Deck 24: Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism

Question 1

The Janissary corps was officially disbanded when

A)the Battle of Navarino saw them fail to protect the Ottoman Empire's navy.
B)they were systematically defeated in the battle for Greek independence and committed suicide rather than face dishonor.
C)the French army of Napoleon defeated them in Constantinople.
D)the Russians defeated them in the Crimean War.
E)the sultan secretly trained a new artillery unit, which bombarded the Janissaries' barracks.

Answer 1

the sultan secretly trained a new artillery unit, which bombarded the Janissaries' barracks.

Question 2

The ulama opposed Selim III's reforms because

A)they did not want to lose their military power.
B)Selim had recognized Napoleon as emperor.
C)of the power Selim had granted to the Janissaries.
D)they feared the secularization of law and taxation.
E)Selim wanted to eliminate Islam.

Answer 2

they feared the secularization of law and taxation.

Question 3

Serbia became essentially independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1805

A)because the Ottoman Empire was busy suppressing the Greek uprising.
B)but it was reabsorbed two decades later.
C)after Russian threats prevented the Ottomans from disarming Serbians following a Janissary revolt.
D)because Mohammad Ali recalled the Janissaries to Egypt.
E)by assassinating Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Answer 3

after Russian threats prevented the Ottomans from disarming Serbians following a Janissary revolt.

Question 4

Charitable trusts reflecting wealthy women's wishes

A)were invalidated as a matter of Islamic law.
B)required a woman to sell her personal property if she failed to produce offspring.
C)encouraged women to retain family property for her sons.
D)were abrogated under secular reforms that removed decision making from religious courts.
E)were significantly influenced by women's rights in western traditions.

Question 5

The violently and persistently opposed Ottoman reform efforts.

A)Greeks
B)Janissaries
C)ulama
D)Serbs
E)Tanzimat

Question 6

The war for Greek independence resulted in the

A)defeat of the Greek revolutionaries and the execution of all traitors.
B)execution of the sultan.
C)defeat of the Ottoman fleet by the combined Russian, British, and French forces.
D)collapse of the Egyptian monarchy.
E)complete destruction of the Ottoman Empire.

Question 7

What term describes the right of foreign residents to be subject to the laws of their home, but not their host, country?

A)extraterritoriality
B)tanzimat
C)treaty port
D)diplomatic immunity
E)most-favored nation status

Question 8

The root cause of the Crimean War was the Ottoman Empire's goal, supported by the British and the French, to thwart

A)Russia's desire to expand south through the Black Sea region.
B)Russia's desire to spread Orthodox Christianity throughout the Ottoman Empire.
C)Ottoman domination of Serbia.
D)Russia's desire to control Constantinople (Istanbul).
E)Russia's siding with Greece during the 1829 independence movement.

Question 9

Russian allies in the Crimean War against the Ottoman Empire included

A)England.
B)France.
C)Italy.
D)South Africa.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 10

After the war for Greek independence, Mahmud II

A)created a new artillery unit and bombarded the Janissaries.
B)eliminated the power of the religious elite.
C)restructured the bureaucracy, education, and laws.
D)made alliances with western Europe.
E)attacked Persia.

Question 11

Who became the leader of Egypt after the failure of the French, Mamluk, and Ottoman governments?

A)Gamal Nasser
B)Mohandas K. Gandhi
C)Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
D)Muhammad Ali
E)Anwar Sadat

Question 12

Muhammad Ali adopted many practices in rebuilding the Egyptian state.

A)French
B)Ottoman
C)English
D)Russian
E)Qing

Question 13

Ottoman soldiers and civil officials adopted the fez, which was a type of

A)rifle.
B)cap.
C)cloak.
D)prayer mat.
E)shoe.

Question 14

Tanzimat means

A)privacy.
B)purity.
C)faithful.
D)legal.
E)reorganization.

Question 15

Ottoman reforms

A)may have decreased the influence of women in society.
B)provided new universities for female students.
C)made women equal to men under the law.
D)provided women with greater job opportunities.
E)did not change women's position in society.

