Deck 13: Adolescents

Question 1

The vignette near the beginning of Chapter 13 illustrates leading causes of adolescent deaths, including:

A)Cancer, homicide, and heart disease
B)Congenital malformations, diseases of the heart, and tobacco smoking
C)Malignant neoplasms, suicide, and cancer
D)HIV infection, motor vehicle accidents, and suicide by hanging
E)Homicide, suicide, and accident

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Noppe and Noppe argued that adolescent understandings of death may be influenced by ambiguities or tensions from _________.

A)biological maturation and sexual development
B)a characteristic inability to engage in hypothetical-deductive thinking
C)lack of egocentrism in adolescence
D)All of these
E)None of these

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In 2014 in the United States, individuals aged 15-19 years experienced:

A)Approximately 5,000 deaths
B)A little under 15,000 deaths
C)Approximately 9,600 deaths
D)Almost 30,000 deaths
E)Nearly 22,500 deaths

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The view that "to be normal during the adolescent period is by itself abnormal" was put forward by:

A)Erik Erikson
B)Anna Freud
C)Daniel Offer
D)Carl Jung
E)Albert Bandura

Question 5

According to Blos, adolescents experience a "second chance" or "second individuation process" in _________.

A)early adolescence
B)middle adolescence
C)late adolescence
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 6

Which of the following is the best description of "adolescence"?

A)It is equivalent to the teenage years.
B)It begins in biology and ends in culture.
C)It is defined at its onset by leaving and returning home.
D)It ends in puberty.
E)It is the same for females as for males.

Question 7

What is distinctive about the three leading causes of death among American adolescents 15-24 years of age or older?

A)They are all human-induced.
B)They do not include HIV infection.
C)They all involve extended dying trajectories.
D)Most of their accidental deaths do not involve motor vehicles.
E)They included heart disease.

Question 8

According to Blos, late adolescence is the period when adolescents typically _________.

A)overcome the egocentrism of childhood
B)begin a second individuation process
C)set aside historical continuity by rejecting their pasts
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 9

Studies of patterns of automobile driving among adolescents have shown that _________.

A)adolescent drivers may perceive positive utility or value in taking certain risks
B)adolescent drivers may be unable or unwilling to recognize the personal implications of mortality
C)adolescent drivers may not perceive risks inherent in their behaviors
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 10

According to Erikson, the principal developmental task of adolescence is the establishment of _________.

A)a more or less stable sense of personal identity
B)a sense of confidence or basic trust
C)a sense of intimacy versus isolation
D)an orientation towards generativity
E)a more or less reliable sense of ego integrity

Question 11

Among adolescents 15 years of age and older in the United States the second leading cause of death in 2014 was:

A)Cancer
B)Suicide
C)Homicide
D)Accidents
E)HIV infection

Question 12

Depending upon the particular adolescent in question and the nature of the experience itself, the death of another person might affect the adolescent's efforts _________.

A)to reestablish intimacy and commitment
B)to achieve competency, mastery, or control
C)to attain emotional separation from parents
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 13

In 2014, the highest death rates among adolescents in the U.S. occurred among:

A)Caucasian Americans
B)Hispanic Americans
C)African Americans
D)Asian and Pacific Island Americans
E)American Indians and Alaska Natives

Question 14

In 2014, individuals aged 10-19 years experienced what percentage of all U.S. deaths?

A)1.5 percent
B)Just under 3 percent
C)Almost 8 percent
D)Approximately 13
E)Nearly 17 percent

Question 15

Many scholars now agree that the principal task in early adolescence is to achieve _________.

A)intimacy and commitment
B)competency, mastery, or control
C)emotional separation from parents
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 16

Adolescent involvements in the digital world make possible:

A)Seeking grief support
B)Sharing of information about death-related events
C)Expressions of their grief
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 17

According to Erikson's theory of the human life cycle, the principal virtue to be developed in adolescence is _________.

