Deck 9: Energy and Chemistry

Question 1

Stored energy or energy due to position is known as:

A) kinetic energy
B) atomic energy
C) extruded energy
D) potential energy

Answer 1

potential energy

Question 2

The United States relies upon petroleum as its primary energy source.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A chemical reaction in which the bonds formed have more energy than those broken is referred to as a(n):

A) exothermic reaction
B) endothermic reaction
C) systematic reaction
D) inverse reaction

Answer 3

endothermic reaction

Question 4

The largest energy use sector (per 2002 data) is:

A) residential
B) commercial
C) industrial
D) transportation

Question 5

What term is used to most accurately describe the energy flow from a warm object to a cooler one?

A) heat
B) work
C) cascade
D) acceleration

Question 6

If energy is used to move a mass over a distance against resistance, then ____ has been performed.

A) heat
B) joule
C) work
D) acceleration

Question 7

Thermochemistry describes the energetic consequences of a chemical reaction.

Question 8

A state function is a variable whose value depends only on the current state of the system.

Question 9

A chemical reaction that transfers heat from the system (the reaction) to the surroundings is always:

A) exothermic
B) endothermic
C) spontaneous
D) electrically charged

Question 10

The molecular formula of butane is:

A) C₂H₆
B) C₆H₁₄
C) C₃H₈
D) C₉H₂₀

Question 11

The study of chemical energy and the transfer of this energy provide a crucial link between chemistry and engineering.

Question 12

As the velocity of moving object doubles, the kinetic energy of the object doubles.

Question 13

The second law of thermodynamics states that:

A) it's impossible to convert completely an engine's heat to work
B) every action has an equal and opposite reaction
C) fires can never burn to completion
D) force is equal to mass multiplied by acceleration

Question 14

Thermal energy is directly related to the motion of atoms and molecules of the object in question.

Question 15

An proton accelerated to a velocity of 3.81 × 10³ m/s will have more energy than an electron accelerated to the same velocity.

Question 16

The complicated multi-part system designed to balance the demand for electricity with its production is referred to as the electrical grid.

Question 17

The amount of heat required to raise one gram of a material 1 ° C is that material's:

A) electron affinity
B) specific heat capacity
C) molar heat capacity
D) calorimetric constant

Question 18

Fuel cells offer the promise of a 100% energy usage from an engine.

Question 19

Generating stations using fossil fuels to produce electrical energy rely upon:

A) endothermic chemical reactions
B) nuclear fusion reactions
C) exothermic chemical reactions
D) nuclear fission reactions

Question 20

All energy flow is either heat or work.

Question 21

Which of the following reactions correctly describe the formation of NaF( s )?

A) Na( s ) + F( g ) → NaF( s )
B) 2 Na( s ) + F₂( g ) → 2 NaF( s )
C) Na( s ) + F₂( g ) → NaF( s )
D) Na( s ) + F₂( s ) → NaF( s )

Question 22

Deposition refers to the phase transition:

A) liquid to gas
B) gas to liquid
C) gas to solid
D) solid to gas

Question 23

What are the primary products in the combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A) H₂ and O₂
B) C and H₂
C) H₂O and CO₂
D) CO and H₂O

Question 24

If a lighter contains 4.0 mL of liquid butane (den = 0.8 g/cm³), how much potential energy does the lighter contain according to the combustion of butane:
2 C₄H₁₀( g ) + 13 O₂( g ) → 8 CO₂( g ) + 10 H₂O( l ) Δ H = − 5.75 × 10³ kJ

A) − 5 × 10² kJ
B) − 2 × 10² kJ
C) − 8 × 10² kJ
D) +4.8 × 10³ kJ

Question 25

The phase transition from liquid to solid phases is known as:

A) sublimation
B) vaporization
C) condensation
D) fusion

Question 26

If a 136.51 g Al rod (c = 0.900 J/g ° C) is at 100.0 ° C and placed into 250.0 g of water at 21.8 ° C, what is the temperature of the system (rod + water) at equilibrium assuming no losses to the surroundings?

A) 18 ° C
B) 206 ° C
C) 30 ° C
D) 46 ° C

Question 27

What is the kinetic energy of a single He atom traveling at 2.0 × 10⁴ m/s?

