Deck 27: The New Power Balance

Question 1

The most important duty of middle class women was considered

A)teaching.
B)supporting her husband by creating a happy domestic sphere.
C)maintaining moral and spiritual purity.
D)raising children.
E)contributing to the household economy.

Answer 1

raising children.

Question 2

Most railways were built by European or American engineers with equipment from the West. The exception to this was in

A)Japan.
B)China.
C)Mexico.
D)India.
E)Russia.

Answer 2

Japan.

Question 3

Late-nineteenth-century Victorian morality dictated that men and women

A)belong in factories.
B)belong in comparable social spheres.
C)belong in "separate spheres."
D)should be involved in politics.
E)should be in a competitive relationship.

Answer 3

belong in "separate spheres."

Question 4

The chemical dye industry hurt tropical nations such as India and Latin America because

A)of those nations' textile industries.
B)the industry exploited workers in those countries.
C)those nations grew the most indigo.
D)of the environmental impact of dye factories.
E)Indians and other tropical peoples could not afford chemical dyes.

Question 5

Families were considered middle class only if they

A)had a second home.
B)were college-educated.
C)did not work with their hands.
D)owned their own horses.
E)employed a full-time servant.

Question 6

Which of the following was not an impact of railroad development?

A)deforestation
B)rapid spread of market agriculture
C)vast consumption of lumber
D)increase in city size
E)decrease in immigration

Question 7

The "annihilation of time and space," extolled by the public and the press, referred especially to

A)the development of aircraft.
B)submarine telegraph cables.
C)transcontinental railroads.
D)the science fiction musings of H. G. Wells.
E)an accurate clock.

Question 8

One of the main causes of the growing interdependence of the global economy was the financial power of

A)Great Britain.
B)Germany.
C)United States.
D)China.
E)Japan.

Question 9

Nitroglycerin turned into a stable solid was called

A)hydrogen.
B)napalm.
C)gunpowder.
D)dynamite.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 10

Which term not only refers to a ruler but also rules of behavior and an ideology of family and gender relations?

A)Elizabethan Era
B)Victorian Age
C)Gilded Age
D)Darwin's Destiny
E)Lincoln's Legacy

Question 11

Care and support of the new infrastructure by municipal governments included which of the following?

A)police protection
B)fire protection
C)garbage removal
D)health inspectors
E)All of these are correct.

Question 12

New models of urban development laid out city plans modeled after

A)Chicago.
B)London.
C)Paris.
D)Buenos Aires.
E)St. Petersburg.

Question 13

No innovation of the late nineteenth century changed people's lives as much as

A)steel.
B)telegraph cables.
C)electricity.
D)railroads.
E)dynamite.

Question 14

The increase in the number of Europeans overseas was largely due to

A)a drop in the death rate.
B)epidemic disease in Europe.
C)famine and starvation.
D)plague spreading in Europe.
E)the abolition of serfdom in Russia.

Question 15

As a result of immigration, between 185 and 1910, the population of northern America increased by almost

A)half.
B)three-quarters.
C)twice.
D)fourfold.
E)tenfold.

Question 16

The negative environmental effects of nineteenth-century industrialization included which of the following?

A)Smoke and particulate matter polluting the air
B)Large piles of waste product and slag left behind
C)Chemical and dye materials dumped into the rivers
D)Deforestation and reduction of agriculture for areas used for mining coal, iron, and limestone
E)All of these are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following colonies boasted one of the world's largest railroad network?

A)Bermuda
B)India
C)Nigeria
D)Congo
E)Liberia

Question 18

Which of the following are ways that cities in industrial nations changed their character in the nineteenth century?

A)Railroads with regular schedules brought food and commuters into the cities to work.
B)Police and fire departments were created.
C)Sanitation improved and death rates decreased.
D)City planning was used.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 19

The most important technological innovation for improved urban health was

A)gas lamps.
B)electric streetcars and subways.
C)paved roadways for transport and travel.
D)pipes for water and sewage.
E)apartment buildings.

Question 20

How was ocean shipping transformed by the mid-nineteenth century?

A)There were more efficient, powerful engines.
B)The average size of freighters increased from 200 to 7,500 tons.
C)Steel replaced wooden hulls.
D)Propellers replaced paddle wheels.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 21

When the typewriter and telephone were first used in business in the 1880s,

A)businessmen found that they could get better work at lower wages from educated women.
B)only men could use them.
C)they created new jobs for immigrant workers.
D)widespread job losses resulted.
E)they were a failure because people feared new inventions.

Question 22

The most successful leader of Italian unification efforts was the fiery revolutionary

A)Pope Pius IX.
B)Giuseppe Mazzinni.
C)Giuseppe Garabaldi.
D)Camillo Cavour.
E)Benito Mussolini.

Question 23

Suffragists lobbied for which reform of women's lives?

A)equal wages
B)the right to vote
C)elimination of prostitution
D)access to universities
E)workers' rights

Question 24

What ideology questioned the sanctity of private property?

