Deck 15: Incarceration and Prison Society

Question 1

Correctional officers have few resources or punishments at their disposal to achieve institutional goals.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

More mentally ill persons are in state hospitals than in prisons and jails.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Racial conflict is not a problem in most U.S. prisons.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

"Jailing" is a term used to describe inmates who try to take advantage of prison programs to better themselves.

Question 5

In the traditional prison of the big house era, rehabilitation was the primary goal.

Question 6

In some states, it is not illegal for correctional officers to have sex with inmates.

Question 7

There has been an increase in the number of elderly prisoners over the age of 55.

Question 8

Most inmates serve their terms in isolation cells.

Question 9

Few prisons have well-developed mental health treatment programs.

Question 10

Given adequate financial resources, most experts believe that prisons should include programs that improve the lives of inmates, such as vocational training, remedial education, and work opportunities.

Question 11

Prisoners serve shorter sentences in the United States in comparison to other Western nations.

Question 12

Women now comprise nearly one-quarter of the entire U.S. prison population.

Question 13

The dominant purpose of a prison is maintaining secure custody of offenders.

Question 14

The prison culture for both men and women involves  inmates adopting roles as surrogate families for other inmates.

Question 15

Contemporary prisoners are more likely to come from urban areas and to have been convicted of drug offenses than prisoners in the past.

Question 16

Female prisoners have higher levels of violence than male prisoners.

Question 17

Correctional officers can gain cooperation from prisoners through rewards and punishments.

Question 18

Female correctional officers can only work with female inmates.

Question 19

In recent years, the number of goods that a prisoner can obtain through legal channels has increased in many prisons.

Question 20

There has been a major increase in African American prisoners during the past 30 years.

Question 21

The classification of inmates and assignment to various prison programs is always tailored to serve the needs of the individual inmate.

Question 22

Which Western nation has the most prisoners serving long-term sentences?

A)Canada
B)United States
C)Germany
D)France

Question 23

Many states have targeted women and minorities for hiring as correctional officers.

Question 24

Gangs based on race and ethnicity have become a serious problem within the prison system.

Question 25

The convict world has its own norms and values, often described as the "cone of silence."

Question 26

Working in the context of prison management refers to keeping inmates secure.

Question 27

Which is not true concerning prison managers?

A)They cannot select their own clients.
B)They do not control the release of their clients.
C)They rely on clients to do most of the work.
D)They are not dependent on maintenance of satisfactory relationships between clients and staff.

Question 28

Which is true concerning the history of American correctional institutions?

A)Correctional institutions in the United States have remained constant over time from place to place.
B)Fictional depictions of prisons have been relatively accurate.
C)Counselors and teachers have always been a major part of prison life.
D)It was common in the South for prisoners to work outside as farm laborers.

Question 29

Which is true regarding the change in the prison population during the last 30 years?

A)There has been a decrease in the number of African Americans.
B)There has been a decrease in the number of Hispanics.
C)There has been no change in the number of Hispanics.
D)There has been an increase in the number of both African Americans and Hispanics.

Question 30

The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA)enacted by Congress in 2004 establishes a zero-tolerance standard for the incidence of rape in prison.

Question 31

The reintegration model is not linked to the structures and goals of community corrections.

Question 32

Women constitute 7% of the entire U.S. prison population.

Question 33

State legislators always support increases in funding for educational programs within the prison system because of their success in reducing recidivism.

Question 34

Problems faced by the modern prison system in America include which of the following?

A)Overcrowding
B)Legal issues
C)Racial conflicts
D)All of the above .

Question 35

The three lines of staff in a prison are

A)custody, work, and treatment.
B)custody, work, and safety.
C)custody, treatment, and safety.
D)treatment, safety, and rewards.

Question 36

The architectural design of a prison can influence the nature of interactions, including opportunities for violence.

Question 37

Prisoners can receive federal funding for postsecondary education.

Question 38

It is illegal in modern prisons to separate inmates by race, ethnicity, age, and gang affiliation.

