Deck 1: Crime and Justice in America.

Question 1

FBI data show that crime is not continually increasing.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The administration of justice in a democracy differs from that in an authoritarian state in the nature and extent of the protections provided for an accused person while guilt is determined and punishment imposed.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Crime policies are often enacted that are popular,but do little to actually reduce crime.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The UCR and NCVS do not provide a clear picture of the amount of crime because of the differences in the way that each measures crime.

Question 5

High-profile criminal cases are an accurate picture of the nature of crime in the United States.

Question 6

In a democracy,it is easy to maintain public order and protect individual freedom.

Question 7

The due process model is not concerned with freedom or liberty.

Question 8

In Western democracies,there are relatively few political crimes.

Question 9

Politicians often try to be "tough on crime" without fully understanding the costs and consequences of such policies.

Question 10

In studying criminal justice,it is easy to keep track of crime because of the availability of accurate data.

Question 11

All countries of the world have the same definitions of rape as a crime.

Question 12

Legislators write and approve laws in their desire to address problems,please the public,and gain reelection.

Question 13

Italian Americans are responsible for all organized crime.

Question 14

Conservatives believe in strict enforcement of the law by expanding police forces.

Question 15

The crime control model assumes that the criminal justice system operates to emphasize efforts to repress crime.

Question 16

Misdemeanors are usually punished by sentences of more than one year in prison.

Question 17

The risk of lethal violence is much higher in the United States than in other industrial democracies.

Question 18

Most types of occupational crime are profitable and do not come to the public's attention.

Question 19

American laws reflect the desire to prevent unnecessary deprivations of liberty.

Question 20

Visible crimes are typically committed by older career criminals in their 40s.

Question 21

Crimes,such as gambling or prostitution,that are not "wrong in themselves" but are prohibited by government,are called

A) ​mala prohibita.
B) ​mala in se.
C) ​criminogenics.
D) ​norms.

Question 22

According to the text,which of the following groups favors stricter enforcement of the law?

A) ​Liberals
B) ​Conservatives
C) ​Moderates
D) ​Anarchists

Question 23

Public order crimes can include public drunkenness,vandalism,and disorderly conduct.

Question 24

According to your text,an example of a "visible crime" is​

A) ​murder.
B) ​espionage.
C) ​white-collar crime.
D) ​price fixing.

Question 25

Identity theft is a huge problem that typically affects young,lower-class females.

Question 26

Criminal acts,often termed "street crime" or "ordinary crime," that are the least profitable and least protected are called ______ crime.

A) ​political
B) ​victimless
C) ​visible
D) ​organized

Question 27

The goals of controlling crime and protecting the rights of individuals are _______ to achieve.

A) ​impossible
B) ​easy
C) ​difficult
D) ​not necessary

Question 28

In which of Packer's models would the adversarial system most likely be used?

A) ​Due process
B) ​Legislative inquiry
C) ​Crime control
D) ​Constitutional liability

Question 29

Crimes,such as murder or assault,that are traditionally "wrong in themselves," are called

A) ​mala prohibita.
B) ​mala in se.
C) ​misdemeanors.
D) ​norms.

Question 30

American crime rates have dropped since the early 1980s for many crimes.

Question 31

A model of the criminal justice system that emphasizes efficiency,speed,and finality and the capacity to apprehend,try,convict,and dispose of a high proportion of offenders is called the ________ model.

A) ​crime control
B) ​due process
C) ​constitutional
D) ​democratic

Question 32

Street crimes are the least profitable for the offender.

Question 33

Values that must be respected in a democracy by police,prosecutors,judges,and correctional officials include which of the following?

A) ​Rule of law
B) ​Civil liberties
C) ​Justice
D) ​All of these

Question 34

A model of the criminal justice system that emphasizes the adversarial process,the rights of defendants,and the formal decision-making procedures is called the ________ model.

A) ​crime control
B) ​due process
C) ​constitutional
D) ​democratic

Question 35

Scholars focused on income policies and social fairness would recommend criminal justice policies that

A) ​criminalize the dangerous acts of the poor.
B) ​create a correctional system that offers no dignity.
C) ​establish economic and social justice.
D) ​all of these.

Question 36

What entity in our society is primarily responsible for crime and justice issues?

A) ​Government
B) ​Interest groups
C) ​Grassroots groups
D) ​Scholars

Question 37

Males between the ages of 16 and 24 are the most likely group to commit crimes.

