Deck 19: Violence and War

Question 1

What does the proportionality principle require?

A)It requires that, before employing biochemical weapons, we weigh the relative advantages of conventional weapons as a viable alternative.
B)It requires that, before engaging in war or the use of force, we consider the likely costs and benefits of doing so, as opposed to choosing alternative courses of action (or no action).
C)It requires that, before considering non-violence, we consider the likelihood of international repercussions.
D)It requires that, before we call a war "just" we commence a values-assessment and consult political and religious leaders.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

One long-standing element of both international law and just war theory is the inviolability of civilians or noncombatants.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to the principle of discrimination, it is wrong to ever do what risks deaths of civilians in war.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The principle of double effect used by the principle of discrimination holds that there is a difference between directly intending some end and foreseeing that one's actions might result in that end.

Question 5

The idea that killing is wrong, but my killing is OK violates which of our ethical theories?

A)Relativism
B)Categorical imperative
C)Utilitarianism
D)Egoism

Question 6

One problem for achieving world peace, according to experts, is the reduction in the proliferation of weapons.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a rationale for pacifism?

A)Nonviolent means work better than violent means.
B)To kill people is wrong in itself.
C)Setting an example of nonviolent resolution encourages negotiation.
D)Pacifism encourages the enemy to lay down its defenses.

Question 8

That violence can never lead to peace is a deontological reason supporting pacifism.

Question 9

According to the last resort requirement, we should try "everything" short of war first.

Question 10

War crimes are defined differently by various nations who each have their own doctrine of universal human rights.

Question 11

Just War theory has an initial presumption against war that must be overcome by the fulfillment of certain requirements.

Question 12

To agree that the reduction of privacy rights to gain greater security is an example of reasoning.

A)Utilitarian
B)Kantian
C)Relativism
D)Natural law

Question 13

To be a pacifist is the same thing as to be a conscientious objector.

Question 14

What kind of reasoning is found in the just cause principle?

A)Utilitarianism
B)Natural law
C)Relativism
D)Categorical imperative

Question 15

Most terrorists are

A)Well educated and middle class.
B)Poor and desperate.
C)Ignorant and easily manipulated.
D)Rich and bored.

Question 16

A value neutral definition of terrorism is the use of force to destroy property or kill people who are not directly involved in the matters being protested.

Question 17

According to your text, what is the most immediate goal of terrorism?

A)To vent anger.
B)To create push a political or religious ideology.
C)To create fear.
D)To assert value.

Question 18

All forms of pacifism hold that violence is always wrong.

Question 19

St. Augustine was one of the first we know of to write in support of the justification of some wars.

Question 20

What are the two principles to the jus in bello part of the just war theory?

A)The principle of enlightenment and the principle of retribution.
B)The principle of retaliation and the principle of compensatory justice.
C)The principle of proportionality and the principle of discrimination.
D)The principle of non-proliferation and the principle of non-engagement.

Question 21

What is a war crime? When answering this question, be sure to describe the three different categories of war crime established through the Nuremberg trials. Be sure to address and explain the moral theories underpinning the idea of a war crime. Finally, what would the realist approach to war say about the idea of a war crime and the justifications for that idea?

Question 22

Explain just war theory. Why is it considered an intermediate moral approach to war (between pacifism and realism)? In your explanation, be specific about the essential differences between just war theory and pacifism, and between just war theory and realism.

Question 23

Label the items below as one of these Requirements for a Just War: Just Cause (JC), Proportionality (P), Last Resort (LR), Right Intention (RI), Discrimination (D). Also tell whether the requirement is one for going to war ( Jus ad Bellum : JAB), or conduct in war ( Jus in Bello : JIB).
This requirement makes bombing of civilian populations unacceptable.

Question 24

Label the items below as one of these Requirements for a Just War: Just Cause (JC), Proportionality (P), Last Resort (LR), Right Intention (RI), Discrimination (D). Also tell whether the requirement is one for going to war ( Jus ad Bellum : JAB), or conduct in war ( Jus in Bello : JIB).
We should not directly and intentionally target non-combatants, but only those who are a threat to us.

Question 25

Which of these characteristics is not part of the United States' State Department definition of "terrorism?"

A)Political motivation in violence perpetrated against noncombatants.
B)Conflicts motivated by local grievances rather than governmental decisions.
C)It can be committed by a nation state or noncombatants through excessive force.
D)It is committed by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.

Question 26

The first Geneva Convention was formulated in 1864 to

A)Establish rules for the conduct of war.
B)Establish standards for the treatment of prisoners.
C)Protect the sick and wounded.
D)Set a basis for prosecuting war crimes.

Question 27

Label the items below as one of these Requirements for a Just War: Just Cause (JC), Proportionality (P), Last Resort (LR), Right Intention (RI), Discrimination (D). Also tell whether the requirement is one for going to war ( Jus ad Bellum : JAB), or conduct in war ( Jus in Bello : JIB).
We should always remember that we are aiming toward achieving peace and do nothing that will make this less difficult to achieve.

Question 28

What would be a nonconsequentialist justification for pacificism?

A)Killing is economically costly.
B)Killing leads to pain and suffering
C)Killing only leads to more killing.
D)Killing is wrong in and of itself.

Question 29

Explain the realist approach to war. What are the moral justifications for realism? Why are there no deontological justifications for realism given in your text?

Question 30

Label the items below as one of these Requirements for a Just War: Just Cause (JC), Proportionality (P), Last Resort (LR), Right Intention (RI), Discrimination (D). Also tell whether the requirement is one for going to war ( Jus ad Bellum : JAB), or conduct in war ( Jus in Bello : JIB).
There must be some serious or weighty reason that justifies the initial presumption against war.

Question 31

Label the items below as one of these Requirements for a Just War: Just Cause (JC), Proportionality (P), Last Resort (LR), Right Intention (RI), Discrimination (D). Also tell whether the requirement is one for going to war ( Jus ad Bellum : JAB), or conduct in war ( Jus in Bello : JIB).
The good to be achieved by some action must not be outweighed by the costs to do so.