Deck 16: Reentry Into the Community

Question 1

In-custody visitation allows inmates to leave prison temporarily to visit family.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The percentage of incarcerated drug offenders has increased significantly in the past 20 years.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Discretionary release is sometimes criticized for following judicial recommendations too closely.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Increasing restrictions on parolees also affects their families and communities.

Question 5

Most offenders released on parole begin to adjust quickly to the outside world.

Question 6

Although parole officers must sometimes act in the role of a "cop," they do not have the power to enforce conditions of release.

Question 7

Some states allow victims to make statements at parole board hearings.

Question 8

All halfway houses are operated by state administrative agencies.

Question 9

Community members do not have any responsibility for ex-offenders released into their neighborhoods.

Question 10

Most parole officers have little difficulty in monitoring the behavior of parolees.

Question 11

If a parole officer finds that a parolee has committed a technical violation, he or she can revoke parole without a hearing.

Question 12

Media coverage of parole and parolees tends to be sympathetic and understanding.

Question 13

Many parolees "max out" on time and cannot be held any longer, regardless of how the parole board feels about the inmate.

Question 14

With the punitive nature of the criminal justice system, release on parole has become much easier for inmates to obtain.

Question 15

The most commonly used type of release from incarceration is mandatory release.

Question 16

In Japan, the justice system focuses solely on the offender and not on the community.

Question 17

Discretionary release affects other aspects of the system, including sentencing, plea bargaining, and the size of prison populations.

Question 18

In some communities, individuals on the sex offender registry have committed very low-level offenses.

Question 19

A parolee can be prevented from working as a bartender by a parole officer.

Question 20

Most people believe that parolees who fail a drug test should be sent back to prison.

Question 21

A pardon will not erase the criminal record of an offender.

Question 22

Tickets of leave were the forerunner of the modern-day parole system.

Question 23

Which is not a concept upon which parole is based?

A)Grace
B)Rehabilitation
C)Contract
D)Custody

Question 24

Civil disabilities imposed on ex-felons can hinder their complete reintegration into society.

Question 25

Parole decisions can be made arbitrarily, depending on the whims of the parole board.

Question 26

The civil disabilities of ex-felons can include loss of the right to vote and to hold public office.

Question 27

There is always the potential for revocation of parole.

Question 28

Which is not a function of the parole officer as social worker?

A)Help the parolee find a job and restore family ties.
B)Channel parolees to social agencies where they can obtain help.
C)L ead prayer meetings and church socials.
D)Develop a relationship with the parolee.

Question 29

The Second Chance Act, signed into law by George W. Bush, authorizes states to punish parole offenders more harshly.

Question 30

A pardon is an action of the executive branch of state or federal government which absolves  the offender from the consequences of the crime.

Question 31

Which is the most commonly used method of release into the community?

A)Discretionary release
B)Judicial release
C)Mandatory release
D)Expiration release

Question 32

There is no discretion involved  in the release date with mandatory releases.

Question 33

Pardons are sometimes given to remedy a miscarriage of justice.

Question 34

Which is true about parole boards?

A)Parole boards have become hesitant in granting parole for fear of being perceived as "soft" on crime.
B)Parole boards are always comprised of corrections experts.
C)Parole boards can predict accurately the future behavior of an offender.
D)Parole boards are always independent from the department of corrections.

Question 35

Which actor/entity typically determines discretionary release of state prisoners?

A)State prison release commissioner
B)Parole board
C)State supreme court
D)Prison warden

Question 36

In the early parole system in the United States, prisoners were released on parole when

A)their sentences expired.
B)the prisons became full.
C)the victims consented to their release.
D)their conduct showed they were ready to return.

Question 37

Which facility allows inmates to spend a portion of the day at work but reside in a nonsecure facility outside of prison?

A)Minimum security prison
B)Halfway house
C)Ticket of leave
D)Furlough

Question 38

Wrongway houses are transitional facility for soon-to-be-released inmates.

Question 39

All states must assist reentry though the creation of reentry institutions.

Question 40

The earliest forms of parole used

A)ISP.
B)pardons of leave.
C)tickets of leave.
D)responsibility vouchers.

Question 41

Who grants pardons in the United States?

A)Congress and state legislatures
B)Presidents and state governors
C)U.S. Supreme Court and state supreme courts
D)Attorney General and state attorney generals

Question 42

Up to 90% of released offenders do not participate in transitional programs  because most released offenders:

A)don't want to use them.
B)cannot access them.
C)receive this instruction while in prison.
D)do not need transitional programs.

Question 43

Which type of release involves the parole board making decisions?

A)Mandatory release
B)Discretionary release
C)Unconditional release
D)Community release

Question 44

Parolees who are behave according to their conditions of release may be adjusted to _________ surveillance.