Question 39

The model of corrections that emphasizes maintaining the offender's ties to the family and community as a method of reform is called the _____ model.

A)custodial
B)rehabilitation
C)reintegration
D)family

Question 40

In the past two decades the number of persons in prison has

A)stayed the same.
B)greatly increased.
C)greatly decreased.
D)slightly increased.

Question 41

Which is true concerning the rate of AIDS in the prison population compared to the general U.S. population?

A)It is significantly higher in the general population than in the prison population
B)It is slightly higher in the general population than in the prison population.
C)It is significantly higher in the prison population than in the general population.
D)It is slightly higher in the prison population than in the general population.

Question 42

Prisoners who view their prison term as a brief, inevitable break in their criminal careers and simply a cost of doing business are

A)gleaning.
B)jailing.
C)living by the inmate code.
D)doing time.

Question 43

Which is true concerning prison programs?

A)They are readily available to prisoners.
B)Legislators today are financially supportive of prisoner programs.
C)More programs tend to increase hostilities in prison.
D)Classification of prisoners and assignment to various programs often are based on the needs of administrators.

Question 44

Which factor distinguishes the governing of prisons from the administration of other public institutions?

A)The defects of power of authority figures
B)Unlimited rewards used by authorities
C)Independence of correctional officers and inmates
D)Weak inmate leadership

Question 45

In years past, the standard currency in the prison economy was

A)money.
B)soap.
C)sex.
D)cigarettes.

Question 46

Which is true concerning inmate leadership?

A)Officials were more successful at using inmate leaders to maintain order in the traditional prison of the big house era.
B)Officials are more successful today in using inmate leaders to maintain order than in the past.
C)Officials have easily manipulated inmate leaders to maintain order in the big house era as well as the modern era of today.
D)Officials never seek to gain cooperation from inmate leaders.

Question 47

The size of women's prisons and the number of women prisoners have contributed to

A)a lack of resources devoted to programs and rehabilitation.
B)a culture dominated by gangs.
C)a steady increase in prison violence.
D)the creation of "wall-less" prisons.

Question 48

Which is true concerning the authority of prison officials?

A)The authority of prison officials is unlimited.
B)The authority of prison officials is limited.
C)Prison officials have no authority.
D)The authority of prison officials is limited in state prisons, but unlimited in federal prisons.

Question 49

What strategy do corrections officers employ to gain voluntary cooperation from prisoners?

A)Brute force
B)Withholding food
C)Flexible enforcement of rules
D)Rigid enforcement of rules

Question 50

Prison administrators are wary of the prison economy because

A)inmate transactions hurt business at the prison store.
B)the prices charged for goods might not be fair.
C)prisoners steal items from the prison and may fight in disputes about transactions.
D)some prisoners are not allowed to participate.

Question 51

The factors of total power, rewards and punishments, exchange relationships, and inmate leadership

A)exist in only a few prisons.
B)exist only in state prisons.
C)exist only in federal prisons.
D)make prisons more difficult to govern than other institutions.

Question 52

Which could legally be withheld or granted as rewards to prisoners?

A)Food
B)Medical care
C)Water
D)"Good-time" credits

Question 53

Which type of prison staff is the most numerous?

A)Wardens
B)Custodial employees
C)Investigators
D)Counselors

Question 54

The set of rules and values that develop within the prison social system and guide prisoners' behavior is called

A)jailing.
B)the inmate code.
C)gleaning.
D)machismo.

Question 55

Which is true concerning the differences between men's and women's prisons?

A)Women have a more developed hidden economy.
B)Female inmates face more violence and physical confrontations.
C)Female inmates are more committed to the inmate code.
D)Women's prisons are smaller.

Question 56

The Bureau of Justice Statistics found that most prisoners are

A)young minority males with less than a high school education.
B)older minority males with a high school education.
C)young minority females with less than a high school education.
D)older white males from organized crime groups.

