Deck 14: Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions.

Question 1

Community corrections assumes that

A) ​only the offender needs to change.
B) ​only the community needs to change.
C) ​both the offender and the community need to adapt.
D) ​the offender and the community do not need to adapt.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is true concerning intermediate sanctions?

A) ​Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a low level of control over the offender.
B) ​Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a high level of control over the offender.
C) ​Judges use intermediate sanctions that require no control over the offender.
D) ​Judges use a range of intermediate sanctions requiring a low level to high level of control over the offenders.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is true about probation?​

A) ​Only used in combination with fines
B) ​Only used in combination with restitution
C) ​Only used in combination with community service
D) ​Used in combination with fines, restitution, and community service

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the most likely punishment for a traffic violation?

A) ​Incarceration
B) ​Restitution
C) ​Fines
D) ​Forfeiture

Question 5

Technical violations that would cause an offender's probation to be revoked include which of the following?

A) ​Violating curfew
B) ​Failing a drug test
C) ​Using alcohol
D) ​All of the above

Question 6

Where is one most likely to find extensive use of day fines?

A) ​United States
B) ​Europe
C) ​Asia
D) ​South America

Question 7

Which of the following is true about the collection of fines?

A) ​Courts consider them a priority.
B) ​Europe imposes them more than the United States.
C) ​Only the United States uses fines as punishment.
D) ​They are always based upon the offender's income.

Question 8

Probation is defined as​

A) ​home confinement.
B) ​electronic monitoring.
C) ​a short jail sentence.
D) ​supervised release under specified conditions.

Question 9

Which branch of government administers the intermediate sanctions of fines,restitution,and forfeiture?

A) ​Executive
B) ​Legislature
C) ​Judiciary
D) ​Bureaucracy

Question 10

The goal of community corrections is based on​

A) ​punishing the offender as severely as possible.
B) ​teaching the offender to resist temptation by increasing the offender's contact with the criminal world.
C) ​punishing the offender with the least restrictive alternative.
D) ​the idea that punishment is wrong.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding community corrections?

A) ​Offenders assigned to community corrections have committed offenses that are not serious.
B) ​Community supervision is more expensive than incarceration.
C) ​The rates of recidivism for those under community supervision are higher than the rates for those who go to prison.
D) ​Community supervision is more destructive to the offender than going to prison.

Question 12

The number of probationers currently under supervision has reached a record

A) ​low and is decreasing.
B) ​high and is increasing.
C) ​low, but is slowly starting to increase.
D) ​high, but is starting to decrease.

Question 13

The historical roots of probation can be traced to the procedures

A) ​of community supervision in France.
B) ​for reprieves and pardons in early English courts.
C) ​for forgiveness in Spanish courts.
D) ​of shock probation in Russian courts.

Question 14

Which of the following is not true about home confinement?

A) ​Home confinement is problematic because crimes can be committed from the home.
B) ​Electronic monitoring in home confinement is more expensive than imprisonment.
C) ​Home confinement raises the issue of the right to privacy because governmental corrections supervision has invaded a private home.
D) ​Electronic monitoring in home confinement may involve technical problems with the effectiveness of the equipment.

Question 15

Because of the costs associated with probation,which of the following statements concerning probation is true?

A) ​All states use probation for serious offenders in the same way.
B) ​States only use probation for misdemeanor offenders.
C) ​States never use probation for serious offenders.
D) ​Some states are increasingly considering the use of probation for more serious offenders.

Question 16

Which of the following is a challenge faced by probation officers?

A) ​Caseloads are increasingly smaller.
B) ​They must prioritize certain individuals over others.
C) ​Risk classification methods are rarely used.
D) ​Most probationers are on electronic monitoring.

Question 17

How much does the public support the use of community-based punishments rather than prison for nonviolent offenders?

A) ​Most citizens strongly support their use.
B) ​Few citizens support their use.
C) ​Most citizens are opposed to their use.
D) ​Most citizens report that they "don't care" about these offenders.

