Deck 14: Community Corrections Probation and Interrmediate Sanctions

Question 1

One problem for probation officers is their heavy caseload.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Persons on probation can refuse drug tests because they interfere with the Fourth Amendment right to privacy.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that home confinement violates the right to privacy.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

States can use probation for more serious offenses such as robbery or assault.

Question 5

Assets gained from forfeiture are often used to increase law enforcement agencies' budgets.

Question 6

Intermediate sanctions are not used as often as they could be in the United States.

Question 7

Forfeiture is determined by police officers rather than by judges.

Question 8

Fines are usually adjusted to account for wealth.

Question 9

Community corrections recognize that factors within the community that encourage criminal behavior cannotr be changed.

Question 10

Passive electronic monitoring systems send constant streams of information to the receiver.

Question 11

Individuals on probation have no constitutional rights.

Question 12

Offenders serving community service receive small amounts of pay for their work.

Question 13

Fines must be used in conjunction with some other form of punishment because merely paying a fine is not considered a punishment under the U.S. Constitution.

Question 14

The revocation of probation cannot result in incarceration.

Question 15

When given the choice, many offenders choose prison over intensive supervision probation.

Question 16

Probation works best when the judge and the supervising officer have close contact.

Question 17

Over half of the probationers have no direct contact with their probation officer.

Question 18

Boot camp programs often provide aftercare to help offenders transition back into the community.

Question 19

Restitution orders are determined by prison wardens rather than by judges.

Question 20

All crime victims can expect to receive full restitution from the offenders who harmed them.

Question 21

Which of the following is true regarding community corrections?

A)Offenders assigned to community corrections have committed offenses that are not serious.
B)Community supervision is more expensive than incarceration.
C)The rates of recidivism for those under community supervision are higher than the rates for those who go to prison.
D)Community supervision is more destructive to the offender than going to prison.

Question 22

From 1995 to 2012 the number of Americans under community supervision grew from 3.7 million to 4.8 million.

Question 23

The goal of community corrections is based on

A)punishing the offender as severely as possible.
B)teaching the offender to resist temptation by increasing the offender's contact with the criminal world.
C)punishing the offender with the least restrictive alternative.
D)the idea that punishment is wrong.

Question 24

Intermediate sanctions can be viewed as a continuum --a range of punishments.

Question 25

The world's first probation officer was

A)James Ferguson, an Irish police officer.
B)Sir Robert Peel, head of the London police.
C)O.W. Wilson, an American police chief.
D)John Augustus, a Boston bootmaker.

Question 26

Boot camps put offenders through a 3- to 9-month physical regimen designed to develop discipline and respect for authority.

Question 27

Intermediate sanctions have been advocated as less costly than incarceration.

Question 28

ISP programs have been called "old-style" probation because each officer has only 20 clients and requires frequent face-to-face contact.

Question 29

In order to be successful, community corrections programs must be given adequate resources.

Question 30

Community corrections assumes that

A)only the offender needs to change.
B)only the community needs to change.
C)both the offender and the community need to adapt.
D)law enforcement needs to adapt to the needs of offenders .

Question 31

The first statewide system of probation was in Delaware in 1880.

Question 32

Over the last 20 years, the challenges in community supervision have become fewer.

Question 33

The historical roots of probation can be traced to the procedures

A)of community supervision in France.
B)for reprieves and pardons in early English courts.
C)for forgiveness in Spanish courts.
D)of shock probation in Russian courts.

Question 34

Some researchers argue that too many policies focus solely on the short term to the disadvantage of long-term considerations.

Question 35

Community supervision is more expensive than incarceration.

Question 36

Most day reporting centers incorporate multiple correctional methods.

Question 37

Public support is lacking for community corrections.

Question 38

Intermediate sanctions are administered by the courts only.

Question 39

Which statement is false regarding home confinement?

A)Home confinement is problematic because crimes can be committed from home.
B)Electronic monitoring in home confinement is more expensive than imprisonment.
C)Home confinement raises the issue of the right to privacy because governmental corrections supervision has invaded a private home.
D)Electronic monitoring in home confinement may involve technical problems with the effectiveness of the equipment.

Question 40

The percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense is called

A)return offender.
B)recriminalization.
C)recidivism.
D)redundancy.

Question 41

Probation is defined as

A)home confinement.
B)electronic monitoring.
C)a short jail sentence.
D)supervised release under specified conditions.

Question 42

Which intermediate sanction is not administered by courts?

A)Boot camps
B)F ines
C)Restitution
D)Forfeiture

Question 43

Where is one most likely to find extensive use of day fines?

A)United States
B)Europe
C)Asia
D)Mexico

Question 44

When can home confinement be used in the criminal justice system?

A)During the pretrial period
B)After a short term in jail or prison
C)As a condition of probation
D)As a condition of parole

Question 45

Which is likely to be used as community service?

