Deck 22: The Triumph of the Nation-State

Question 1

What year did massive upheavals in Western Europe occur?

A) 1845
B) 1846
C) 1847
D) 1848
E) 1849

Answer 1

1848

Question 2

In trying to unify Germany, the Frankfurt Assembly saw the crown of unified Germany go to ______________.

A) the Prussian emperor
B) the Hungarian electorate
C) the Habsburg emperor
D) Otto von Bismarck
E) None of these.

Answer 2

None of these.

Question 3

Louis Philippe was forced to __________ in February 1848.

A) vacate
B) alleviate
C) renunciate
D) abdicate
E) abjuremark

Answer 3

abdicate

Question 4

What was the purpose of the Slavic Congress in 1848?

A) To negotiate the release of territories in the Russian Empire that wanted to be part of eastern Europe
B) To return Poland to the control of its own government instead of being a dependent state of Russia
C) To form the nation of Yugoslavia
D) To reserve the right to use Czech, Slovak, and Croation languages, while remaining part of the Habsburg Empire
E) To gain independence from the Habsburg Empire under a protectorate state of Russia

Question 5

To where did many of the leading revolutionaries of 1848 flee?

A) Venezuela
B) United States
C) Mexico
D) China
E) Finland

Question 6

How did liberalism guide the political upheavals of 1848?

A) It informed the demand for constitutions.
B) It informed the demand for fixed prices on bread.
C) It informed the desire of the working class to unite for mutual economic interests.
D) It was the motivating factor for economic guarantees of minimum wages.
E) It prompted conservative governments to suppress workers' rights.

Question 7

What was the main source of anger directed at Louis Philippe?

A) His repressive policies and censorship alienated the Chamber of Deputies.
B) There was a shortage of grain led to bread riots.
C) Most of the French population was excluded from the political process.
D) His policy of conscription for the army was targeted at the lower classes.
E) He placed the burden of taxation on the middle classes.

Question 8

French protests in the 1840s took the form of ______________.

A) marches
B) sit-ins
C) terrorist attacks
D) banquets
E) strikes

Question 9

Shortly after becoming the president of the French Republic in 1848, Louis Napoleon ______________.

A) revised the constitution for a true democracy with universal suffrage
B) nationalized all state-owned properties and industries
C) declared war on Italy
D) crowned himself Emperor Napoleon III of the Second Empire
E) died

Question 10

The Frankfurt Assembly gathered to ______________.

A) promote German unification
B) advocate for political rights for all
C) create a constituent assembly
D) write a constitution
E) do all of these

Question 11

To help Italy unify as a nation, Camille Cavour utilized the strategy of ______________.

A) rallying around the Catholic Church as the most common element within the Italian states
B) allying with France to help drive Austria out of the Italian states
C) supporting Mazzini as a patriot rather than harassing him as a radical
D) liberalist economic reforms to modernize the states of Italy and form an economic union
E) a constitutional monarchy based around the kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Question 12

Who was chancellor after the unification of Germany?

A) Clemens von Metternich
B) Kaiser Frederick William III
C) Otto von Bismarck
D) Johannes Herder
E) Benjamin Disraeli

Question 13

The leader of the Hungarian nationalist movement in 1848 was ______________.

A) Theodore Herzl
B) Louis Kossuth
C) Louis Blanc
D) Frantisek Palacky
E) Milos Karadjordje

Question 14

Which of the following was the most important political ideology in 1848?

A) Absolutism
B) Constitutionalism
C) Capitalism
D) Liberalism
E) Nationalism

Question 15

Where was the first uprising in this period?

A) Prussia
B) France
C) Denmark
D) Sicily
E) Austria

Question 16

To assist the poor and unemployed, what did the French government establish in 1848?

A) A welfare program
B) Poorhouses
C) Debt slavery
D) National workshops
E) Laws against homelessness

Question 17

The violent uprisings in Paris in 1848 were known as the ______________.

A) June Days
B) Second Revolution
C) Thermidorean reaction
D) Second Empire
E) Fronde

Question 18

The Compromise of 1867 granted ______________.

A) recognition of the Hungarian language for education and journalism purposes
B) local states within empires the right to use their own dialects
C) limited workers' organization rights
D) domestic autonomy in Hungary
E) limited rights for voting within the Habsburg protectorate states

Question 19

The 1848 revolutions in Veneto and Lombardy were in opposition to ______________.