Question 57

Often a primary motivation for becoming a corrections officer is

A)enjoying the work with prisoners.
B)enjoying helping in the rehabilitation process.
C)the ability to use  violence on the job.
D)wanting a secure civil service job.

Question 58

According to John DiIulio, what three elements are characteristic of the quality of prisoners' lives in a good prison?

A)Discipline, punishment, and silence
B)Fun, peace, and entertainment
C)Order, amenities, and services
D)Entertainment, democracy, and free movement

Question 59

Inmates with low intelligence who are afflicted with psychological or physical disabilities are referred to as

A)challenged inmates.
B)bottom feeders.
C)gleaners.
D)jailers.

Question 60

_______ programs are the most popular type of prison program.

A)Treatment
B)Vocational
C)Educational
D)Industrial

Question 61

Which is true about prison managers?

A)They h ave complete control over when their clients will be released
B)They r ely on clients to do much of the institutional maintenance work
C)They s elect their clients
D)They a re given incentive pay for successful inmate completion

Question 62

Warden Smith is in charge of a female prison that houses the women from her state.  She has been working diligently to improve the conditions of the prison for the women.  Warden Smith has increased programs for the women, spending significant amounts of money on improving the educational system behind bars.  She also received a grant that allowed the prison to have an around-the-clock medical staff person to care for the inmates.  Warden Smith has also managed to incorporate programs to increase the mother-child bond.
Currently, about how many female inmates have received a high school diploma or GED when they enter prison?

A)Less than half
B)About h alf
C)More than half
D)Almost all

Question 63

Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers.  He has also had a difficult time maintaining job satisfaction among his current employees.  He is working with other wardens within the state to review possible incentives for all correctional staff.  He has found that there is a huge shortage of staff members who would be considered minorities, including women.
Which is not a reason why Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified staff?

A)Low pay
B)Minimal career advancement
C)Boring work
D)Short shifts

Question 64

Special efforts have been made to recruit _______ and minority correctional officers.

A)male
B)female
C)educated
D)young

Question 65

Officer Meeks has been assigned to the gang identifying unit within the prison he works for.  His duties include establishing which inmates have gang ties when they are admitted  to the prison.  Officer Meeks usually interviews the inmates and notes any identifying information such as tattoos and writings.  Officer Meeks has been witnessing a huge increase in members of both the Mexican Mafia and the Texas Syndicate.
The warden governing the prison may ask  Officer Meeks to do which of the following to decrease prison violence?

A)Increase his supervision of other staff members.
B)House violence-prone prisoners near relatively defenseless people.
C)Ensure easy availability of deadly weapons in case of violence.
D)Maintain a general high level of tension by keeping inmates in close quarters.

Question 66

Inmates who do not break rules are given ______ time.

A)earned
B)good
C)extra
D)program

Question 67

Approximately ________ of state prisoners have not completed their high school education.

A)20%
B)40%
C)60%
D)80%

Question 68

Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers.  He has also had a difficult time maintaining job satisfaction among his current employees.  He is working with other wardens within the state to review possible incentives for all correctional staff.  He has found that there is a huge shortage of staff members who would be considered minorities, including women.
Warden Campbell has become concerned that some of her officers are having illicit sexual relations with the female inmates.  Which of the following actions is the warden likely to enact?

A)Increase the supervision staff members.
B)Decrease the number of female officers .
C)Increase the number of male officers .
D)Restrict privileges for all prisoners.

Question 69

Approximately ________ of correctional officers are members of minority groups.

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 70

Warden Smith is in charge of a female prison that houses the women from her state.  She has been working diligently to improve the conditions of the prison for the women.  Warden Smith has increased programs for the women, spending significant amounts of money on improving the educational system behind bars.  She also received a grant that allowed the prison to have an around-the-clock medical staff person to care for the inmates.  Warden Smith has also managed to incorporate programs to increase the mother-child bond.
What percentage of Warden Smith's inmates have a child at home?