A)hope
B)love
C)competency
D)fidelity
E)purpose or direction

Question 18

In terms of the deaths of someone else experienced by adolescents, studies have found that many adolescents in the U.S. have encountered _________.

A)the death of a friend or peer who was roughly their own age
B)the death of a loved one
C)the death of a parent
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 19

The leading cause of death among U.S. adolescents in 2014 was:

A)Cancer
B)suicide
C)Homicide
D)Accidents
E)HIV infection

Question 20

Which of the following is correct?

A)More female adolescents die each year than male adolescents.
B)More male adolescents die each year than female adolescents.
C)More African-American adolescents die each year than Caucasian-American adolescents.
D)More Hispanic-American adolescents die each year than African-American adolescents.
E)More Native-American adolescents die each year than African-American adolescents.

Question 21

Which of the following variables is most likely to be associated with difficulties for an adolescent who is coping with bereavement?

A)Gender
B)Race
C)Age
D)Low self-concept
E)Playing a musical instrument

Question 22

Most adolescents who are coping with a life-threatening illness need to _________.

A)be able to employ defenses in their coping
B)be involved in their care
C)be given accurate information about their situation
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 23

Homicide in adolescence is a phenomenon:

A)Especially prevalent in rural settings
B)With negative effects on primary, but not secondary, victims
C)Far more an experience of Caucasian Americans than African Americans
D)Typically associated with young males acting on their own
E)Usually associated with firearms

Question 24

In 2014 in the U.S., homicide was _________.

A)the third leading cause of death for all middle and late adolescents
B)the leading cause of death for female adolescents
C)the second leading cause of death for all middle and late adolescents
D)a phenomenon with higher death rates for Caucasian Americans than African Americans
E)the leading cause of death for all middle and late adolescents

Question 25

For peers who are left behind, adolescent suicide is _________.

A)a particularly toxic or difficult form of death
B)essentially indifferent
C)a relatively benign form of death
D)often overlaid by societal approbation
E)usually an uncomplicated experience

Question 26

Suicidal behavior in American adolescents appears to be associated with _________.

A)adequacies in relationships between adolescents and significant others
B)an absence of pressures to conform with peers
C)an overpowering wish to escape from stressful life situations
D)effective communication and coping skills
E)feelings of hopefulness and helpfulness

Question 27

For most adolescents with a life-threatening illness, they are most afraid about:

A)Their impending deaths
B)Having to be involved in decision making
C)Their dying
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 28

Research has shown that mourning processes in bereaved adolescents _________.

A)are likely not to conform to the characteristics of their distinctive developmental stage
B)appear to be assisted by activities that reduce stress
C)closely parallel those of adults
D)are not helped by support from parents, other relatives, or friends
E)are not usually related to their personal belief systems

Question 29

Crisis intervention programs are _________.

A)not a useful model of intervention for adolescents
B)directed primarily at adolescents who are not ambivalent about ending their lives
C)designed to minimize suicidal behaviors in adolescents
D)dependent upon the helping agency initiating telephone contact with distressed adolescents
E)None of these

Question 30

Which of the following pairs is/are properly matched, that is, describe comparable developmental tasks in adolescence and tasks in adolescent mourning?

A)Developing intimacy and reorganization
B)Establishing emotional separation and disorganization
C)Achieving competency or mastery and protest/searching
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 31

In 2014, adolescent suicide deaths and death rates in the U.S. were highest among _________.

A)early adolescents 10-14 years of age
B)late adolescents 20-24 years of age
C)middle adolescents 15-19 years of age
D)female adolescents
E)African-American adolescents

Question 32

Alexander and Adlerstein concluded from their research that death has a greater emotional significance for people _________.

A)who are well enmeshed in supportive peer groups
B)who have experienced the "secular trend"
C)who have stable ego self-pictures
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 33

In Tolstoy's novella, The Death of Ivan Ilych , Ivan says he studied the following syllogism in school: Caius is a man, men are mortal, therefore Caius is mortal. Later in life, Ivan realized that the true meaning of this syllogism is:

A)I am immortal.
B)Death only happens to others.
C)I, too, will die.
D)Adults are affected by death issues.
E)Mortality is an abstraction.