A) 1.3 × 10 ^{− 18} J
B) 6.4 × 10 ^{− 24} J
C) 2.6 × 10 ^{− 18} J
D) 7.7 × 10 ^{− 13} J

Question 28

A new alloy is designed for use in a car radiator. If the 17.6 kg radiator required 8.69 × 10⁵ J of heat to warm from 22.1 ° C to 155.8 ° C, what is the specific heat of the new alloy?

A) 0.365 J/g ° C
B) 8.27 J/g ° C
C) 0.00491 J/g ° C
D) 1.70 J/g ° C

Question 29

An iron piston in a compressor has a mass of 3.62 kg. If the specific heat of iron is 0.449 J/g ° C, how much heat is required to raise the temperature of the piston from 12.0 ° C to 111.0 ° C?

A) 1.61 × 10² J
B) 7.08 × 10⁸ J
C) 1.61 × 10⁵ J
D) 4.35 × 10⁵ J

Question 30

What amount of heat is required to warm 1.5 kg of ice at − 15.0 ° C to steam at 150.0 ° C? Assume the specific heat of water to be 4.18 J/ g ° C, Δ H_fus = 3.35 J/g, and Δ H_vap = 2.26 kJ/g.

A) 94.1 kJ
B) 1,035 kJ
C) 6,371 kJ
D) 4,120 kJ

Question 31

The chemical reaction by which one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states is best described as a(n):

A) aldo-condensation reaction
B) formation reaction
C) thermodynamic equivalent
D) addition reaction

Question 32

The synthesis of ammonia via the Haber reaction follows the balanced equation:
3 H₂( g ) + N₂( g ) → 2 NH₃( g ) Δ H = − 99.22 kJ
How much heat is created from the synthesis of 7.38 metric tons (1 metric ton = 1000 kg) of ammonia?

A) − 8.37 × 10⁷ kJ
B) − 4.43 × 10⁸ kJ
C) − 1.95 × 10⁶ kJ
D) − 2.15 × 10⁷ kJ

Question 33

Under constant volume conditions, the internal energy equals the:

A) entropy
B) insulation capacity
C) transduction
D) heat flow

Question 34

How much energy is required to warm 175 mL of water at 18.5 ° C to 85.0 ° C? Assume the specific heat of water to be 4.18 J/ g ° C.

A) 821,000 J
B) 48.6 kJ
C) 52.8 kJ
D) 48,645 J

Question 35

During the phase change from liquid water to gaseous water (steam) the temperature of the water will ____ relatively speaking.

A) increase
B) remain the same
C) decrease
D) increase proportionate to the mass of the water

Question 36

Given the following heat of formation values, calculate the heat of reaction for:
Na( s ) + Cl₂( g ) → NaCl( s )
Δ H_f values in kJ/mol for: Na( s ) = 0, Na( g ) = 108.7, Cl₂( g ) = 0, NaCl( s ) = − 411.0

A) − 411.0 kJ
B) +411.0 kJ
C) − 302.3 kJ
D) +519.7 kJ

Question 37

Which of the following reactions notate the formation reaction of CO( g )?

A) C( s ) + O( g ) → CO( g )
B) 2C( s ) + O₂( g ) → 2 CO( g )
C) CO( g ) → C( s ) + O₂( g )
D) C( s ) + O₂( g ) → CO( g )

Question 38

Given the following heat of formation values, calculate the heat of reaction for:
C₃H₈( g ) + O₂( g ) → CO₂( g ) + H₂O( l )
Δ H_f values in kJ/mol for: C₃H₈( g ) = − 103.8, O₂( g ) = 0, CO₂( g ) = − 393.5, H₂O( l )= − 285.8

A) 3.613 × 10² kJ
B) − 5.755 × 10² kJ
C) 1.413 × 10² kJ
D) − 2.220 × 10³ kJ

Question 39

What is the kinetic energy of a 22,500 lb truck traveling at 55 mi/hr?

A) 6.2 × 10⁶ J
B) 3.1 × 10³ J
C) 6.2 × 10⁸ J
D) 3.1 × 10⁶ J

Question 40

A hungry engineering student reaches for a favorite granola bar while working on a statics assignment. If the granola bar contains 240 "calories" (food calorie = 1kcal), how much energy is consumed if the bar is eaten?

A) 3.1 × 10³ J
B) 1.0 × 10⁶ J
C) 1.0 × 10³ J
D) 2.6 × 10⁶ J