Deck 1: Abnormal Behavior

Question 1

Isabel tells Dr. Paz that the spirits she sees of her dead grandparents are causing her a great deal of anxiety, although they have motivated her to pursue a medical degree Isabel lives in Brazil. If Dr. Paz diagnoses her as having a psychological disorder, he will likely attribute it to which criterion?

A) deviance
B) distress
C) dangerousness
D) dysfunction

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Psychopathology, or abnormal behavior, results primarily from ____.

A) genetic factors
B) environmental factors
C) sociocultural factors
D) an interaction of many factors

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Suree is studying to be a clinical psychologist from an accredited program. She will learn that, with respect to bias in diagnosing clients, ____.

A) even the most enlightened and well-intended mental health professionals may engage in race, gender, and social class bias
B) psychologists are less likely than other mental health professionals to overpathologize clients on the basis of race, gender, or social class
C) clinical psychologists receive better training than other mental health professionals for recognizing their tendency to hold prejudicial attitudes toward clients
D) mental health professionals are more likely to hold prejudicial attitudes and biases against males than against females

Answer 3

A

Question 4

One strength in using the deviance criterion is that it ____.

A) uses an objective method of defining abnormal behavior
B) stresses the attainment of realistic goals
C) examines how the individual views his or her own behavior
D) accounts for the complexity of behavior observed in people from different cultures

Question 5

Anita is at the mall. Suddenly she looks around and sees a man with wings flying in the air, when in fact, there is no such man. Anita is likely experiencing ____.

A) a hallucination
B) a delusion
C) disorientation
D) psychosis

Question 6

Dr. Kohn is a psychoanalyst, Dr. Edwards is a humanistic therapist, Dr. Peterson is a cognitive behavioral therapist, and Dr. James is a Gestalt therapist. Each of them would likely have a different ____ for a client's abnormality.

A) time of onset
B) explanation
C) diagnosis
D) prognosis

Question 7

Clinical psychologists usually have ____ degrees, unlike psychiatrists, who have ____ degrees.

A) bachelor's (B.S.); medical (M.D.)
B) medical (M.D.); doctorate (Ph.D.)
C) doctorate (Ph.D. or Psy.D); medical (M.D.)
D) master's (M.S.); doctorate (Ph.D.)

Question 8

College administrators suspended Lee Loughner after they became concerned about Loughner's potential to commit dangerous behaviors. Why didn't authorities arrest him?

A) Loughner's therapist did not feel he posed a danger to others.
B) None of the local mental health facilities had space to house him.
C) Loughner did not make any overt threats against anyone.
D) Loughner's behavior was not considered odd in comparison to his peer group.

Question 9

Johanna has specialized training, and works with individuals who drink too much or take drugs illegally. We can guess that Johanna is a ____.

A) substance abuse counselor
B) school psychologist
C) psychiatric social worker
D) psychiatrist

Question 10

Which statement regarding the prediction of abnormal behavior is accurate ?

A) People with deteriorating mental conditions can appear normal.
B) Psychologists are not interested in predicting clients' future behavior.
C) Prediction is unrelated to understanding the cause of abnormality.
D) Psychologists tend to underpredict future violence.

Question 11

Dr. Thompson collects information in order to describe and draw inferences about an individual's psychological disorder. Dr. Thompson is engaged in ____.

A) investigative therapy
B) predicting dangerousness
C) psychodiagnosis
D) experimental research

Question 12

When psychologists talk about modifying abnormal behavior, they are referring to ____.

A) attempting to understand the underlying cause of that behavior
B) restricting the freedom of dangerous clients
C) attempting to anticipate the future behaviors of clients
D) using therapy to improve client behavior

Question 13

A psychologist states that "Juan's abnormal behavior is likely due to a combination of biology and inadequate interpersonal skills." The psychologist is ____.

A) predicting the future symptoms of Juan
B) giving Juan a psychodiagnosis
C) offering an explanation for Juan's problem
D) describing how to control Juan's symptoms

Question 14

Harold is a mental health professional who has a medical degree and prescribes antidepressants and antipsychotic medication for his patients. After graduating from medical school, he completed a three-year residency in his field. We can guess that Harold is a ____.

A) social worker
B) psychiatrist
C) clinical psychologist
D) psychoanalyst

Question 15

A psychologist defined intellectual disability solely on the basis of how far from "normal" an individual's IQ score is. The criterion used is ____.

