples relied on food sources from ______________.

A) grapes and olives
B) grain and fish
C) goats and date palms
D) trading spices for food
E) sheep and flax

Question 12

The first place that Justinian successfully conquered in his attempt to rebuild the empire was ______________.

A) Crimea
B) North Africa
C) Italy
D) the Balkans
E) Jerusalem

Question 13

What was the name of Justinian's most famous general?

A) Cyril
B) Seljuk
C) Methodius
D) Constans
E) Belisarius

Question 14

What did the legal concept of patria potestas mean?

A) The male head of the household was the legal head of the household.
B) Women had equal rights within the household.
C) A free man could not be property because he could own property.
D) To form contracts and marriage alliances
E) Servants and slaves were under the authority of the woman of the house.

Question 15

In the mid-sixth century, much of the Byzantine Empire's population died from ______________.

A) an attack by Persians
B) an earthquake
C) the bubonic plague
D) starvation
E) the collapse of Hagia Sophia

Question 16

Who conquered Italy after Justinian's death?

A) Ostrogoths
B) Vandals
C) Lombards
D) Dacians
E) Seljuks

Question 17

In enforcing his religious authority, Justinian forbade the study of what?

A) Arianism
B) The Old Testament
C) Pre-Christian philosophy
D) Socratic rhetoric
E) Roman historical treatises

Question 18

Heraclius used all of the following ways to fortify his borders except ______________.

A) he confiscated church furnishings to pay his military
B) he overhauled the tax system to increase revenues
C) he bribed the Avars to ceasefire in order to push back the Persians
D) he charged a fee to see the relic of the True Cross
E) he inflicted a humiliating defeat on the Persians

Question 19

In the seventh century, the Byzantine Empire lost territory to all of the following invading forces except the ______________.

A) Persians
B) Slavs
C) Turks
D) Avars
E) The Byzantine Empire lost territory to all of these.

Question 20

The Arabian Peninsula was most useful for ______________.

A) cities and ports
B) agriculture
C) mining
D) trade caravans
E) a stop-off between Africa and India

Question 21

Which is not among the Five Pillars of Islam?

A) Prayer
B) Fasting
C) Pilgrimage
D) Charity
E) Jihad

Question 22

For women in Muslim society, the veil represented ______________.

A) submission to the will of God
B) safety and protection from infidels
C) sobriety, modesty, and virtue
D) that she was owned by a husband
E) her unmarried status

Question 23

Where was the capital of Islam moved after Ali's death?

A) Mecca
B) Medina
C) Damascus
D) Jerusalem
E) Baghdad

Question 24

A worthy life in the Muslim faith is obtained through ______________.

A) submission to the will of God
B) adherence to the Five Pillars
C) rejecting all other faiths
D) following the Ten Commandments
E) being a good person

Question 25

Tariq ibn Zayid was responsible for the incorporation of which territory into the Ummayad caliphate?

A) North Africa
B) Spain
C) Gaul
D) Syria
E) Egypt

Question 26

What is the only action necessary to convert to Islam?

A) Reciting "admission" three times in the presence of qualified witnesses
B) Fasting during Ramadan
C) Making a profession of faith at the Kaaba
D) Being baptized
E) Declaring an oath of worship in a mosque

Question 27

Similarities between both Muslim and Jewish populations include all of the following except ______________.

A) circumcision
B) a ban on the consumption of pork
C) a ban on drinking alcohol
D) fear of idolatry
E) polygamy

Question 28

The primary language in Islamic intellectual pursuits was ______________.

A) Aramaic
B) Spanish
C) Latin
D) Arabic
E) Persian

Question 29

After 750, the Abbasid caliphate had its capital in ______________.

A) Damascus
B) Antioch
C) Baghdad
D) Cordoba
E) Toledo

Question 30

A significant factor that helped create a sense of unity within the Muslim world was ______________.

A) the emphasis on business and trade for the economy
B) the universality of the Arabic language
C) centralized rule under one leader
D) continuity of Roman law
E) adherence to Muslim codes of conduct

Question 31

Islamic intellectual development in math included all of the following except ______________.

A) the concept of a zero
B) calculus
C) algebra
D) non-Euclidian geometry
E) the system of Arabic numerals

Question 32

In the mid-seventh century, all of the following areas fell to the Muslim conquest except ______________.

A) Syria
B) Persia
C) Egypt
D) Constantinople
E) Palestine

Question 33

Which of the Five Pillars of Islam is Hajj?

A) Prayer
B) Fasting
C) Charity
D) Faith
E) Pilgrimage

Question 34

What were Muhammad's recitations called?

A) Visions
B) Sura
C) Quran
D) Zakat
E) Hadj

Question 35

Where was the battle which saw the defeat of the Muslims by the Franks in 732?

A) Gibraltar
B) Tours
C) Damascus
D) North Africa
E) Cordoba

Question 36

What is the most sacred month in the Muslim calendar?

A) Hajj
B) Hejira
C) Zakat
D) Ramadan
E) Kaaba

Question 37

Which policies had undermined Byzantine authority in the Near East and made Muslim rule preferable?