A) French occupation in the northwest
B) exclusion from Cavour's liberalist government
C) Austrian presence in the north
D) suppression of anti-Catholic activities
E) suppression of the Red Shirts

Question 20

Since the 1830s, who was the main proponent for a unified Italy?

A) Pope Pius IX
B) Giuseppe Mazzini
C) Camille Cavour
D) King Victor Emmanuel of Genoa
E) The radical group known as the Carbonari

Question 21

Which was the Scandinavian country assigned to Sweden during the Congress of Vienna in 1815?

A) Denmark
B) Finland
C) Norway
D) Iceland
E) Greenland

Question 22

Britain's former Prime Minister William Gladstone wrote an overwrought account of the massacre of ______________.

A) Romanian Roma
B) Turkish Jews
C) Bulgarian Christians
D) Irish Catholics
E) Orthodox Greeks

Question 23

The compromise reached in the creation of Austria-Hungary included ______________.

A) dual monarchies
B) Hungary deferring to Austria for foreign policy and budget matters
C) limited use of Hungarian
D) education conducted in German
E) Hungarian representation in the German parliament

Question 24

Who wrote an article claiming the French army framed Alfred Dreyfus?

A) Roman Dmowski
B) Émile Zola
C) Theodor Herzel
D) Gustave Flaubert
E) Honoré de Balzac

Question 25

While literacy rates reached upwards of 90 percent by approximately 1913 in most places, what was the literacy rate in Russia?

A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 70 percent
E) 95 percent

Question 26

Bismarck sought to suppress which group in Germany?

A) Socialists
B) Trade unions
C) Federalists
D) Liberals
E) Zionists

Question 27

In the late nineteenth century educational reforms, new institutions of higher learning placed emphasis on which of the following?

A) Languages
B) National history
C) Ethnology
D) Science and mathematics
E) Political science

Question 28

In 1877, Russia gained a significant advantage over the Ottoman Empire in defense of ______________.

A) Bulgaria
B) Romania
C) Transylvania
D) Bosnia-Herzegovina
E) Serbia

Question 29

The first European nation to recognize workers' demands for unemployment and retirement was ______________.

A) France
B) Sweden
C) Germany
D) England
E) Italy

Question 30

The longest continuous democratic government in French history was the ______________.

A) First Republic
B) Second Republic
C) Third Republic
D) Fourth Republic
E) None of these.

Question 31

The Paris Commune was ______________.

A) the seizure of power by the socialist parties in the French Parlement
B) a siege state of war between occupying forces from Prussia and Parisian rebels
C) the successor to the provisional government elected by all adult males in 1871
D) the creation of a worker's state victorious in establishing the Third Republic
E) crushed after two months by the middle-class government, resulting in the slaughter of more than 20,000 working-class activists

Question 32

Which nation peacefully separated from Sweden in 1905?

A) Finland
B) Norway
C) Latvia
D) Poland
E) Denmark

Question 33

Roman Dmowski was the leader of ______________.

A) the Polish Socialist Party
B) the National Democratic Party
C) the Roma
D) the National Minority
E) the Liberal Party

Question 34

Among the demands of Germany's King William I to settle the Franco Prussian war, was the transfer of ______________.

A) Loire Valley
B) Alsace-Lorraine
C) Normandy
D) Nice
E) Marseilles

Question 35

Zionism was defined as ______________.

A) the idea that Jews were not an ethnicity but a nation that needed a geopolitical state
B) a movement for cultural assimilation of Jews into other nation-states
C) maintaining a separate cultural identification without compromising national identity
D) a synthesis of cultural and ethnic concepts, for example, the combination of the languages of Hebrew and German to form Yiddish
E) an official state program of anti-Semitism

Question 36

As part of nation building, many European nations extended voting rights. Which was the first country in Europe to extend suffrage to women?

A) Finland
B) Russia
C) Germany
D) France
E) Great Britain

Question 37

The Reichstag was ______________.

A) King William I's Palace in Berlin
B) the German Constitution
C) the German military forces
D) the Federal Parliament
E) the official monetary system in the newly unified Germany

Question 38

Kulturkampf was an attack on ______________.

A) Jews
B) Catholics
C) the wealthy
D) artists
E) Protestants

Question 39

In the late nineteenth century, the largest expense in each country's state budget was for ______________.

A) education
B) the military
C) railroads
D) pensions and unemployment insurance
E) trade tariffs

Question 40

Integral nationalism is distinguished by ______________.