A) abnormality
B) cultural relativism
C) cultural universality
D) deviance

Question 16

Which statement defines psychotherapy most accurately?

A) A program of systematic intervention designed to alter behavior, emotion, or thought
B) The scientific study of abnormal behavior
C) A system of observing abnormal behavior in an attempt to classify it
D) The application of a theoretical model to explain the cause of abnormal behavior

Question 17

A psychologist develops several activities for clients aimed at helping them become more self-disciplined and feel more confident about trying new behaviors. This example illustrates ____.

A) how epidemiological work is done in the field
B) how psychotherapy may be seen as an attempt to modify behavior
C) the function of providing an explanation for abnormal behavior
D) the essential need for accurate psychodiagnosis

Question 18

Which statement about the field of abnormal psychology is accurate?

A) Abnormal psychology seeks to describe, explain, predict, and modify unusual behaviors.
B) Abnormal psychology is not yet considered a scientific field of research.
C) Abnormal psychology focuses on the study of only the most bizarre behavior.
D) Abnormal psychology is most interested in narrowing a disorder to one behavioral factor.

Question 19

Linda, Jayne, and Sheryl all are called "doctors." All are mental health professionals. However, Linda has a Psy.D., Jayne has an M.D., and Sheryl has a D.S.W. We can predict that ____.

A) Sheryl is a psychiatrist
B) Linda is a social worker
C) Linda is a clinical psychologist
D) Jayne is a clinical psychologist

Question 20

Psychiatrists must have an M.D.; clinical psychologists must have a Ph.D. or Psy.D., and psychiatric social workers require ____.

A) a master's (M.S.) degree
B) an M.D
C) only a bachelor's (B.S.) degree
D) a Ph.D.

Question 21

Juanita visits a mental health center. She complains that her fatigue, anxiety, and inability to sleep keep her from enjoying life. If her symptoms are considered a form of abnormal behavior, it is because she is showing ____.

A) delusions and hallucinations
B) dysfunction
C) disorientation
D) deviation from the norm

Question 22

Sensory misperceptions, which may include hearing voices others do not hear or seeing things other do not see, are called ____.

A) dysfunctions
B) disorientations
C) delusions
D) hallucinations

Question 23

During a diagnostic interview, a psychiatrist asks the client how he has been functioning in normal social interactions. These questions are designed to assess ____.

A) disorientation
B) discomfort
C) distress
D) dysfunction

Question 24

One way to assess dysfunction is in terms of the discrepancy between ____.

A) thoughts and feelings
B) expectations and attitudes
C) cultural norms and actual behavior
D) role requirements and actual performance

Question 25

Dr. Karlin specializes in working with clients whose emotional problems interfere with their ability to work effectively or to engage in meaningful relationships. She focuses on which criterion of abnormality?

A) distress
B) deviance
C) dangerousness
D) dysfunction

Question 26

According to Thomas Szasz, ____ .

A) mental illness is a fictional creation by society used to control and change people
B) the causes for most mental disorders will ultimately be found in brain pathology
C) individuals who are suffering from mental illnesses have biological diseases
D) medication is far superior to psychotherapy in reducing the suffering of individuals with mental disorders

Question 27

Headache is to ____ as delusions are to ____.

A) dysfunction; deviance
B) discomfort; deviance
C) deviance; dysfunction
D) discomfort; dysfunction

Question 28

Kunti, a Black slave who works on a Southern plantation in the 18^th century, tries to escape to freedom. A psychological diagnosis at that time would likely be that Kunti ____.

A) has a normal desire to be free
B) suffers from drapetomania
C) suffers from an anxiety disorder
D) is expressing a statistical anomaly

Question 29

Thomas Szasz believes that ____.

A) unusual belief systems are not necessarily wrong
B) abnormal behavior reflects an illness
C) psychologists are better trained than other professionals to diagnose abnormality
D) people who have problems of living are suffering from mental illness

Question 30

The American Psychiatric Association has published a manual that is the most widely used classification system of psychological disorders. What is this manual called?

A) International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
B) Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)
C) Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM)
D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Question 31

A psychologist considers the importance of an individual's background in determining abnormal behavior. What is the psychologist considering?

A) cultural relativism
B) cultural universality
C) multipath
D) statistical deviance

Question 32

Early psychological research, such as that by Emil Kraepelin, supported which viewpoint about abnormality?