A)capitalism
B)socialism
C)manichaeism
D)mercantilism
E)liberalism

Question 25

Karl Marx asserted the resources of government and industry could

A)be appropriate for profit in business.
B)be harnessed to end poverty and injustice.
C)not maintain proper cost of goods in the marketplace.
D)be used to allow business owners able to put into the bank.
E)None of the above

Question 26

A conflict between men and women in radical political movements resulted in

A)working class women had little time for politics.
B)Emma Goldman and Rosa Luxemburg attracted a few followers.
C)the reluctant realization that women's liberation would have to come second to workers' rights.
D)exclusion from trade unions and radical political parties.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 27

Until the 1860s nationalism was closely associated with

A)liberalism.
B)socialism.
C)anarchist.
D)communism.
E)fascism.

Question 28

Which of the following was not an anarchist act?

A)the Haymarket bombing
B)the bombing of a Corpus Christi celebration
C)the expulsion of Mikhail Bakunin
D)the shooting of President McKinley
E)the assassination of Empress Elizabeth

Question 29

The revolutions of 1848 convinced conservative politicians that

A)use of the media was the most important tool in swaying public sentiment.
B)rubber bullets were an effective deterrent to rioters.
C)they could not keep the people out of politics forever.
D)democracy was an unworkable system.
E)the common person should never participate in politics.

Question 30

According to Marx, the end of worker exploitation would occur when

A)"scientific socialism" was proven by the intellectuals.
B)war broke down barriers of nationalism and included colonist countries.
C)free democracy replaced all entrenched monarchies in Europe.
D)workers would revolt and create a dictatorship of the proletariat.
E)war broke out and the Western industrialized, Christian world conquered the East.

Question 31

The most influential idea of the nineteenth century was nationalism which

A)was defined as a community unified by history and culture.
B)was a force for unity in Europe.
C)hastened the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
D)hastened the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 32

A significant point of dispute between France and Germany was

A)Germany's seizure of Alsace and Lorraine.
B)Germany's assault on French naval supremacy.
C)Germany's desire that France get out of Africa.
D)Germany's support for Alfred Dreyfus.
E)France's insistence that Strasbourg speak French.

Question 33

The nineteenth-century movement that defended workers against their employers was

A)social Darwinism.
B)liberalism.
C)the labor union movement.
D)millenarianism.
E)the Wobblies.

Question 34

Which of the following was not a suffragist?

A)Emmeline Pankhurst
B)Susan B. Anthony
C)Elizabeth Cady Stanton
D)Queen Victoria
E)None of these are correct.

Question 35

In which of the following did universal male suffrage first become law?

A)France
B)The United States
C)England
D)Germany
E)Iceland

Question 36

Which of the following are ways that working-class women earned money to support the family?

A)doing piecework such as sewing and making lace, hats, or gloves
B)doing laundry for people
C)taking in boarders
D)doing domestic service or factory work
E)All of these are correct.

Question 37

Bismarck's plan to unite most German-speaking people into a single state focused on using

A)liberalism and language.
B)Prussian industry and German nationalism.
C)religion and conservatism.
D)ethnicity and race.
E)democracy and liberalism.

Question 38

Who called his ideology "scientific socialism"?

A)Charles Darwin
B)Karl Marx
C)Albert Einstein
D)Mikhail Bakunin.
E)Friedrich Engels

Question 39

By 1900, which of the following countries had the largest union membership?

A)Great Britain
B)South Africa
C)Russia
D)Germany
E)The United States

Question 40

Urban planning methods in replacing old, crowded cities included

A)organizing neighborhoods according to immigrant nationality.
B)laying out new cities, such as Chicago, on rectangular grids.
C)maintaining traditional streets to appeal to national historical memory.
D)creating "planned communities" with all amenities within walking distance of miniature villages.
E)removing vestiges of medieval town halls.

Question 41

One of the most significant reforms undertaken by Japan's Meiji oligarchs was

A)building a military aristocracy.
B)opening schools to train Japanese students in Western science and technology.
C)limiting the power of the emperor.
D)adopting Marxist economic policies.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 42

Why did the populations of Euro-American cities grow so fast between 1850 and 1914, and how did technological transformation in those cities affect urban life?

Question 43

The Meiji copied the government structure of

A)the United States.
B)China.
C)Korea.
D)Russia.
E)Germany.

Question 44

Nationalism weakened rather than strengthened which of the following countries in the late nineteenth century?

A)Britain and France
B)Russia and Austria-Hungary
C)Germany and Italy
D)Italy and Spain
E)Spain and Portugal

Question 45

The Boxer Uprising was a series of riots

A)encouraged by Chinese officials against foreign presence.
B)that rid China of the Japanese presence.
C)that placed Japan under direct military control.
D)that clearly demonstrated Japanese nationalism.
E)that demonstrated the support for Christianity in China.