Question 38

Crimes committed in the context of a legal business or profession are called ______ crime.

A) ​political
B) ​victimless
C) ​occupational
D) ​organized

Question 39

Men who are 32 to 36 years old are the most crime-prone age group.

Question 40

It is easy to point to specific factors that increase or decrease crime rates.

Question 41

_______ refers to priorities and actions developed by government to use public resources as a means to deal with issues affecting society.

A) ​Public policy
B) ​Justice
C) ​Evidence-based practice
D) ​Behavior

Question 42

Criminal acts either by the government or against the government that are carried out for ideological purposes are called ______ crime.

A) ​political
B) ​victimless
C) ​visible
D) ​organized

Question 43

According to a 2011 poll of Americans,crime did not appear among the top 11 problems cited by Americans when asked to name the most important problems facing the country today.Instead,the problems cited included

A) ​economic declines.
B) ​unemployment rates.
C) ​healthcare and education issues.
D) ​all of these.

Question 44

An example of an occupational crime is​

A) ​murder.
B) ​espionage.
C) ​drug sales.
D) ​price fixing.

Question 45

The creation of new crime legislation and the size of criminal justice agency budgets are decided by legislators responding to the demands of​

A) ​congress.
B) ​law enforcement.
C) ​voters.
D) ​federal prosecutors.

Question 46

Which of the following reflects how the FBI reports crime?​

A) ​UCR
B) ​NCVS
C) ​Both UCR and NCVS
D) ​Neither the UCR or NCVS

Question 47

The organization _______ was formed because of a mother's heartbreak after the death of her daughter due to a drunk driver.

A) ​MADD
B) ​Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence
C) ​SADD
D) ​BADD

Question 48

In 2010,members of what rival motorcycle gang of the Hell's Angels were convicted for planning violent attacks against them?​

A) ​Pagans
B) ​Outlaws
C) ​MS-13
D) Bloods​

Question 49

After the 1960s,the changes in how our country dealt with crime reflected the fact that

A) ​political agendas controlled the response to crime.
B) ​we cannot avoid making choices about how to use the police, courts, and corrections system most effectively.
C) ​population changes in specific age groups alter crime rates.
D) ​one cannot predict legislative changes in crime.

Question 50

The _________ is dependent on interviews of samples of the U.S.population conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the number and types of criminal victimization,and thus the extent of unreported as well as reported crime.

A) ​National Incident-Based Reporting System
B) ​National Crime Victimization Survey
C) ​Uniform Crime Report
D) ​National Crime Offender Survey

Question 51

Citizens' involvement in shaping public policies,laws,and the quality of life in society is called​

A) ​crime.
B) ​due process.
C) ​legalistic enforcement.
D) ​civic engagement.

Question 52

_______ is a specific act of commission or omission in violation of the law,for which a punishment is prescribed.

A) ​Crime
B) ​Justice
C) ​Evidence-based practice
D) ​Behavior

Question 53

The term referring to the idea that much more crime occurs than is reported to police is called

A) ​hate crimes.
B) ​dark figure of crime.
C) ​victimology.
D) ​mala in se.

Question 54

Offenses against morality involving a willing and private exchange of goods and services that are in strong demand,but are illegal are called ________ crime.

A) ​political
B) ​victimless
C) ​visible
D) ​organized

Question 55

When compared with rates in the United States,Icelandic crime rates are​

A) ​extremely low.
B) ​low.
C) ​similar.
D) ​high.

Question 56

Why does the NCVS not measure homicide?​

A) ​Homicide is not usually reported to the police.
B) ​You cannot survey victims of homicide.
C) ​Homicide is unimportant to track.
D) ​Police departments may lie about their homicide rates.

Question 57

A source of crime data from interviews conducted to gather information on unreported as well as reported crimes is called​

A) ​NCVS.
B) ​dark figure of crime.
C) ​UCR.
D) ​NIBRS.

Question 58

A statistical summary of crimes reported to the police is known as the​

A) ​NCV.
B) ​dark figure of crime.
C) ​UCR.
D) ​NIBRS.

Question 59

Historically associated with images of certain ethnic groups,______ crime is a framework of the perpetration of such criminal acts as gambling,drugs,and prostitution.

A) ​political
B) ​victimless
C) ​visible
D) ​organized

Question 60

An example of a political crime is​

A) ​prostitution.
B) ​espionage.
C) ​selling illegal narcotics.
D) ​price fixing.