A) nationalist agendas to justify racist restrictions
B) its liberal considerations for the populations of assimilated territories
C) the demand that minorities assimilate or leave
D) the need for imperial territories by Europe
E) All of these.

Question 41

Compare and contrast the independence movements of Hungary and Poland and their results..

Question 42

What role did technology play in nation building?

Question 43

In his opposition to nationalism, Pope Pius IX resorted to all of these measures except ______________.

A) refusal to recognize the state of Italy
B) publishing the Index of Forbidden Books
C) pushing for the doctrine of papal infallibility
D) issuing the Syllabus of Errors
E) opposing lay education

Question 44

What was the significance of the Paris Commune in the political uprisings of the nineteenth century?

Question 45

Why was the issue of nationalism more complicated in the Austria-Hungary than elsewhere in central Europe?

Question 46

Pope Leo XIII was notable for his compromises, including ______________.

A) reconciliation of faith with modern life for moderate Catholics
B) acceptance of socialism for its humanitarian goals
C) allowing priests to serve as political activists to keep workers from falling into states of sin
D) support of anti-Semitic pogroms in Russia
E) None of these.

Question 47

What was the reaction of Liberal Nationalism to the unification of Italy?

Question 48

The writer of Lay Down Your Arms! Was ______________.

A) Émile Zola
B) Alfred Nobel
C) Baroness Bertha von Suttner
D) Mikhail Bakunin
E) Theodore Herzl

Question 49

How did wars relate to concepts of unification and nationalism?

Question 50

The Slavic Congress in 1848 marked the official separation of Serbia from the Habsburg empire.

Question 51

The pacifist spirit that countered aggressive nationalism was best displayed by ______________.

A) the success of the Geneva Conventions
B) demonstrations against war and imperialism
C) promoting legislation for antiwar platforms in England
D) pressuring the overturning of the Dreyfus conviction
E) the formation of the Socialist Union

Question 52

The most significant of the Great Reforms in Russia was ______________.

A) open access to universities regardless of political affiliation
B) broad-scale religious toleration for all religions including Jews
C) the issuance of a constitution
D) liberation of the serfs
E) termination of conscription in the army

Question 53

Compare and contrast the beliefs and methods of anarchists and pacifists.

Question 54

What were the results of the revolutions of 1848 in each region involved?

Question 55

How did European anti-Semitism lead to Theodore Herzl's embrace of the Zionist movement?

Question 56

The increasing use of terrorism was a political action endorsed by ______________.

A) socialists
B) communists
C) anarchists
D) integral nationalists
E) imperialists

Question 57

What were the ideological underpinnings of the 1848 revolutions? Were any countries not affected?.

Question 58

For Theodore Herzl, the end to anti-Semitism would come when ______________.

A) all Jews put their cultural identification before their national identification
B) the nation-states of Europe passed legislation for complete religious freedom
C) Jews received their own country
D) the communist revolution was successful in overthrowing the apparatus of the state
E) the final conflict between Hegel's thesis and antithesis created a new synthesis without cultural bias

Question 59

Compare and contrast the processes of unification in Germany and Italy.

Question 60

Alfred Nobel became famous for ______________.

A) his discoveries of biological differentiation based on race
B) the development of chemical weapons
C) his endowment of awards for peace
D) writing the Treaty of Geneva conventions
E) assassinating Tsar Alexander II

Question 61

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
national workshops

Question 62

Socialist Revolutionaries in Russia were considered unusual because of their advocacy of mass democratic processes.

Question 63

Mass education in the nineteenth century was a contributing factor to the rising middle classes.

Question 64

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Louis (Lájos) Kossuth

Question 65

The French, led by Napoleon III, won the Franco-Prussian War.

Question 66

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Camille Cavour

Question 67

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Frankfurt Assembly

Question 68

Theodor Herzl was the founder of modern Zionism.

Question 69

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Frederick William IV

Question 70

The Compromise of 1867 gave Austria the right to dismiss the Hungarian parliament.

Question 71

The Second Socialist International was split on various types of nationalism affecting a unified socialist platform.

Question 72

Pope Leo XII was more liberal than Pope Pius IX, but still conservative in his Rerum Novarum .

Question 73

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Revolutions of 1848

Question 74

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Slavic Congress

Question 75

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Louis Blanc

Question 76

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Compromise of 1867

Question 77

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Francis Joseph

Question 78

Bismarck's Kulturkampf movement sought to persecute Catholics throughout the country.

Question 79

Russian was the primary language of instruction in Polish schools in the nineteenth century.

Question 80

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Napoleon III