Question 46

The southern Japanese provincial leaders of Choshu and Satsuma found the most effective strategy to protect Japan against foreigners was

A)development of gunboats.
B)consolidation of their forces to overthrow the shogunate.
C)to copy the Tanzimat reforms.
D)embrace westernization in all forms.
E)None of these

Question 47

Which of the following was not a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905?

A)Humiliation of the outdated Japanese military and the stripping of Japanese colonies in Asia.
B)Tsar Nicholas II was forced to grant a constitution.
C)Tsar Nicholas was forced to permit an elected parliament.
D)The Russian fleet was triumphant.
E)Tsar Nicholas soon reverted to his traditional despotism.

Question 48

In Tokugawa Japan, the served a largely religious function and had no effective political power.

A)bureaucracy
B)shoguns
C)emperor
D)daimyos
E)merchants

Question 49

Leaders of Meiji Japan planned to remain free from Western imperialism by centralization, imperialism, and

A)negotiating with Western diplomats.
B)restricting Western access to Japan.
C)keeping out all foreign influences.
D)becoming a world-class industrial power.
E)using propaganda to make Japanese people hostile to Westerners.

Question 50

Instructions: Answer the following question(s).
New technologies in the latter half of the nineteenth century revolutionized everyday life and transformed the world's economy. What were some of those new technologies, and how did they affect society?

Question 51

The Meiji rulers sought to strengthen Japan by

A)attacking the United States naval bases in Korea.
B)embracing foreign ideas, institutions, and techniques.
C)defeating Russia in the Russo-Japanese War.
D)rejecting all foreign ideas and restoring traditional Japanese customs.
E)increasing family values.

Question 52

A significant source of conflict between Russia and Austro-Hungary was

A)Austria's attempts to dominate the Balkans, which undercut Russia's role as "protector" of the Slavic peoples.
B)Austro-Hungary eyeing territories along the Black Sea in anticipation of the demise of the Ottomans.
C)Austrian annexation of Albania.
D)Austria trying to dominate Christians in the Ottoman Empire, which Russia felt was its domain because of Orthodoxy.
E)Austria declaring an open-border policy to Jews escaping Russian persecution.

Question 53

Japan's plan for imperialism as defined by Yamagata Aritomo was to control a "sphere of influence" comprised all of the following EXCEPT

A)Manchuria.
B)Korea.
C)part of China.
D)Taiwan.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 54

The Treaty of Kanagawa of 1854

A)was modeled on the unequal treaties that the West had with China.
B)opened Japan and Korea to the United States.
C)settled the Opium War.
D)put an end to the Taiping Rebellion.
E)put an end to the Sepoy Mutiny.

Question 55

Who demanded that Japan open its ports for refueling of and trade with American shipping?

A)Robert Clive
B)Matthew Perry
C)Cecil Rhodes
D)Tsar Nicholas
E)Benjamin Disraeli

Question 56

Industrialization in Russia took significantly longer because

A)wealthy landowners blocked most reforms in Russia.
B)Tsars were suspicious and conservative.
C)there was almost no commercial middle class in Russia.
D)serfdom was the predominant labor model until 1861.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 57

What country pursued a policy of "splendid isolation" for most of the nineteenth century?

A)United States
B)Great Britain
C)Russia
D)France
E)Japan

Question 58

Which philosopher warped Darwinism to apply "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest" to the history of human societies?

A)Karl Marx
B)Herbert Spencer
C)Toyoda Sakichi
D)Charles Darwin
E)None of these are correct.

Question 59

The early-twentieth-century Chinese plan for reform, though tried in vain, was the

A)Mandate of Heaven.
B)"self-strengthening movement."
C)Cixi reforms.
D)imperial restoration.
E)Great Leap Forward.

Question 60

Once government-owned industries in Japan became profitable,

A)the profits were used to subsidize farmers.
B)the company was turned over to workers' control.
C)they were sold to private investors.
D)they were placed under the military.
E)they were divided into shares and given to the poorest Japanese citizens.

Question 61

Describe the role of nationalism in the creation of Germany, both before and after 1871. Include a summary of liberal and conservative nationalism in your answer.

Question 62

Explain the reasons for mass migrations during the late nineteenth century.

Question 63

What were the repercussions of the Treaty of Kanagawa?

Question 64

Knowledge sought from around the world was the foundation of which country's imperial policy?

Question 65

Compare and contrast the influence of Europe and the United States on China and Japan between 1850 and 1914.

Question 66

Why was it so difficult for Russia to achieve industrialization and reform?

Question 67

Describe the origins and aims of labor movements and socialist politics in the late nineteenth century.

Question 68

German Nationalists in the nineteenth century were split between which areas as the focus of centralization?

Question 69

What technology was key to the rapid rise in migration and immigration?

Question 70

Describe the lives of upper-, middle-, and working-class women in English-speaking countries between 1850 and 1914.