Deck 15: Incarceration and Prison Society.

Question 1

Which of the following is true regarding the change in the prison population during the last 30 years?​

A) ​There has been a decrease in the number of African Americans.
B) ​There has been a decrease in the number of Hispanics.
C) ​There has been no change in the number of Hispanics.
D) ​There has been an increase in the number of both African Americans and Hispanics.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What strategy do corrections officers employ to gain voluntary cooperation from prisoners?​

A) ​Brute force
B) ​Withholding food
C) ​Flexible enforcement of rules
D) ​Rigid enforcement of rules

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is true concerning the authority of prison officials?​

A) ​The authority of prison officials is unlimited.
B) ​The authority of prison officials is limited.
C) ​Prison officials have no authority.
D) ​The authority of prison officials is limited in state prisons, but unlimited in federal prisons.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which Western nation has the most prisoners serving long-term sentences?​

A) ​Canada
B) ​United States
C) ​Germany
D) ​France

Question 5

The set of rules and values that develop within the prison social system and guide prisoners' behavior is called​

A) ​jailing.
B) ​the inmate code.
C) ​gleaning.
D) ​machismo.

Question 6

The Bureau of Justice Statistics found that most prisoners are​

A) ​young minority males with less than a high school education.
B) ​older minority males with a high school education.
C) ​young minority females with less than a high school education.
D) ​older white males from organized crime groups.

Question 7

Which of the following is true concerning inmate leadership?​

A) ​Officials were more successful at using inmate leaders to maintain order in the traditional prison of the big house era.
B) ​Officials are more successful today in using inmate leaders to maintain order than in the past.
C) ​Officials have easily manipulated inmate leaders to maintain order in the big house era as well as the modern era of today.
D) ​Officials never seek to gain cooperation from inmate leaders.

Question 8

The three lines of staff in a prison are

A) ​custody, work, and treatment.
B) ​custody, work, and safety.
C) ​custody, treatment, and safety.
D) ​treatment, safety, and rewards.

Question 9

Often a primary motivation for becoming a corrections officer is​

A) ​enjoying the work with prisoners.
B) ​enjoying helping in the rehabilitation process.
C) ​enjoying the use of violence on the job.
D) ​wanting a secure civil service job.

Question 10

Which of the following types of prison staff are the most numerous?

A) ​Wardens
B) ​Custodial employees
C) ​Investigators
D) ​Counselors

Question 11

The factors of total power,rewards and punishments,exchange relationships,and inmate leadership​

A) ​exist in only a few prisons.
B) ​exist only in state prisons.
C) ​exist only in federal prisons.
D) ​make prisons more difficult to govern than other institutions.

Question 12

Which of the following factors distinguishes the governing of prisons from the administration of other public institutions?

A) ​The defects of power of authority figures
B) ​Unlimited rewards used by authorities
C) ​Independence of correctional officers and inmates
D) ​Weak inmate leadership

Question 13

The model of corrections that emphasizes maintaining the offender's ties to the family and community as a method of reform is called the _____ model.

A) ​custodial
B) ​rehabilitation
C) ​reintegration
D) ​family

Question 14

Which of the following is true concerning the history of American correctional institutions?

A) ​Correctional institutions in the United States have remained constant over time from place to place.
B) ​Fictional depictions of prisons have been relatively accurate.
C) ​Counselors and teachers have always been a major part of prison life.
D) ​It was common in the South for prisoners to work outside as farm laborers.

Question 15

In the past two decades the number of persons in prison has​

A) ​stayed the same.
B) ​greatly increased.
C) ​greatly decreased.
D) ​slightly decreased.

Question 16

Which of the following is true concerning the rate of AIDS in the prison population and the general U.S.population?​

A) ​It is significantly higher in the general population than in the prison population
B) ​It is slightly higher in the general population than in the prison population.
C) ​It is significantly higher in the prison population than in the general population.
D) ​It is slightly higher in the prison population than in the general population.