A)4 1%
B)5 1%
C)61%
D)71%

Question 71

Officer Meeks has been assigned to the gang identifying unit within the prison he works for.  His duties include establishing which inmates have gang ties when they are admitted  to the prison.  Officer Meeks usually interviews the inmates and notes any identifying information such as tattoos and writings.  Officer Meeks has been witnessing a huge increase in members of both the Mexican Mafia and the Texas Syndicate.
On average, _____  of inmates are involved in a gang.

A)15%
B)19%
C)24%
D)28%

Question 72

Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers.  He has also had a difficult time maintaining job satisfaction among his current employees.  He is working with other wardens within the state to review possible incentives for all correctional staff.  He has found that there is a huge shortage of staff members who would be considered minorities, including women.
As Warden Campbell tries to increase his pursuit of women and minorities as employees, he needs to be aware that female correctional officers with low levels of job satisfaction will also report greater

A)pay.
B)job stress.
C)on-the-job injuries  promotions.
D)use-of-force claims  incentives.

Question 73

Officer Meeks has been assigned to the gang identifying unit within the prison he works for.  His duties include establishing which inmates have gang ties when they are admitted  to the prison.  Officer Meeks usually interviews the inmates and notes any identifying information such as tattoos and writings.  Officer Meeks has been witnessing a huge increase in members of both the Mexican Mafia and the Texas Syndicate.
Officer Meeks is responsible for identifying gang information in order to _________ rival gangs by housing them in separate units.

A)combine
B)segregate
C)integrate
D)identify

Question 74

Which is not a principle set forth by Warden Dennis Luther for his staff members?

A)Inmates are sent to prison as punishment and not for punishment.
B)Inmates are entitled to a safe and humane environment while in prison.
C)Inmates should be punished harshly.
D)You must believe in man's capacity to change his behavior.

Question 75

Warden Smith is in charge of a female prison that houses the women from her state.  She has been working diligently to improve the conditions of the prison for the women.  Warden Smith has increased programs for the women, spending significant amounts of money on improving the educational system behind bars.  She also received a grant that allowed the prison to have an around-the-clock medical staff person to care for the inmates.  Warden Smith has also managed to incorporate programs to increase the mother-child bond.
What percentage of Warden Smith's inmates are pregnant when they enter prison or have given birth within the last year?

A)10%
B)15%
C)25%
D)30%

Question 76

The model of corrections that emphasizes maintaining the offender's ties to the family and community as a method of reform is called the _____ model.

A)custodial
B)rehabilitation
C)reintegration
D)family

Question 77

The rate of confirmed AIDS cases in state and federal prisons is ________ times higher than the rate in the total U.S. population.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 78

Warden Smith is in charge of a female prison that houses the women from her state.  She has been working diligently to improve the conditions of the prison for the women.  Warden Smith has increased programs for the women, spending significant amounts of money on improving the educational system behind bars.  She also received a grant that allowed the prison to have an around-the-clock medical staff person to care for the inmates.  Warden Smith has also managed to incorporate programs to increase the mother-child bond.
Warden Smith was able to receive grant funding for medical care of her female inmates.  This is important because women have a greater chance than men of suffering from:

A)AIDS
B)asthma
C)prostate cancer
D)brain tumors

Question 79

Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers.  He has also had a difficult time maintaining job satisfaction among his current employees.  He is working with other wardens within the state to review possible incentives for all correctional staff.  He has found that there is a huge shortage of staff members who would be considered minorities, including women.
Which is not a way that Warden Campbell can encourage current employees to continue employment?

A)Offering promotions
B)Increasing training
C)Increasing pay
D)Increasing hours

Question 80

Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers.  He has also had a difficult time maintaining job satisfaction among his current employees.  He is working with other wardens within the state to review possible incentives for all correctional staff.  He has found that there is a huge shortage of staff members who would be considered minorities, including women.
Approximately ______ of Warden Campbell's staff are likely considered minorities.

A)15%
B)20%
C)25%
D)30%