Question 18

Like parole revocation,probation revocation

A) ​must be decided in a full jury trial.
B) ​cannot be considered unless a new crime has been committed.
C) ​cannot be considered unless three conditions are violated.
D) ​requires a two-stage hearing process.

Question 19

At a combined probation revocation and sentencing hearing,the probationer is

A) not permitted to attend.​
B) ​being tried on new criminal charges.
C) ​subject to a "three-strikes" life sentence.
D) ​entitled to be represented by counsel.

Question 20

The world's first probation officer was​

A) ​James Ferguson, an Irish police officer.
B) ​Sir Robert Peel, head of the London police.
C) ​O.W. Wilson, an American police chief.
D) ​John Augustus, a Boston bootmaker.

Question 21

In the case of ____________________ the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that probationers have the right to an attorney.

Question 22

Repayment by an offender to a victim who has suffered some form of financial loss is called

A) ​Shock probation
B) ​Home arrest
C) ​Recidivism
D) ​Restitution

Question 23

A return to criminal behavior is called ____________________.

Question 24

Another name for boot camp is

A) ​shock incarceration.
B) ​military indoctrination.
C) ​part-time incarceration.
D) ​inside/outside programming.

Question 25

A drug treatment program in which offenders must visit for daily drug testing would be classified as

A) ​intensive supervision probation.
B) ​a halfway house.
C) ​home confinement.
D) ​any of the above could incorporate this.

Question 26

A sentence requiring the offender to remain inside his or her home during specified periods is called __________________.

Question 27

According to your text's companion website,how do judges determine the amount of day fines in Germany?

A) ​They use guidelines that equate money to time spent incarcerated.
B) ​They use a flat rate equal to 40% of the offender's salary.
C) ​They select a random value.
D) ​They ask the offender what he or she is able to pay.

Question 28

Seizure by the government of property and other assets is called ____________________.

Question 29

Which of the following is true about boot camps?

A) ​They significantly reduce recidivism.
B) ​They help to reduce prison overcrowding.
C) ​Boot camp graduates are less likely to commit new crimes.
D) ​There are more boot camps running every year.

Question 30

According to your text's companion website,in the two stage-process of determining a day fine,a judge looks at the

A) ​type of offense and income of the offender.
B) ​age and income of offender.
C) ​gender of the offender and the type of offense.
D) ​offender's age and gender.

Question 31

A conditional sentence allowing the offender to serve the sanctions imposed by the court while having free movement within the community is called ____________________.

Question 32

________ is considered the first probation officer in the United States.

Question 33

When can home confinement be used in the criminal justice system?​

A) ​During the pretrial period
B) ​After a short term in jail or prison
C) ​As a condition of probation
D) ​As a condition of parole

Question 34

The ____________________ model emphasis reparation to the victim and the community,approaching crime from a problem-solving perspective.

Question 35

Repayment by an offender to a victim is called ____________________.

Question 36

Which of the following is likely to be used as community service?

A) ​Cleaning laundry while incarcerated
B) Working part time at McDonald's​
C) ​Wearing an electronic monitoring device
D) ​Cleaning parks and roadsides

Question 37

A sum of money paid to the state by a convicted person as punishment is called a(n)____________________.

Question 38

Probation can be revoked when a probationer commits a new crime or a(n)____________________.

Question 39

The U.S.Supreme Court has decided that forfeitures

A) ​may sometimes violate the excessive fines clause of the Eighth Amendment.
B) ​always violate the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
C) ​can never result from a judicial order.
D) ​can involve homes but not automobiles.

Question 40

Which of the following is true concerning community corrections?

A) ​Community corrections receive considerable public support.
B) ​Community corrections suffer from an image of being "soft on crime."
C) ​Localities have a surplus of resources for community corrections.
D) ​Community corrections are declining.

Question 41

There are two types of ISP: probation diversion and ____________________ diversion.

Question 42

Fines exact a heavier toll on the poor than the wealthy.