A) social
B) biological
C) psychological
D) psychopathological

Question 33

Consider the statement, "A behavior pattern in an individual that is associated with distress or disability, and is not merely an expectable response to common stressors or losses." This is most consistent with the definition of abnormal behavior of ____.

A) humanistic psychologists
B) the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
C) cultural relativists
D) the National Institute of Mental Health

Question 34

The concept of ____ assumes that certain mental disorders exist across cultures; ____ suggests that mental disorders may manifest differently and certain disorders may only be found in some cultures.

A) cultural universality; cultural relativism
B) cultural relativism; cultural universality
C) cultural relativism; cultural constellation
D) cultural diversity; cultural universality

Question 35

The most fruitful approach to using multicultural criteria is to rely on ____.

A) neither cultural universality nor cultural relativism
B) the cultural relativism approach
C) the cultural universality approach
D) some combination of cultural relativism and cultural universality

Question 36

Mel took out a gun and threatened a fellow student, stating that he intended to kill him. Mel's statements illustrate ____.

A) delusions
B) disorientation
C) dangerousness
D) hallucinations

Question 37

Teresa, normally an energetic mother of three small children, is suddenly unable to go shopping, prepare meals, or even dress her children. Teresa's behavior illustrates the practical definition of abnormality called ____.

A) disorientation
B) discomfort
C) dysfunction
D) deviance

Question 38

Jack carries on conversations with creatures only he can see in a language that no one else can understand. Jack says the creatures instruct him to crush insects that only Jack can see. Jack is experiencing ____.

A) delusions
B) discomfort
C) hallucinations
D) disorientation

Question 39

Dr. Henry conducts an epidemiological study to assess the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in the United States. Dr. Henry is assessing ____.

A) the percentage of people in the United States who suffer from schizophrenia
B) the number of people in the United States who have had schizophrenia within a certain period of time
C) the total proportion of people in the United States who have ever suffered from schizophrenia
D) the age of onset for people in the United States who have schizophrenia

Question 40

"You must understand the values and expectations of the society in which behavior occurs before you decide that abnormality exists." This quote best reflects which view of abnormality?

A) traditional
B) cultural relativism
C) epidemiological
D) cultural universality

Question 41

Which condition is most common in the United States?

A) schizophrenia
B) anxiety
C) mood
D) substance abuse

Question 42

A researcher who investigates the specific periods of time when individuals have a particular disorder is studying the ____ of the disorder.

A) incidence
B) prevalence
C) lifetime prevalence
D) criteria

Question 43

Researchers in the United States have found that ____.

A) the rate of mental disorders in the population has been steadily decreasing over the past 50 years
B) adolescents and adults are equally likely to suffer from anxiety disorders
C) women are more likely than men to suffer from mental disorders
D) almost half of adolescents diagnosed with one disorder meet the criteria for a second disorder

Question 44

Dr. Chu reports that "mental patients are no more dangerous than other people." What does research suggest about the doctor's statement?

A) Research shows that there is no correlation between mental patients and dangerousness.
B) Research shows that patients are considerably more dangerous than others in the population.
C) Research shows that individuals with dual diagnoses are slightly more dangerous than other patients.
D) Research shows that mental patients are actually less dangerous than are others in the population.

Question 45

Psychiatric epidemiology ____ our understanding of the factors that contribute to the occurrence of specific mental disorders.

A) restricts
B) does not affect
C) confuses
D) improves

Question 46

Many psychological problems stem from situations that are not under an individual's control. This fact counters the myth that ____.

A) mental illness is incurable
B) mental patients are usually dangerous
C) most mental disorders are caused by inherited biological defects
D) mental illness is caused by weak personal willpower

Question 47

In some non-Western societies today, headaches, depression, and seizures are all believed to be caused by offended ancestral spirits or by evil forces that possess the sufferer. This type of explanation is called ____.

A) naturalism
B) demonology
C) trephining
D) exorcism

Question 48

Jason says, "Mental illness is not based on voluntary, controllable behaviors." Jason's remark ____.

A) contradicts the myth that people are responsible for their condition
B) supports the myth that mentally disturbed people can use willpower to recover
C) supports the myth that mental illness runs in families
D) contradicts the myth that mentally disturbed people can cure themselves

Question 49

One finding of the Merikangas et al. (2010) epidemiological study is that ____.

A) males and females tend to differ in the kinds of disorders they experience
B) adolescents have a lower rate of mood disorders than adults
C) almost 50 percent of adolescents meet criteria for at least one psychological disorder
D) people living in rural areas have a much higher incidence of mental disorders than do people living in urban areas

Question 50

Which statement about psychiatric disorders in the United States is accurate ?