Question 16

Which of the following Tanzimat reforms are examples of westernization?

A)Styles of military uniform
B)Formation of a civil service brigade
C)Secularization of the legal codes
D)Expansion of civil courts with equal access for all men
E)All of these are correct.

Question 17

Under Tanzimat, the shari'a retained legal control over which area?

A)military law
B)dommercial law
C)family law
D)civil rights law
E)civil procedure

Question 18

Which of the following did not receive favorable coverage from the British press in the Crimean War?

A)Florence Nightingale
B)Tsar Nicholas
C)Charles "Chinese" Gordon
D)Mary Seacole
E)All of these are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following were among the earliest reforms of the Ottoman Empire?

A)creation of European-style military units
B)standardization of taxation
C)controlling the provincial governors
D)standardization of land tenure
E)All of these are correct.

Question 20

The significance of the Crimean War was that it

A)marked the transition to modern warfare with the use of breech-loading rifles.
B)was the first war that utilized battalions of African soldiers in Europe.
C)marked the end of the "age of innocence."
D)was the most destructive war in human history.
E)marked a brief return to chivalry.

Question 21

Despite the fact that exports of soared during the American Civil War, the Ottoman government did not reap the benefits.

A)tobacco
B)opium
C)cotton
D)rifles
E)petroleum

Question 22

Pan-Slavism was the doctrine

A)of diminishing economic returns.
B)of freedom for all serfs.
C)that Slavic peoples were inherently superior.
D)that advocated the unity of all Slavic peoples through military means.
E)that advocated the unity of all Slavic peoples through peaceful means.

Question 23

Which tsar emancipated the serfs?

A)Peter the Great
B)Alexander I
C)Alexander II
D)Nicholas I
E)Catherine the Great

Question 24

A significant impediment to Russian economic modernization was

A)restrictions on work times imposed by the Orthodox Church.
B)relative nonexistence of the middle classes.
C)the perpetuation of serfdom.
D)complete lack of an educational system.
E)demonization of the reform efforts of Peter the Great still lingered in the nobility.

Question 25

In 1700, what percent of Russians lived in cities?

A)Three
B)Six
C)Ten
D)Fifty
E)Seventy-five

Question 26

The main force opposing westernization in Russia was

A)Slavophiles.
B)Decembrists.
C)student clubs.
D)Orthodox church advocates.
E)the nobility.

Question 27

Population pressures in China during the late Qing Empire were caused by

A)doubling of the population in the space of 250 years.
B)a permanent floating population of unemployed and homeless people.
C)imperial expansion of open lands for farming and transportation.
D)doubling of the population and permanent floating population of unemployed and homeless
E)All of these are correct.

Question 28

When Tsar Alexander I died in 1825, reformers in the military provoked

A)a confrontation with Japan that resulted in the Russo-Japanese War.
B)a border war with China.
C)a failed uprising called the "Decembrist Revolt."
D)the secretary of the defense into resigning.
E)widespread rebellion among the nobility.

Question 29

Intellectuals pressing for reform in Russia wanted which of the following?

A)a constitution
B)freedom of the press
C)liberation of the serfs
D)reorganization of the imperial bureaucracy
E)All of these are correct.

Question 30

The Russian government viewed industrialization

A)as a necessary evil.
B)as the wave of the future.
C)as a sign of the decline of respect for religious authority.
D)as a potential environmental disaster waiting to happen.
E)with limited interest, preferring to import industrial goods.

Question 31

The British military advantage in the Opium War was provided by

A)poison gas attacks.
B)new gunboats.
C)tank divisions.
D)the machine gun.
E)large numbers of troops.

Question 32

The Opium War exposed the fact that the Qing land forces, the Bannermen, were, like the janissaries of the Ottoman Empire,

A)overpowering.
B)well trained but poorly led.
C)obsolete.
D)able to use martial arts to defeat the British navy.
E)traitors.

Question 33

"Most-favored-nation status" meant that

A)any beneficial opportunities extended by China to another nation had to be offered to Britain as well.
B)the British gained a monopoly on trade with China.
C)China would allow missionaries from Britain only.
D)China and Britain obtained bilateral rights to attend each other's universities.
E)Britain was attempting to promote competition among Asian nations to see who would compete for British trade.

