Deck 13: Corrections

Question 1

Jails are typically populated with poorly educated and low-income people.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Almost one-half of the incarcerated population is comprised of women.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Jails are predominately filled with women.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Prior to the 19th century, female prisoners were treated no differently than male prisoners.

Question 5

A basic principle of the Pennsylvania System was an emphasis upon the social interaction among prisoners.

Question 6

The federal government provides all of the funding for American prisons.

Question 7

Prior to 1800, Americans copied Europeans by using physical punishment such as flogging.

Question 8

Private prisons are less flexible than state prisons.

Question 9

The rehabilitation model of corrections involved recommendations regarding behavior changes from social scientists.

Question 10

Private prisons are a billion-dollar industry.

Question 11

About half  of incarcerated persons are men.

Question 12

Correctional goals and methods are never influenced by social and political values.

Question 13

Under the New York System, prisoners produced goods for sale to cover operating costs.

Question 14

Jails house persons awaiting trial, or who have been sentenced to less than 1 year of incarceration.

Question 15

Throughout the history of the United States, ideas about punishment have remained roughly the same.

Question 16

All states run their prisons in an identical manner.

Question 17

Jails are operated locally by elected officials.

Question 18

There is no "real difference" between jails and prisons.

Question 19

The Quakers of Pennsylvania were instrumental in prison reform.

Question 20

Private prisons are believed to have lower operating costs than state prisons.

Question 21

After the 1960s, most courts maintained a "hands-off" policy with respect to corrections.

Question 22

Police do not need to show reasonable suspicion to search a parolee.

Question 23

With the incarcerated population more than quadrupling during the past 30 years, it is surprising that the number of parolees has decreased.

Question 24

One explanation for the increase in the incarceration rate in the 1990s was the increase in the number of arrests.

Question 25

Where in the United States were the first penitentiaries located?

A)New Jersey and Pennsylvania
B)New York and New Jersey
C)New York and Pennsylvania
D)Nevada and Pennsylvania

Question 26

The period of history when philosophers and reformers challenged the prison tradition with new ideas about the individual, limits of government, and rationalism was called the

A)Enlightenment.
B)Renaissance.
C)Civil War.
D)Reconstruction.

Question 27

Parolees have a limited right to an attorney than do probationers.

Question 28

The states in the northeast part of the United States have shown the largest increase in prison populations.

Question 29

Cooper v. Pate (1964)signaled the end of the "hands-off" policy.

Question 30

Which of the following signaled a new round of reform in prisons by focusing on the goal of punishment as the moral regeneration of criminals?

A)Cincinnati Declaration of Principles
B)Declaration of Independence
C)New York Declaration of Prisons
D)Pennsylvania Declaration of Penology

Question 31

The penitentiary system that developed in ________ kept inmates in isolation from other inmates.

A)Boston, Massachusetts,
B)Pennsylvania,
C)Elmira, New York,
D)Virginia,

Question 32

In recent years the Supreme Court has been even more supportive of expanding prisoners' rights.

Question 33

A model that was based on the assumption that the goal of corrections should be to reintegrate the offender into the community is referred to as the ________ model.

A)congregate
B)medical
C)rehabilitation
D)community corrections

Question 34

The Declaration of Principles urged that prisons should operate according to a philosophy of inmate punishment.

Question 35

What system held prisoners in isolation at night and made them work with fellow prisoners in shops during the day?

A)Medical
B)Congregate
C)Separate confinement
D)Crime control

Question 36

It is not permissible for prison officials to place a ban on mail correspondence between prisoners in different facilities.

Question 37

Courts have required decent treatment and minimum health standards for prisoners, making it unconstitutional for officials to show deliberate indifference.

Question 38

Throughout most of the 20th century, the number of persons incarcerated either declined or remained stable.

Question 39

The War on Drugs has drastically reduced drug use.

Question 40

During the 19th century, which of the following was not a principle that guided female prison reform?

A)The separation of women prisoners from men
B)The provision of care in keeping with the needs of women
C)The management of women's prisons by female staff
D)Making female prisons decidedly "female institutions"

Question 41

Which of the following is true concerning prison rates in Europe compared with rates in the United States?

A)Europe and the United States have similar incarceration rates.
B)Europe has a higher incarceration rate.
C)The United States has a higher incarceration rate.
D)Europe and the United States have identical incarceration rates.

Question 42

The primary function of jails is to

A)hold persons for less than 1 year.
B)hold persons for more than 1 year.
C)hold persons for more than 5 years.
D)avoid the stigma of prison.

Question 43

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that police do not need to show reasonable suspicion to search a parolee?

A)Monell v. Department of Social Services for the City of New York (1978)
B)Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)
C)Samson v. California (2006)
D)Cooper v. Pate (1964)

Question 44

Which of the following is true about privately run prisons?