A) Depression and anxiety are more common in men than in women.
B) Compared to adults, a larger percentage of children have anxiety disorders.
C) Twenty-five percent of adults suffer from a diagnosable mental health disorder in a given year.
D) Phobias are more common in the elderly than in the young.

Question 51

Eli refuses to let his daughter marry Avi because Avi's brother suffers from depression. Eli believes that his daughter could be killed by Avi's brother. Eli believes which myth about mental illness?

A) Mental disorders are transmitted by touch.
B) We can easily identify people with mental disorders.
C) People with mental disorders cannot be cured.
D) People with mental disorders are dangerous.

Question 52

Which statement regarding the causes of mental disorders is accurate ?

A) Mental health disorders are caused by weakness in the individual.
B) In most disorders, environmental factors have little influence; heredity is the predominant cause.
C) Heredity has little influence on disorders such as schizophrenia and mental retardation.
D) Even though mental illnesses have biological causes, many people blame the person for the illness.

Question 53

According to Merikangas et al. (2010), what percent of adults suffer from serious psychological disorders such as schizophrennia in a given year?

A) 5 percent
B) 8 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 32 percent

Question 54

Throughout history, most popular ideas about abnormal behavior have been ____.

A) rooted in the beliefs of a given time period and society
B) based on religious dogma of the day
C) rooted in supernatural explanations
D) based on scientific evidence

Question 55

Morgan is a highly respected teacher and poet whose works have been published in three languages. He also suffers from bipolar disorder and has never been successfully treated. This case ____.

A) supports the claim that mental disorders are usually the result of bad parenting and past traumatic experiences
B) contradicts the claim that people with mental disorders cannot contribute until they are cured
C) contradicts the claim that mentally disturbed people are recognizable
D) supports the idea that mentally disturbed people can never function normally or hold down jobs

Question 56

Professor Martin, a historian who studies ancient cultures, would likely suggest that prehistoric societies attributed mental illness to ____.

A) social stressors
B) sorcery
C) chemical imbalance
D) biological disequilibrium

Question 57

At one time, Abraham Lincoln, William James, news anchor Mike Wallace, and author J.K. Rowling each suffered from a mental disorder. Consequently, their examples contradict the myth that ____.

A) mentally disordered people must have had bad parents
B) mental illness makes a person useless
C) mentally disturbed people must have inherited their disorders
D) mentally disordered people only need to exercise willpower to recover

Question 58

What information will prevalence data provide?

A) the cost of mental health services
B) the number of people who do not seek treatment
C) the types of treatment available
D) the age of individuals with a particular disorder

Question 59

Which statement about the burden of mental disorders is accurate ?

A) Incidence is associated with negative attitudes about mental illness.
B) "Mental health problems" that do not meet criteria for a mental disorder could be as equally debilitating as a diagnosable mental health disorders if treated inadequately.
C) Half of the people who suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder are neither seeking nor receiving mental health services.
D) Spending on mental health services has increased exponentially.

Question 60

Research shows that in the United States, adolescents suffer from ____ more than other mental health issues.

A) anxiety disorders
B) schizophrenia
C) impulse control
D) personality disorders

Question 61

The first naturalistic explanation of abnormal behavior can be traced to ____.

A) early twentieth century psychosurgery
B) Philippe Pinel in eighteenth-century Paris
C) Hippocrates in ancient Greece
D) Galen in ancient Rome

Question 62

The early Christian Church believed that ____.

A) demons could be released through the cathartic method
B) many behaviors we call mental disorders were the result of supernatural forces
C) science was the most effective way to understand abnormal human behavior
D) abnormal behavior was primarily the result of biological abnormality

Question 63

"I reject the idea of witchcraft. Disturbed people are sick people who deserve our sympathy, not torture and death." Who would have been most likely to say these words?

A) Pope Innocent VIII
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) John B. Watson
D) Johann Weyer

Question 64

In treating the mentally disturbed, moral therapists were likely to make use of which of the following?

A) antipsychotic medications
B) controls such as chains, starvation, restraints, and hot baths
C) mesmerism
D) prayer, work, kindness, and talking out problems

Question 65

Imagine that half the clerical employees in one building of a school begin to have headaches, feel agitated, scratch themselves furiously, feel numbness in their fingers, and faint. There is no biological explanation. This incident would most likely be seen by psychologists as an example of ____.