A)Cleaning laundry while incarcerated
B)Working part time at a fast food restaurant
C)Wearing an electronic monitoring device
D)Cleaning parks and roadsides

Question 46

Technical violations that would cause an offender's probation to be revoked include which of the following?

A)Violating curfew
B)Failing a drug test
C)Using alcohol
D)All of the above

Question 47

At a combined probation revocation and sentencing hearing, the probationer is

A)not permitted to attend.
B)being tried on new criminal charges.
C)subject to a "three-strikes" sentence.
D)entitled to be represented by counsel.

Question 48

Which intermediate sanction is not administered in the community?

A)Intensive supervision parole
B)Home confinement
C)Day reporting centers
D)All of these intermediate sanctions are administered in the community.

Question 49

Because of the costs associated with probation, which statement concerning probation is true?

A)All states use probation for serious offenders in the same way.
B)States only use probation for misdemeanor offenders.
C)States never use probation for serious offenders.
D)Some states are increasingly considering the use of probation for more serious offenders.

Question 50

Which statement is true about probation?

A)It is o nly used in combination with fines
B)It is o nly used in combination with restitution
C)It is o nly used in combination with community service
D)It is u sed in combination with fines, restitution, and community service

Question 51

Like parole revocation, probation revocation

A)must be decided in a full jury trial.
B)cannot be considered unless a new crime has been committed.
C)cannot be considered unless three conditions are violated.
D)requires a two-stage hearing process.

Question 52

The U.S. Supreme Court has decided that forfeitures

A)may sometimes violate the excessive fines clause of the Eighth Amendment.
B)always violate the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
C)can never result from a judicial order.
D)can involve homes but not automobiles.

Question 53

The number of probationers currently under supervision has reached a record

A)low and is decreasing.
B)high and is increasing.
C)low, but is slowly starting to increase.
D)high, but is starting to decrease.

Question 54

What is the most likely punishment for a misdemeanor traffic violation?

A)Community service
B)Restitution
C)Fines
D)Warning

Question 55

Which statement is true about the collection of fines?

A)Courts consider them a priority.
B)Europe imposes them more than the United States.
C)Only the United States uses fines as punishment.
D)They are always based upon the offender's income.

Question 56

Which is true concerning intermediate sanctions?

A)Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a low level of control over the offender.
B)Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a high level of control over the offender.
C)Judges use intermediate sanctions that require no control over the offender.
D)Judges use a range of intermediate sanctions requiring a low level to high level of control over the offenders.

Question 57

Repayment by an offender to a victim who has suffered some form of financial loss is called

A)Reparations
B)Making amends
C)Forfeiture
D)Restitution

Question 58

Which statement is a challenge faced by probation officers?

A)Caseloads are increasingly more violent.
B)They must prioritize certain individuals over others.
C)Risk classification methods are rarely used.
D)Most probationers are on electronic monitoring.

Question 59

How much does the public support the use of community-based punishments rather than prison for nonviolent offenders?

A)Most citizens strongly support  community-based punishments.
B)Few citizens support community-based punishments.
C)Most citizens are opposed to community-based punishments.
D)Most citizens report that they "don't care" what happens to offenders either way .

Question 60

Which branch of government administers the intermediate sanctions of fines, restitution, and forfeiture?

A)Executive
B)Legislature
C)Judiciary
D)Bureaucracy

Question 61

Another name for boot camp is

A)shock incarceration.
B)military indoctrination.
C)part-time incarceration.
D)inside/outside programming.

Question 62

Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state.  Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job.  In the middle of the night, Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store.  Two days prior, this client failed a drug test.
Chan Le would not be able to take which of the following actions regarding  his client who has recently violated probation?

A)Lecture the client.
B)Increase his contacts with the client.
C)Revoke the client's  probation.
D)Extend the client's sentence.

Question 63

Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client who will need much closer monitoring than her coworkers' clients.  Her client was sentenced to 6 years of probation based upon manufacturing methamphetamine with intent to distribute .  The client has conditions to his probation, including a period of time that he must spend in his home as well as a repayment plan for damage to the property that occurred during the manufacturing process.  Megan's client's biggest obstacle to successful completion of probation is the home environment in which the client lives.
If Megan's client were to commit a crime, the client would be in _______ violation of their parole.

A)irreversible.
B)specific.
C)technical.
D)general.

Question 64

Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state.  Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job.  In the middle of the night, Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store.  Two days prior, this client failed a drug test.
Which is true about the role Chan plays in the revocation and termination of probation?

A)Chan has some discretion as to whether he will recommend revocation for a technical offense.
B)Revocation could ultimately save $50,000 or more in prison costs.
C)Chan's revocation rates for probationers probably differ significantly from other jurisdictions.
D)Only a and c.

Question 65

Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state.  Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job.  In the middle of the night, Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store.  Two days prior, this client failed a drug test.
When Chan Le's client failed his drug test, he committed a

A)crime.
B)technical violation.
C)permanent violation.
D)legal violation.