Question 61

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to provide money for her crack habit. She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years. She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.
One night,during a planned meeting with one of Sherry's "clients," she is raped,sexually assaulted,and robbed.Sherry does not call and report the crime to law enforcementbecause of her history.This encounter is an example of the _______ figure of crime.

A) ​criminal
B) ​statistical
C) ​dark
D) ​true

Question 62

Crimes that are prohibited by government but are not wrong by nature are called ____________________.

Question 63

The ____________________ model assumes freedom is so important that every effort must be made to ensure that criminal justice decisions are based upon reliable information.

Question 64

Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card. When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly have happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance. Elizabeth realized that a crime had been committed against her.
Elizabeth was most likely the victim of what type of crime?​

A) ​Transnational crime
B) ​Money laundering
C) Organized crime​
D) Identity theft​

Question 65

____________________ crimes are committed for ideological purposes.

Question 66

James is a vice president of a local banking organization. He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year. James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization. He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage. He is aware that he is breaking the law; however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime. He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time offender.
When James walked into his office on Wednesday morning,he was met by his supervisor and law enforcement.What type of crime did James participate in?​

A) ​Organized crime
B) ​Political crime
C) ​Victimless crime
D) ​Occupational crime

Question 67

The ____________________ model emphasizes efficiency and the capacity to catch offenders.

Question 68

Serious crimes that usually carry a penalty of incarceration for more than one year or the death penalty are​

A) ​misdemeanors.
B) ​felonies.
C) ​visible crimes.
D) ​violent crimes.

Question 69

Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card. When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly have happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance. Elizabeth realized that a crime had been committed against her.
The offender who committed identity theft against Elizabeth committed an act that would be considered wrong just by the very nature of the act itself.This would also be known as a ________ crime.

A) ​mala in se
B) ​mala prohibita
C) ​felony
D) ​misdemeanor

Question 70

____________________ crimes are committed in the context of a legal business or profession.

Question 71

Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card. When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly have happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance. Elizabeth realized that a crime had been committed against her.
Elizabeth was a victim of crime involving the use of computers and the Internet to commit criminal acts,which is referred to as​

A) ​cybercrime.
B) ​identify theft.
C) ​organized crime.
D) ​political crime.

Question 72

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to provide money for her crack habit. She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years. She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.
Sherry willingly participates in prostitution and feels as though her actions should not be considered criminal.Which type of crime does Sherry participate in?​

A) ​Victimless crime
B) ​Political crime
C) ​Occupation crime
D) ​Organized crime

Question 73

James is a vice president of a local banking organization. He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year. James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization. He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage. He is aware that he is breaking the law; however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime. He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time offender.
James is quickly educated on how to navigate the court system.He is made aware that the state must prove that he is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.This is known as the _____ model.

A) ​crime control
B) ​due process
C) ​criminal justice
D) ​due justice

Question 74

This particular type of crime includes homicide,assault,and rape.

A) ​Visible crime
B) ​Property crime
C) ​Organized crime
D) ​Victimless crime

Question 75

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to provide money for her crack habit. She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years. She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.
Sherry is arrested for possession with intent to sell after being picked up for prostitution.The judge agrees to the plea bargain that requires Sherry to plead guilty to all charges,with a five-year prison sentence.She is pushed quickly through the court system.This is an example of what model?​

A) ​Crime control
B) ​Due process
C) ​Evidence based
D) ​Justice based

Question 76

According to your text,examples of ____________________ crimes include gambling,prostitution,and drug use.

Question 77

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to provide money for her crack habit. She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years. She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.
Sherry's crime is a questionable crime by many who feel that prostitution is not wrong in and of itself.This type of crime is referred to as​

A) ​mala prohibita.
B) ​mala in se.
C) ​a felony.
D) ​a misdemeanor.

Question 78

Credit card fraud,such as what Elizabeth suffered,is responsible for merchant losses of _____ per year.

A) ​$1 million
B) ​$10 million
C) ​$1 billion
D) ​$10 billion

Question 79

Crimes that are wrong by nature are called ____________________.

Question 80

James is a vice president of a local banking organization. He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year. James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization. He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage. He is aware that he is breaking the law; however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime. He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time offender.
When caught,James admitted to stealing approximately $100,000 from his employer over the past year through financial deception.This is what Edwin Sutherland referred to as ______ crime.

A) ​organized
B) ​felony
C) ​white-collar
D) ​white criminal