A)rescinded
B)reattributed
C)readjustment
D)restorative

Question 45

According to Travis and Petersilia, which is not a factor that contributes to the reentry problem?

A)Reduced powers of parole boards
B)Increased drug use by inmates in prison
C)Diminished opportunities for inmates to complete rehabilitation programs
D)Offenders being incarcerated for longer periods

Question 46

________ courts have been suggested as a method of assessing ex-inmates' adjustment back into society:

A)Recidivism
B)Parole
C)Reentry
D)Release

Question 47

What is one explanation for the high recidivism rate among those offenders released from incarceration?

A)Their increased age makes them more likely to commit crimes.
B)Their low intelligence makes them more likely to commit crimes.
C)A biological propensity  to commit crimes.
D)A lack of education and training makes them more likely to commit crimes.

Question 48

An action of the executive branch of the state or federal government excusing an offense and absolving the offender is called a(n)

A)mandatory release.
B)furlough.
C)pardon.
D)exoneration .

Question 49

What are the two roles played by parole officers?

A)Cop and minister
B)Warden and cop
C)Cop and social worker
D)Warden and therapist

Question 50

An expiration release means that the inmate

A)has died.
B)cannot serve any additional time.
C)has been granted a furlough.
D)is  terminally ill .

Question 51

When an inmate is released after he or she has served time equal to the total sentence minus good time, this is called _____ release.

A)mandatory
B)discretionary
C)unconditional
D)community

Question 52

What group is most likely to be unemployed in the United States after release from prison?

A)Male Caucasians under the age of 30
B)Male Hispanics under the age of 30
C)Male African Americans under the age of 30
D)Male African Americans aged 30 or over

Question 53

In most states, who is permitted to attend parole hearings?

A)Board members only
B)The inmate only
C)Correctional officers only
D)Board members, the inmate, and correctional officers

Question 54

The laws and rules that must be followed by parolees are called

A)parole conditions.
B)the sentencing contract.
C)constitutional restrictions.
D)conditions of release.

Question 55

What is another (politically sensitive)term used for "other conditional release"?

A)Mandatory parole
B)Mandatory release
C)Discretionary release
D)Discretionary parole

Question 56

Which is not an example of a civil disability that can be placed on an ex-felon?

A)Restrictions in terms of employment
B)Denial of the right to vote
C)Denial of the right to hold public office
D)Forfeiture of all constitutional rights

Question 57

When inmates are released from correctional institutions during the day so they may work or attend school, this is called ______ release.

A)mandatory
B)discretionary
C)unconditional
D)work and educational

Question 58

It can be difficult to place halfway houses in communities due to the public sentiment referred to as

A)"no offenders in my neighborhood" (NOIMN).
B)"take inmates out of communities" (TIOOC).
C)"keep them locked up tight" (KTLUT).
D)"not in my backyard" (NIMBY).

Question 59

The temporary release of an inmate from a correctional institution for a visit home is called 

A)a pardon.
B)clemency.
C)a furlough.
D)a halfway visit.

Question 60

What are the "invisible punishments" offenders are subjected to after release from incarceration?

A)Difficulties finding a job
B)Denial of government assistance
C)Unlikelihood of getting married
D)Both difficulties finding a job and denial of government assistance

Question 61

The parole board has recently paroled Beth after eight years of incarceration.  She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state.  Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own.  It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees in their neighborhood.
Beth will serve some time in a transitional facility before she is released, most likely in a

A)jail.
B)halfway house.
C)reformatory.
D)furlough.

Question 62

A system of conditional release from prison, devised by Captain Alexander Maconochie and first developed in Ireland by Sir Walter Crofton, was known as

A)probation.
B)home confinement.
C)ticket of leave.
D)reformatory.

Question 63

Miranda has been a parole officer for over 12 years.  When she first started working with inmates, she saw herself as a caretaker.  She worked many hours in facilitating relationships with her clients in order for them to become functioning members of society.  In the last couple of years, Miranda has noticed herself becoming more authoritarian.  She still wants to help her clients, but seems to spend more of her time restricting their freedom. When Miranda is restricting freedoms or trying to revoke parole, she is working as a 

A)social worker.
B)cop.
C)teacher.
D)preacher.

Question 64

Which is not one of the three concepts on which parole rests?

A)Grace
B)Contract
C)Custody
D)Punishment

Question 65

The parole board has recently paroled Beth after eight years of incarceration.  She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state.  Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own.  It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees in their neighborhood.
Beth was placed on parole by a parole board.  Beth's release would be considered a _________ release.