Question 66

Which statement is true concerning community corrections?

A)Community corrections receive considerable public support.
B)Community corrections suffer from an image of being "soft on crime."
C)Localities have a surplus of resources for community corrections.
D)Community corrections are declining.

Question 67

Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client who will need much closer monitoring than her coworkers' clients.  Her client was sentenced to 6 years of probation based upon manufacturing methamphetamine with intent to distribute .  The client has conditions to his probation, including a period of time that he must spend in his home as well as a repayment plan for damage to the property that occurred during the manufacturing process.  Megan's client's biggest obstacle to successful completion of probation is the home environment in which the client lives.
Megan's client is most likely participating in which type of probation?

A)Probation diversion
B)Institutional diversion
C)Tiered diversion
D)Effective diversion

Question 68

The recidivism rate for probationers is ____ the rate for those who have been incarcerated.

A)much  higher than
B)lower than
C)the same as
D)slightly above

Question 69

Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state.  Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job.  In the middle of the night, Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store.  Two days prior, this client failed a drug test.
Chan Le's client most likely has a(n)________ rate of recidivism on probation as compared to if he had been incarcerated.

A)increased
B)decreased
C)equal
D)slightly increased

Question 70

Some offenders are allowed to go to a place of employment, education, or treatment during the day but must return to their homes by a specified hour when they have been sentenced to

A)community service.
B)intensive supervision probation.
C)day recovery centers.
D)home confinement.

Question 71

Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client who will need much closer monitoring than her coworkers' clients.  Her client was sentenced to 6 years of probation based upon manufacturing methamphetamine with intent to distribute .  The client has conditions to his probation, including a period of time that he must spend in his home as well as a repayment plan for damage to the property that occurred during the manufacturing process.  Megan's client's biggest obstacle to successful completion of probation is the home environment in which the client lives.
If Megan's client were to commit a crime, this would be referred to as

A)return offender.
B)recriminalization.
C)recidivism.
D)redundancy.

Question 72

Which is not one of the issues that critics state have been caused by intermediate sanctions ?

A)Wider nets
B)Empty nets
C)Stronger nets
D)Different nets

Question 73

Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client who will need much closer monitoring than her coworkers' clients.  Her client was sentenced to 6 years of probation based upon manufacturing methamphetamine with intent to distribute .  The client has conditions to his probation, including a period of time that he must spend in his home as well as a repayment plan for damage to the property that occurred during the manufacturing process.  Megan's client's biggest obstacle to successful completion of probation is the home environment in which the client lives.
Megan, most likely, has a small caseload.  Her caseload consists of how many clients?

A)Less than 20
B)21-60
C)61-80
D)81-100

Question 74

Which statement is true about boot camps?

A)They significantly reduce recidivism.
B)They help to reduce prison overcrowding.
C)Graduates are less likely to commit new crimes.
D)There are more running every year.

Question 75

Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client who will need much closer monitoring than her coworkers' clients.  Her client was sentenced to 6 years of probation based upon manufacturing methamphetamine with intent to distribute .  The client has conditions to his probation, including a period of time that he must spend in his home as well as a repayment plan for damage to the property that occurred during the manufacturing process.  Megan's client's biggest obstacle to successful completion of probation is the home environment in which the client lives.
Megan's client must pay for the damages he was responsible for when he was manufacturing drugs.  The monies he will pay back will be considered

A)community service.
B)fines.
C)restitution.
D)forfeiture.

Question 76

Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state.  Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job.  In the middle of the night, Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store.  Two days prior, this client failed a drug test.
If Chan Le tries to have his client's probation revoked, the client will first need to have a(n)

A)preliminary hearing.
B)disposition.
C)adjudication.
D)finding of fact hearing.

Question 77

With the passage of two laws in 1970-the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)and the Continuing Criminal Enterprise Act (CCE)-Congress resurrected _________, which is the government seizure of property.

A)restitution
B)forfeiture
C)fines
D)repayment

Question 78

Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client who will need much closer monitoring than her coworkers' clients.  Her client was sentenced to 6 years of probation based upon manufacturing methamphetamine with intent to distribute .  The client has conditions to his probation, including a period of time that he must spend in his home as well as a repayment plan for damage to the property that occurred during the manufacturing process.  Megan's client's biggest obstacle to successful completion of probation is the home environment in which the client lives.
Megan's client is forced to spend a specific, detailed amount of time in his home as part of his probation. , which is referred  to as

A)restitution.
B)fines.
C)home confinement.
D)day reporting.

Question 79

_____ is a means of dealing with offenders who need greater restrictions than traditional community-based programs can provide

A)Intensive supervision probation
B)Shock incarceration
C)House arrest
D)Probation

Question 80

A drug treatment program in which offenders must visit for daily drug testing would be classified as

A)intensive supervision probation.
B)a halfway house.
C)home confinement.
D)any of the above could incorporate this.