A)Private prisons are regarded as more costly.
B)Private prisons are regarded as unreliable.
C)The profit incentive can interfere with the quality of service.
D)Private prisons do not have to comply with the standards of federal agencies.

Question 45

Which model makes greater use of incarceration, longer sentences, mandatory sentences, and strict supervision of probationers and parolees?

A)Congregate model
B)Medical model
C)Rehabilitation model
D)Crime control model

Question 46

Which of the following factors is not among the plausible explanations presented by Cole and Smith for the growth in the prison population?

A)Tougher sentencing
B)Prison construction
C)The War on Drugs
D)The dramatic  increase in the crime rate over the past two decades

Question 47

The organization of corrections in the United States leaves the primary responsibility for administering prisons with the

A)states.
B)United Nations.
C)regional governing associations.
D)towns.

Question 48

What type of policy did federal courts generally maintain with respect to rights of prisoners prior to the 1960s?

A)"Hands-on"-active intervention for many rights
B)"Hands-off"-rarely recognize any rights for prisoners
C)Intervention for freedom of speech only
D)Intervention to prevent unreasonable searches only

Question 49

Correctional programs are operated by which level of government?

A)Federal only
B)Federal and s tate only
C)State and c ounty only
D)Federal, state, and county

Question 50

State correctional facilities are classified according to the

A)size of the prison population.
B)level of security.
C)race of the prisoners.
D)geographic characteristics of the area.

Question 51

Prisoners' right to due process requires that they

A)be allowed to conduct religious services.
B)be given food and medical care.
C)have access to television and recreation.
D)have hearings when charged with serious disciplinary infractions.

Question 52

Which of the following is true in comparing federal prisoners with state prisoners?

A)Federal prisoners are more often violent offenders.
B)Federal prisoners are convicted for the same types of crimes as state prisoners.
C)Federal prisoners are less likely to be foreigners.
D)Federal prisoners disproportionately comprise drug offenders.

Question 53

Jails are administered locally by

A)private citizens who volunteer.
B)appointed civil servants.
C)elected officials.
D)off-duty police officers.

Question 54

Prisoners in _____  typically spend up to 23 hours per day in their cells.

A)maximum security
B)supermaximum security
C)minimum security
D)boot camps

Question 55

The Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause has been a source of protection against discrimination applied to prisoners based on all of the following except:

A)race.
B)gender.
C)religion.
D)sexual orientation.

Question 56

Which of the following best describes the organization of corrections in the United States?

A)Centralized
B)Fragmented
C)Unified
D)Nationalized

Question 57

The central idea of the community corrections approach is the _____ restrictive alternative.

A)most
B)least
C)average
D)"supermax"

Question 58

For which claimed freedom or right have prisoners been least successful in persuading federal courts to provide protection?

A)Freedom of speech
B)Freedom of religion
C)Right against unreasonable search and seizure
D)Right against cruel and unusual punishment

Question 59

In all states, the administration of prisons is

A)part of the executive branch.
B)part of the legislative branch.
C)part of the judicial branch.
D)jointly run by executive and international branches.

Question 60

At the federal level, probation officers are appointed by which of the following?

A)President
B)Congress
C)Federal judiciary
D)Attorney General

Question 61

Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines.  He was sentenced to a mandatory 10-year prison sentence.  Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however, he has been living in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children.  Javier is serving his sentence in a single cell with little to no contact throughout the day.  The warden seems to believe in old-style punishment.
Once Javier completes his 10-year sentence, the next step is

A)halfway house placement.
B)parole.
C)reformatory placement.
D)deportation.

Question 62

Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired.  This was Wesley's second conviction.  He has never served time before and is overwhelmed with his experience so far.  He is serving his time with all walks of life and most inmates say they are not guilty.  Wesley cannot believe he is serving time and the manager is someone he supported and actually voted for.  Wesley knows that the next 10 months cannot go fast enough.
Which of the following groups of individuals will not be serving time in the same facility as Wesley?

A)Those charged with misdemeanors
B)Mentally ill
C)Substance abusers
D)Felons

Question 63

Which of the following is true concerning crime rates and the prison population since 1991?

A)Crime rates and the prison population are both declining.
B)Crime rates and the prison population are both increasing.
C)Crime rates and the prison population are both stable.
D)Crime rates are decreasing and the prison population is increasing.

Question 64

Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines.  He was sentenced to a mandatory 10-year prison sentence.  Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however, he has been living in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children.  Javier is serving his sentence in a single cell with little to no contact throughout the day.  The warden seems to believe in old-style punishment.
Javier does not like the fact that the warden likes to keep the inmates separate in order to intensify their punishment, which is an example of

A)separate confinement.
B)the contract labor system.
C)the congregate system.
D)the jail system.

Question 65

With an estimated 13 million admissions and releases per year, more people directly experience _____ than experience prisons, mental hospitals, and halfway houses combined.