A) Mandatory enlistment in the military
B) High taxation and harsh treatment
C) Requiring all conquered territory to speak only Greek
D) Imposition of Christianity
E) Monopolies on trade contracts

Question 38

The first caliph was ______________.

A) Mohammad
B) Abu Bakr
C) Ali
D) Uthman
E) Umar

Question 39

The significant advantage that the Byzantines had over invaders was ______________.

A) the sheltered location of the city of Constantinople
B) a superior navy
C) composite bows carried by cavalry
D) Greek fire
E) massive walls

Question 40

Mohammad obtained control of which city by expelling the Jews who would not convert?

A) Medina
B) Mecca
C) Jerusalem
D) Jaffa
E) Tyre

Question 41

One of the shocking habits of the Rus to outsiders was ______________.

A) selling slaves
B) Paganism
C) cremating their dead in boats
D) women appearing in public without chaperones
E) All of these.

Question 42

What was the role of women following the birth of Islam?

Question 43

How did the adoption of Christianity affect the Rus?

Question 44

What was the purpose of bride shows?

A) To solicit a suitable wife for Emperor Constantine VI
B) To create political alliances with non-Islamic countries through marriage
C) To demonstrate the strength of Byzantine trade by showing luxurious bridal accessories
D) To create a pool of socially suitable women for marriage within the civil aristocracy
E) To stage massive marriage ceremonies and enhance the power of the patriarch

Question 45

What did Irene do to try and disqualify her son from ruling?

A) She kept him under house arrest his whole life.
B) She declared his divorce from Maria invalid.
C) She rallied the military to her side by marrying a powerful general.
D) She blinded him.
E) She had him kidnapped and sent to a monastery.

Question 46

What led to the expansion of Islamic thought and culture in the seventh and eighth centuries?

Question 47

In the struggle for power between Irene and Constantine VI, she received support from ______________.

A) iconoclasts
B) court eunuchs appointed to key government positions
C) her son's second wife, Theodote
D) the military aristocracy
E) None of these.

Question 48

Which language does the Cyrillic alphabet derive from?

A) Greek
B) Roman
C) Arabic
D) Sanskrit
E) Rus

Question 49

How did the Islamic Empire develop, and expand?

Question 50

Discuss the life of Muhammad.

Question 51

One major sign of Christianity's spread in Rus was ______________.

A) peasants wearing crosses instead of pendants to show social rank
B) arrangements of individual family homes instead of single homesteads
C) no further engagement in slave trading
D) burying the dead instead of cremating them
E) the Byzantine emperor issuing rules on church building

Question 52

Describe the factors that led to a decline in the middle Byzantine period?

Question 53

What contributed to the religious unity within the Byzantine Empire in the Middle Period?

A) Successful defeats of Muslims
B) High taxation on non-Orthodox religions
C) Military losses of Syria, Egypt, and Palestine removed dissenters.
D) The necessity of the Greek language instead of Latin
E) Building new, magnificent cathedrals in the Empire

Question 54

Compare and contrast Islam and Christianity.

Question 55

Describe the schism that led to the Shiite and Sunni sects?

Question 56

What was the biggest natural threat to stability in Justinian's empire? Why?

Question 57

The end of iconoclasm was overseen by which Byzantine ruler?

A) Leo III
B) Heraclius
C) Alexus Comnenus
D) Irene
E) Constans II

Question 58

Iconoclasm meant ______________.

A) a prohibition against false worship
B) an Islamic law forbidding artistic representations of the human form
C) a ruling that forbade the use of icons in religious settings
D) the reliance on icons, as argued by Monophysites, who emphasized the physical form
E) None of these.

Question 59

Discuss the impact of Justinian on the Byzantine empire.

Question 60

Between the sixth and eighth centuries, the primary means of a person's identity was rooted in what?

A) Language
B) Geographic location
C) Legal status
D) Religion
E) Occupation

Question 61

What changes occurred in the military during the Byzantine Middle Period?

Question 62

Women in the Muslim world had substantially better legal rights than in the Christian world.

Question 63

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Theodora

Question 64

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Bubonic plague

Question 65

After the seventh century, the main language in the Byzantine Empire was Greek.

Question 66

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
bazaar

Question 67

During the Nika Riot, Empress Theodora convinced Justinian to leave Constantinople.

Question 68

As Mohammad came to Medina in 622, the Muslim calendar marked its beginning.

Question 69

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Justinian

Question 70

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Five Pillars of Islam

Question 71

Muhammad's recitations were called sura.

Question 72

Discuss the conflicts religious icons presented in the Byzantine Empire.

Question 73

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Body of Civil Law

Question 74

The second Council of Nicaea in 787 forbade the use of icons in religious services.

Question 75

Emperor Heraclius never fully reclaimed lands lost to the Persians.

Question 76

At the Battle of Yarmuck in 632, Byzantine forces defeated Muslims and forced them out of Syria.

Question 77

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
ecclesiastic

Question 78

The Seljuk Turks moved in to attack the Byzantines and as a result the Byzantine Empire lost its core territory.

Question 79

The Cyrillic alphabet is the basis for Ukranian, Russian, and Bulgarian.

Question 80

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Mecca