Question 34

Bereaved adolescents have made clear that they have the right:

A)Not to have to follow the "Stages of Grief" as outlined in a high school health book
B)To see the person who died and the place of death
C)To be angry at death, at the person who died, at God, at self, at others
D)To be involved in the decisions about rituals related to the death
E)All of these

Question 35

In 2014 in the U.S., homicide deaths among individuals 15-24 years of age represented:

A)Approximately 5 percent of all homicide deaths in the entire country
B)Just less than 10 percent of all homicide deaths in the entire country
C)Exactly 15 percent of all homicide deaths in the entire country
D)About 23 percent of all homicide deaths in the entire country
E)Almost 26 percent of all homicide deaths in the entire country

Question 36

Which of the following appears to decrease risk-taking behavior in early adolescents?

A)A limited appreciation of futurity
B)A high degree of egocentrism
C)A strong sense of invulnerability
D)A belief in personal immortality
E)An increased level of maturity

Question 37

Before Jeff's dad died of a blood infection after heart surgery, Jeff offered to stay with his dad one day while his mom went shopping. While his mom was gone, Jeff opened a window to get some fresh air. The next day, Jeff's dad was readmitted to the hospital with a fever and soon died. Jeff believed he was responsible for his father's death. This story teaches us that:

A)We should never leave windows open when a person is sick.
B)Jeff should not have offered to help.
C)Jeff's mom blamed him for her husband's death.
D)It would be important for Jeff to know and understand the cause of his father's death.
E)Jeff did a bad thing.

Question 38

Research on adolescent bereavement has shown that adolescents with high self-concept scores are likely to experience:

A)Less depression, fear, loneliness, and confusion
B)More depression, loneliness, and anger
C)More confusion, but less anger
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 39

Indicators that might serve to warn of the danger of adolescent suicide include:

A)Talking about suicide in a constructive educational format
B)Remarks by adolescents that things would be better if they were no longer around
C)Efforts by adolescents to acquire cherished possessions
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 40

Fleming and Balmer concluded that the most salient or prominent feature of adolescent adjustment following death is _________.

A)ongoing psychological difficulties
B)resiliency
C)vulnerability
D)heightened emotional and interpersonal immaturity
E)None of these

Question 41

According to the text, what are the most important similarities and/or differences between death-related encounters among adolescents who are Caucasian Americans and those who are African Americans? How do you explain these similarities and/or differences?

Question 42

What can adults do to help adolescents who are at risk for suicidal behavior? Be specific. Give concrete examples.

Question 43

Draw on any two of the following to identify significant lessons about grief and bereavement in adolescents: Personal Insights 13.1 ("Daddy's Girl"), Personal Insights 13.2 ("Who's Andrea?"), Personal Insights 13.3 ("Two Experiences as a Teen Hospice Volunteer"), and/or Personal Insights 13.4 ("Only a Sibling")in the eighth edition of Death & Dying, Life & Living .

Question 44

According to the text, what are two of the most important factors that influence adolescent attitudes toward death? Explain your answer.

Question 45

Adolescents who experience the death of another adolescent in contemporary American society are most likely to encounter what types of death? Why?

Question 46

Identify and explain three (3)ways in which adults might help adolescents who are coping with death and bereavement.

Question 47

Compare and contrast typical developmental tasks during the adolescent era and characteristic tasks in normal adolescent mourning.

Question 48

Comment on suggestions that there is a link between education about suicide and adolescent suicide behaviors? Provide evidence to support your reply.

Question 49

Compare and contrast suicidal and homicidal behavior among American adolescents.
What do similarities and differences in these two types of behaviors teach us?

Question 50

Edgar Jackson wrote, "Adolescents are apt to think that they are the discoverers of deep and powerful feelings and that no one has ever loved as they love." If this is true, what implications does it have for understanding and assisting bereaved adolescents?