Question 34

When the Qing banned the importation of , the British sent naval and marine forces.

A)cotton
B)coffee
C)sugar
D)rice
E)opium

Question 35

Which of the following were results of the Treaty of Nanking?

A)Hong Kong became a British colony.
B)British residents were granted extraterritoriality.
C)The British opened five Chinese "treaty ports."
D)The Qing paid 21 million ounces of silver to England.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 36

Russian imperial expansion in the eighteenth century was east toward the Pacific, while in the nineteenth century it was focused on which direction?

A)West
B)North
C)South
D)None of these are correct.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 37

What was the major reason the Russian state resisted industrialization?

A)There wasa deep suspicion of western ideas, especially liberalism and socialism.
B)It was trying to initiate a communist revolution first.
C)Long-term disputes with Germany led to reluctance to use German advisers.
D)Serfs could not learn how to run machines.
E)Local landowners feared losing their labor force if peasants left the fields to go to factories.

Question 38

Significant decline in Ottoman trade happened when

A)Anatolia produced few exports.
B)the Ottoman empire overspent on the Suez Canal project.
C)Islamic clerics refused to legalize coffee and alcohol trade.
D)British opium trade superseded Turkish opium and hashish.
E)it signed a trade monopoly on certain products with Russia.

Question 39

Which of the following were factors hindering reforms in Russia?

A)Lack of urbanization
B)Predominance of agriculture
C)Poor transportation opportunities
D)Diversity of languages proscribing unification
E)All of these are correct.

Question 40

The stresses that led to the Taiping Rebellion in the Guangxi region were initially a result of

A)severe loss of rural population.
B)foreign intrusion.
C)social unhappiness.
D)unstable food supply
E)All of the above.

Question 41

What militant political doctrine advocated unity of all the Slavic peoples?

Question 42

Describe the role Muhammad Ali had on Egyptian history in the post-Napoleonic era.

Question 43

Instructions: Answer the following question(s).
What were the origins and results of Greek independence for the Ottoman Empire?

Question 44

The founder of the Taiping (Great Peace)Movement, Hong Xiquan, saw himself as the younger brother of

A)Jesus.
B)Confucius.
C)Muhammad.
D)Abraham.
E)Buddha.

Question 45

The Janissary revolt in Serbia and the execution of Selim III taught Ottoman leaders that reform had to be more systematic. The Ottoman response was the Tanzimat. Describe those reforms and evaluate their effectiveness.

Question 46

What was the "Eastern Question" and how did it bring about European and Russian intervention in Ottoman affairs?

Question 47

Discuss the factors within China and among the Chinese people that explain the powerful British presence in China by 1842.

Question 48

In what sense can the Crimean conflict be thought of as the first modern war?

Question 49

As was often common in empires in Asia, a major problem for modernization and economics in Qing China was .

Question 50

The Taiping Rebellion

A)was known as the "bloodless" civil war.
B)succeeded in its goal to Christianize China.
C)was a gambit designed to lure French and British forces to their destruction.
D)was the world's bloodiest civil war.
E)never actually took place.

Question 51

Which Ottoman emperor tried to introduce reforms at the end of the eighteenth century?

Question 52

Nineteenth-century Qing China suffered from both foreign intrusion and social unrest. What was the most obvious demonstration of the Chinese people's dissatisfaction at midcentury? Explain in detail the causes and results of that unrest.

Question 53

Which of the following are true of women under the Taiping?

A)They were organized into military brigades.
B)They were ordered not to follow traditional foot-binding.
C)They participated fully in farming.
D)women had their own brigade
E)All of these are correct.

Question 54

The challenges that land-based Eurasian empires faced from European sea-based empires were very similar. The solutions they attempted were not. Compare the situations of the Ottoman and Qing Empires in the nineteenth century and their responses to the European challenge.

Question 55

Chinese attempts to restrict trade in what product led to war Britain?