Question 17

Problems faced by the modern prison system in America include which of the following?​

A) ​Overcrowding
B) ​Legal issues
C) ​Racial conflicts
D) ​All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is not true concerning prison managers?​

A) ​They cannot select their own clients.
B) ​They do not control the release of their clients.
C) ​They rely on clients to do most of the work.
D) ​They are not dependent on maintenance of satisfactory relationships between clients and staff.

Question 19

According to John DiIulio,what three elements are characteristic of the quality of prisoners' lives in a good prison?​

A) ​Discipline, punishment, and silence
B) ​Fun, peace, and entertainment
C) ​Order, amenities, and services
D) ​Entertainment, democracy, and free movement

Question 20

Which of the following could legally be withheld or granted as rewards to prisoners?​

A) ​Food
B) ​Medical care
C) ​Water
D) ​"Good-time" credits

Question 21

Inmates who are ____________________ try to take advantage of prison programs.

Question 22

_______ programs are the most popular type of prison program.

A) ​Treatment
B) ​Vocational
C) ​Educational
D) ​Industrial

Question 23

Prisoners who are ____________________ view their prison term as a brief,inevitable break in their criminal careers.

Question 24

Which of the following is true concerning the differences between men's and women's prisons?​

A) ​Women have a more developed hidden economy.
B) ​Female inmates face more violence and physical confrontations.
C) ​Female inmates are more committed to the inmate code.
D) ​Women's prisons are smaller.

Question 25

During the 1960s and early 1970s,the ____________________ model was dominant.

Question 26

Prison administrators are wary of the prison economy because

A) ​inmate transactions hurt business at the prison store.
B) ​the prices charged for goods might not be fair.
C) ​prisoners steal items from the prison and may fight in disputes about transactions.
D) ​some prisoners are not allowed to participate.

Question 27

Prisoners who view their prison term as a brief,inevitable break in their criminal careers and simply a cost of doing business are​

A) ​gleaning.
B) ​jailing.
C) ​living by the inmate code.
D) ​doing time.

Question 28

Which of the following is true concerning prison programs?​

A) ​They are readily available to prisoners.
B) ​Legislators today are financially supportive of prisoner programs.
C) ​More programs tend to increase hostilities in prison.
D) ​Classification of prisoners and assignment to various programs often are based on the needs of administrators.

Question 29

The size of women's prisons and the number of women prisoners have contributed to​

A) ​a lack of resources devoted to programs and rehabilitation.
B) ​a culture dominated by gangs.
C) ​an steady increase in prison violence.
D) ​the creation of "wall-less" prisons.

Question 30

In regard to gender,the large majority of prisoners are ____________________.

Question 31

The process of assigning an inmate to a category specifying the inmate's needs for security,education,and treatment is called ____________________.

Question 32

The ____________________ employees are the most numerous in prisons.

Question 33

The ____________________ model of incarceration emphasizes security,order,and discipline.

Question 34

Those who break the inmate code are labeled ____________________.

Question 35

Behavior that can cause trouble and conflict with staff and other prisoners is called the ____________________.

Question 36

In years past,the standard currency in the prison economy was

A) ​money.
B) ​soap.
C) ​peanut butter.
D) ​cigarettes.

Question 37

____________________ programs seek to treat the personal defects that created the inmate's criminality.

Question 38

Which of the following is true about prison managers?​

A) ​Have complete control over when their clients will be released
B) ​Rely on clients to do much of the institutional maintenance work
C) ​Select their clients
D) ​Are given incentive pay for successful inmate completion

Question 39

Inmates with low intelligence who are afflicted with psychological or physical disabilities are referred to as​

A) ​challenged inmates.
B) ​bottom feeders.
C) ​gleaners.
D) ​jailers.

Question 40

Most inmates participate in a(n)____________ program.

Question 41

There has been a major increase in African American prisoners during the past 30 years.

Question 42

____________________ is the concept of male honor and the sacredness of one's reputation as a man.

Question 43

In the traditional prison of the big house era,rehabilitation was the primary goal.