A)boot camps
B)parole
C)probation
D)jails

Question 66

_____ and high levels of violence are the hallmarks of many jails.

A)Murder
B)Suicide
C)Theft
D)Gangs

Question 67

A ____ is an institution intended to punish criminals by isolating them from society and from one another so they can reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and reform.

A)jail
B)penitentiary
C)reformatory
D)dormitory

Question 68

Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines.  He was sentenced to a mandatory 10-year prison sentence.  Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however, he has been living in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children.  Javier is serving his sentence in a single cell with little to no contact throughout the day.  The warden seems to believe in old-style punishment.
Javier's conviction was on a non-violent offense, which means he likely would not serve his sentence in a

A)Level 2 prison .
B)Level 3 prison .
C)Le vel 4 prison.
D)Level 5 or "supermax" prison .

Question 69

Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired.  This was Wesley's second conviction.  He has never served time before and is overwhelmed with his experience so far.  He is serving his time with all walks of life and most inmates say they are not guilty.  Wesley cannot believe he is serving time and the manager is someone he supported and actually voted for.  Wesley knows that the next 10 months cannot go fast enough.
Wesley is upset that he is managed by someone he voted for.  He is referring to the

A)warden.
B)sheriff.
C)chief.
D)secretary.

Question 70

Under the ______ system, inmates were "loaned" to contractors who provided the prisoners with food and clothing in exchange for their labor.

A)lease
B)contract labor
C)exchange
D)"Good Samaritan"

Question 71

Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines.  He was sentenced to a mandatory 10-year prison sentence.  Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however, he has been living in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children.  Javier is serving his sentence in a single cell with little to no contact throughout the day.  The warden seems to believe in old-style punishment.
Javier was convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines.  He is most likely serving his time in which type of correctional facility?

A)State prison
B)Federal prison
C)Private prison
D)Jail

Question 72

Which of the following are not subject to deportation if arrested?

A)Illegal immigrants
B)Sentenced illegal immigrants
C)Sentenced legal immigrants
D)The dependents of illegal immigrants

Question 73

Which of the following is not a principle of the separate confinement system?

A)Prisoners would not be treated vengefully but should be convinced that through hard and selective forms of suffering they could change their lives.
B)Solitary confinement would prevent further corruption inside prison.
C)Solitary confinement is expensive.
D)In isolation, offenders would reflect on their transgressions and repent.

Question 74

The Bureau of Prisons enters into contractual agreements with cities to provide which of the following services?

A)Halfway houses
B)Prerelease programs
C)Electronic monitoring
D)All of the above

Question 75

Jodi is serving a 5-year sentence for assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill.  She is incarcerated in the only institution for females in the state.  Jodi feels as though her constitutional rights have been trampled on several times, especially when they search her cell.  Jodi feels that the correctional officers do not treat the inmates properly, and she has had enough.  She plans to attempt to file a lawsuit.
Jodi is most likely serving her sentence in which of the following facilities?

A)State prison
B)Federal prison
C)Jail
D)Immigration court

Question 76

Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines.  He was sentenced to a mandatory 10-year prison sentence.  Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however, he has been living in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children.  Javier is serving his sentence in a single cell with little to no contact throughout the day.  The warden seems to believe in old-style punishment.
Because Javier is not a legal citizen of the United States, he would be considered a(n)

A)deported noncitizen.
B)documented worker.
C)undocumented worker.
D)citizen in wait.

Question 77

Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired.  This was Wesley's second conviction.  He has never served time before and is overwhelmed with his experience so far.  He is serving his time with all walks of life and most inmates say they are not guilty.  Wesley cannot believe he is serving time and the manager is someone he supported and actually voted for.  Wesley knows that the next 10 months cannot go fast enough.
Wesley is most likely serving his time in a(n)

A)jail.
B)state prison.
C)federal prison.
D)immigration prison.

Question 78

In 1982, President Ronald Reagan's declaration against drugs was referred to as the

A)"Attack on Drugs"
B)"War on Drugs"
C)"Battle against Drugs"
D)"Crusade against Drugs"

Question 79

The __________ is responsible for the punishment of federal offenders.

A)Federal Bureau of Incarceration
B)Federal Bureau of Prisons
C)Federal Bureau of Preventative Crime
D)Federal Bureau of Crime Displacement

Question 80

Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired.  This was Wesley's second conviction.  He has never served time before and is overwhelmed with his experience so far.  He is serving his time with all walks of life and most inmates say they are not guilty.  Wesley cannot believe he is serving time and the manager is someone he supported and actually voted for.  Wesley knows that the next 10 months cannot go fast enough.
Which of the following statements regarding Wesley is correct?

A)Wesley would not meet any inmates in jail who were arrested for violent crimes like murder.
B)Wesley could meet inmates while in jail who were arrested for violent crimes like murder.
C)Wesley has more rights in county jail than those serving time in state prisons.
D)Wesley is serving with others who have been convicted and sentenced.