Question 43

Probation works best when the judge and the supervising officer have close contact.

Question 44

People on probation have no constitutional rights.

Question 45

Forfeiture is determined by police officers rather than by judges.

Question 46

Over half of probationers have no direct contact with their probation officer.

Question 47

A problem for probation officers is their heavy caseload.

Question 48

Community corrections recognizes that factors within the community that encourage criminal behavior can never be changed.

Question 49

Intermediate sanctions suffer from the image of being ____________________.

Question 50

Persons on probation can refuse drug tests because they interfere with the Fourth Amendment right to privacy.

Question 51

Rates of ___________________ for those ending a community corrections sentence are about the same as those of offenders leaving prison.

Question 52

All crime victims can expect to receive full restitution from the offenders who harmed them.

Question 53

Intermediate sanctions are not used as often as they could be in the United States.

Question 54

Fines must be used in conjunction with some other form of punishment because merely paying a fine is not considered a punishment under the U.S.Constitution.

Question 55

The revocation of probation cannot result in incarceration.

Question 56

Restitution orders are determined by prison wardens rather than by judges.

Question 57

____________________ occurs when the use of intermediate sanctions results in more people coming under the control of the criminal justice system than would have otherwise.

Question 58

States can use probation for more serious offenses such as robbery or assault.

Question 59

Assets gained from forfeiture are often used to increase law enforcement agencies' budgets.

Question 60

Short-term,intense boot camps are also referred to as ____________________.

Question 61

How has community access to sex offender registries influenced community engagement in identifying probation/parole offenders?

Question 62

In order to be successful,community corrections programs must be given adequate resources.

Question 63

As criminal justice agencies cope with budget cuts,observers anticipate that there may be greater reliance on ________ to handle many of the duties previously managed by professionals.

Question 64

Some offenders are allowed to go to a place of employment,education,or treatment during the day but must return to their homes by a specified hour when they have been sentenced to​

A) ​community service.
B) ​intensive supervision probation.
C) ​day recovery centers.
D) ​home confinement.

Question 65

Morris and Tonry have stated that intermediate sanctions are rarely used in the United States,and judges tend to rely mostly on incarceration and probation.Why do you think judges in the United States have an all-or-nothing mentality regarding correctional options?

Question 66

_________ is the conditional release of the offender into the community,under the supervision of correctional officials.

Question 67

Boot camp programs often provide aftercare to help offenders transition back into the community.

Question 68

Offenders serving community service receive small amounts of pay for their work.

Question 69

Offenders today require less supervision.

Question 70

With passage of two laws in 1970-the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)and the Continuing Criminal Enterprise Act (CCE)-Congress resurrected _________,which is the government seizure of property.

A) ​restitution
B) ​forfeiture
C) ​fines
D) ​repayment

Question 71

Which of the following is not one of the issues that critics state intermediate sanctions have caused?

A) ​Wider nets
B) ​Empty nets
C) ​Stronger nets
D) ​Different nets

Question 72

Passive electronic monitoring systems send constant streams of information to the receiver.

Question 73

Why was there previously little support for community corrections? What changes do you believe the public has made to give these programs a chance?

Question 74

The recidivism rate for probationers is ________ the rate for those who have been incarcerated.

A) ​higher than
B) ​lower than
C) ​the same as
D) ​slightly above

Question 75

__________is a means of dealing with offenders who need greater restrictions than traditional community-based programs can provide

A) ​Intensive supervision probation
B) ​Shock incarceration
C) ​House arrest
D) ​Probation

Question 76

The U.S.Supreme Court ruled that home confinement violates the right to privacy.

Question 77

When given the choice,many offenders choose prison over intensive supervision probation.

Question 78

Public support is lacking for community corrections.

Question 79

How can community engagement promote new ideas in handling offenders on probation?

Question 80

Many believe that boot camps have failed in their attempt to "scare offenders straight." Why do you think these programs have failed?​