Question 44

Correctional officers have few resources or punishments at their disposal to achieve institutional goals.

Question 45

In recent years,the number of goods that a prisoner can obtain through legal channels has increased in many prisons.

Question 46

Prisoners serve shorter sentences in the United States in comparison to other Western nations.

Question 47

"Jailing" is a term used to describe inmates who try to take advantage of prison programs to better themselves.

Question 48

Women officers can only work with female inmates.

Question 49

More mentally ill persons are in state hospitals than in prisons and jails.

Question 50

Contemporary prisoners are more likely to come from urban areas and to have been convicted of drug offenses than prisoners in the past.

Question 51

Correctional officers can gain cooperation from prisoners through rewards and punishments.

Question 52

Most members of the public believe that prisons are run in a(n)____________________ manner.

Question 53

Men's and women's prison cultures both result in inmates adopting roles as surrogate families for other inmates.

Question 54

There has been an increase in the number of elderly prisoners over the age of 55.

Question 55

Few prisons have well-developed mental health treatment programs.

Question 56

Given adequate financial resources,most experts believe that prisons should include programs that improve the lives of inmates,such as vocational training,remedial education,and work opportunities.

Question 57

In today's prison system,the ____________________ has the closest contact with prisoners.

Question 58

The dominant purpose of a prison is maintaining secure custody of offenders.

Question 59

Racial conflict is not a problem in most U.S.prisons.

Question 60

Most inmates serve their terms in isolation cells.

Question 61

The rate of confirmed AIDS cases in state and federal prisons is ________ times higher than the rate in the total U.S.population.

A) ​two
B) ​three
C) ​four
D) ​five

Question 62

Inmates who do not break rules are given ______ time.

A) ​earned
B) ​good
C) ​extra
D) ​program

Question 63

What issues influence the difficulty of recruiting correctional officers?

Question 64

Approximately ________ of state prisoners have not completed their high school education.

A) ​20%
B) ​40%
C) ​60%
D) ​80%

Question 65

The classification of inmates and assignment to various prison programs is always tailored to serve the needs of the individual inmate.

Question 66

Approximately ________ of correctional officers are members of minority groups.

A) ​10%
B) ​20%
C) ​30%
D) ​40%

Question 67

Which of the following is not a principle set forth by Warden Dennis Luther for his staff members?​

A) ​Inmates are sent to prison as punishment and not for punishment.
B) ​Inmates are entitled to a safe and humane environment while in prison.
C) ​Inmates should be punished harshly.
D) ​You must believe in man's capacity to change his behavior.

Question 68

Prisoners can receive federal funding for postsecondary education.

Question 69

In some states,it is not illegal for correctional officers to have sex with inmates.

Question 70

Your textbook discusses the differences between the subcultures found in men's and women's prisons.What might explain these differences?​

Question 71

Because there are fewer who are institutionalized,female prisoners have higher levels of violence than male prisoners.

Question 72

The architectural design of a prison can influence the nature of interactions,including opportunities for violence.

Question 73

Women now comprise nearly one-quarter of the entire U.S.prison population.

Question 74

How can a good classification system help keep order in prisons?

Question 75

Discuss how the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission has affected the rights and treatment of inmates.

Question 76

Federal funding for inmates to obtain higher education has been cut drastically in the past few years.Critics of these programs claim that they take money away from noncriminal students who need funding; however,educational programs may help inmates from committing more crimes after release.Offer two examples of how this problem might be resolved.

Question 77

Gangs based on race and ethnicity have become a serious problem within the prison system.

Question 78

How does the U.S.Supreme Court's decision in Brown v.Plata affect the constitutional rights of prisoners?

Question 79

Special efforts have been made to recruit _______ and minorities as correctional officers.

A) ​males
B) ​females
C) ​the educated
D) ​the young

Question 80

State legislators always support increases in funding for educational programs within the prison system because of their success in reducing recidivism.