A)discretionary
B)mandatory
C)conditional
D)expiration

Question 66

The parole board has recently paroled Beth after eight years of incarceration.  She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state.  Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own.  It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees in their neighborhood.
Beth must locate gainful employment and submit to a weekly drug test, which would be considered her conditions of

A)parole.
B)fact.
C)probation.
D)release.

Question 67

Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful completion of his sentence for drug crimes.  He has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison and will try to do everything he can to reintegrate back into the community.  Grant would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has been informed that it will not be possible, at least for this election.  Grant also has had a difficult time finding employment.  It seems that most employers just do not want to take a chance on someone with a record.
Grant's reentry into society was made easier by his participation in a

A)s tate prison release commissioner home
B)p arole board release program
C)juvenile detention facility
D)reentry preparation program

Question 68

_______ may be the most notable civil disability of ex-prisoners.

A)Inability to w ork
B)Removal of m edical care
C)Income tax revocation
D)Inability to vote

Question 69

One way that offenders avoid the consequences of civil disabilities is through _______, a process through which an individual's criminal records are erased from public records.

A)pardon
B)clemency
C)forgiveness
D)expungement

Question 70

Miranda has been a parole officer for over 12 years.  When she first started working with inmates, she saw herself as a caretaker.  She worked many hours in facilitating relationships with her clients in order for them to become functioning members of society.  In the last couple of years, Miranda has noticed herself becoming more authoritarian.  She still wants to help her clients, but seems to spend more of her time restricting their freedom.
As a parole officer, Miranda engages in all of the following tasks except:

A)providing  help in finding a job and restoring family ties for clients.
B)channeling clients to social agencies where they can obtain help.
C)finding clients their old acquaintances.
D)developing a relationship with clients.

Question 71

State _________ are typically composed of citizens who are appointed for fixed terms in office by the governor.

A)reentry boards
B)community boards
C)parole boards
D)probation boards

Question 72

A(n)_______ later became known as the "royal prerogative of mercy" in England.

A)pardon
B)e xpungement
C)c lemency
D)f orgiveness

Question 73

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in _____  that if a parole officer alleges that a technical violation occurred, a two-step revocation proceeding is required.

A)Brown v. Plata (2011)
B)Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)
C)The Second Chance Act of 2007
D)Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Question 74

Civil disabilities might include the inability to do the following except:

A)vote.
B)have  access to the public library.
C)enter certain professions.
D)live in certain area, such as close to schools.

Question 75

Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful completion of his sentence for drug crimes.  He has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison and will try to do everything he can to reintegrate back into the community.  Grant would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has been informed that it will not be possible, at least for this election.  Grant also has had a difficult time finding employment.  It seems that most employers just do not want to take a chance on someone with a record.
Grant's ______ have not been restored yet, as evidenced by the fact that he is not allowed to vote in the upcoming election.

A)criminal disabilities
B)civil disabilities
C)due process rights
D)voting rights

Question 76

Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful completion of his sentence for drug crimes.  He has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison and will try to do everything he can to reintegrate back into the community.  Grant would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has been informed that it will not be possible, at least for this election.  Grant also has had a difficult time finding employment.  It seems that most employers just do not want to take a chance on someone with a record.
Grant promised himself that he will not go back to prison.  Unfortunately, 40% of inmates released go back to prison within ______ years.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 77

Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful completion of his sentence for drug crimes.  He has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison and will try to do everything he can to reintegrate back into the community.  Grant would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has been informed that it will not be possible, at least for this election.  Grant also has had a difficult time finding employment.  It seems that most employers just do not want to take a chance on someone with a record.
Grant's release mechanism would be considered _______ release.

A)expiration
B)mandatory
C)probationary
D)discretionary

Question 78

The parole board has recently paroled Beth after eight years of incarceration.  She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state.  Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own.  It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees in their neighborhood.
If Beth had served her sentence in full and not been paroled, then her release would have been considered a _________ release.

A)discretionary
B)mandatory
C)conditional
D)expiration

Question 79

The parole board has recently paroled Beth after eight years of incarceration.  She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state.  Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own.  It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees in their neighborhood.The reason Beth cannot find a halfway house close to her home is because of the ________ attitude.

A)NIMBY
B)NIMFY
C)MINFB
D)BIMVY

Question 80

Miranda has been a parole officer for over 12 years.  When she first started working with inmates, she saw herself as a caretaker.  She worked many hours in facilitating relationships with her clients in order for them to become functioning members of society.  In the last couple of years, Miranda has noticed herself becoming more authoritarian.  She still wants to help her clients, but seems to spend more of her time restricting their freedom.
When Miranda is assisting her clients with jobs and forging a relationship with them, she is working in which capacity?

A)Social worker
B)Cop
C)Teacher
D)Preacher