A) mass madness
B) exorcism
C) hypnotic susceptibility
D) mesmerism

Question 66

Exorcism involves ____.

A) increasing one's activity level so that, by becoming fit, a person's body can recover from a physical or mental illness
B) chipping a hole in the skull of a person believed to be possessed by demons
C) praying and chanting over or flogging and starving a person to cast evil spirits out of the body
D) examining the brains of people who have severe mental disorders

Question 67

What was the Malleus Maleficarum ?

A) a compilation of all medical knowledge regarding abnormal behavior from the Greeks and Romans
B) a description of how to treat madness in the Dark Ages
C) a guide to building hospitals for the mentally ill that were more humane
D) a guidebook for identifying and exterminating witches

Question 68

Historians of the witchcraft age concluded that ____.

A) the mentally ill were especially prone to being perceived as witches
B) few people were ever accused of being witches and almost none were killed
C) many witches were actually intellectually disabled, not mentally disordered
D) almost all witches were mentally disordered

Question 69

Who ordered the chains to be removed from inmates at a mental asylum and is considered a founder of the moral treatment movement?

A) Clifford Beers
B) Johann Weyer
C) Philippe Pinel
D) Dorothea Dix

Question 70

The humanistic movement of the Renaissance ____.

A) emphasized the value of the cathartic method
B) presented the first biogenic theory of abnormal behavior in recorded history
C) challenged the notion of demonic possession
D) led directly to deinstitutionalization of mentally disordered individuals

Question 71

"Your sadness is what I call melancholia. It is a problem with your brain, the cure for which is abstinence from sex, rest, and, if necessary, the removal of some of your bad blood." During what era would this advice most likely have been given?

A) sixteenth-century Paris, France
B) prehistoric times
C) ancient Greece
D) the Dark Ages

Question 72

Which statement below concerning witchcraft is accurate ?

A) At first, the church made no distinctions between types of demonic possession.
B) Witchcraft became a way of explaining peculiar behavior when the church was under  attack.
C) The church tried to stop people from accusing deviant people of being witches.
D) The treatment for witchcraft typically involved prayers, gentle persuasion, and sympathy.

Question 73

This individual practiced medicine in Rome and related mental illness to the brain and central nervous system. His greatest contribution may have been compiling all medical knowledge from Hippocrates' time to his own. Who is he?

A) Pinel
B) Mesmer
C) Weyer
D) Galen

Question 74

During what period of time would a behavior disorder most likely be treated with the surgical method called trephining?

A) The Stone Age
B) Biblical times
C) The Golden Age of Greece
D) The 19th and 20th centuries

Question 75

During the Middle Ages, mental illness was ____.

A) based on a disease model
B) handled with care and humane treatment
C) based on scientific principles
D) seen as a manifestation of God's will

Question 76

Imagine that you could use a time machine to travel back to the thirteenth century. You see groups of people in a village jumping, dancing, and having convulsions in the town square. All over Europe, you find similar groups of raving people. You would have witnessed the ____.

A) phenomenon called trephining
B) mass madness called St. Vitus's Dance
C) phenomenon called lycanthropy
D) mass madness called mesmerism

Question 77

Humanism is the ____.

A) scientific study of behavior
B) philosophical movement that emphasizes human welfare and individual uniqueness
C) biological theory of abnormal behavior first used by the ancient Greeks
D) name the Catholic Church gave to the practice of identifying and executing individuals they believed were witches

Question 78

"Although I lived in a different country than Philippe Pinel, I also worked to establish moral treatment for mental patients." Who might have said this?

A) William Tuke
B) Galen
C) Jean-Martin Charcot
D) Friedrich Anton Mesmer

Question 79

Trephining refers to the process of ____.

A) putting leaches on the body to remove bad blood
B) making a person chant and pray to drive out evil spirits
C) changing one's diet to improve one's physical and mental health
D) boring a hole in the skull to let demons escape

Question 80

Suppose an archaeologist unearthed an ancient Greek document that contained instructions for the treatment of mental disorders such as melancholia and mania. What would the writing probably say?

A) "Hypnotize the person and encourage the person to express his or her negative emotions."
B) "Have the family treat the person with rest, good diet, and moderate exercise."
C) "Treat the person as you would a witch."
D) "Take a sharp stone and cut a hole in the person's skull to let out the evil demons."