Deck 12: Providing Equal Educational Opportunity

Question 1

Miguel lives in a Hispanic neighborhood in a very large city. Which of the following schools is he most likely to attend?

A)an integrated suburban school to which he is bused
B)a predominantly minority school
C)a desegregated school in his neighborhood
D)a magnet school in a neighboring city

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following desegregation plans represents the most voluntary approach on the part of parents to move children to another school?

A)busing
B)alteration of school district lines
C)magnet schools
D)school pairing

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In general, research on the impact of desegregation shows that

A)desegregation has had no positive effect on the academic performance of minorities and has not improved relationships among ethnic groups.
B)desegregation has had a positive impact on the academic achievement of minorities but a negative impact on relationships among ethnic groups.
C)desegregation has had a negative impact on both the academic achievement of minorities and the relationships among ethnic groups.
D)where schools have been successfully desegregated and integrated, there is some evidence of both increased academic achievement of minority groups and better relationships among ethnic groups.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Up until about 1960, subcultures in the United States were expected to

A)be assimilated into the national mainstream.
B)maintain their subculture characteristics.
C)preserve their native language.
D)remain relatively segregated from society.

Question 5

Funds for compensatory programs can be used for

A)early childhood education only.
B)psychological and social services only.
C)bilingual education only.
D)all of the above.

Question 6

Desegregation and integration are different in that only integration includes

A)development of community support.
B)development of positive interracial contact.
C)students of different races attending the same school.
D)students not being separated in racially isolated schools or classrooms.

Question 7

Ken, a school board member in a segregated district, chairs a committee that is planning a voluntary desegregation strategy for a portion of his district. Which of the following plans would be most appropriate for his committee to consider?

A)altered attendance areas
B)busing
C)controlled choice
D)paired schools

Question 8

During the civil rights movement, many people found the need to improve educational opportunities for __________________.

A)disadvantaged  students
B)students with disabilities
C)the wealthy
D)A and B

Question 9

The addition of a large Asian American population to big-city schools has caused districts with desegregation plans to

A)devise a multiethnic plan.
B)discard their plans.
C)implement the Milwaukee plan.
D)use magnet schools.

Question 10

Bilingual education provides students who are not proficient in English with instruction in

A)an additional foreign language.
B)an English-language environment.
C)their native language.
D)none of the above

Question 11

Research studies on the benefits that students receive from bilingual education indicate that the effects are

A)contradictory and controversial.
B)moderately negative.
C)moderately positive.
D)strongly positive.

Question 12

Recent changes have improved Title I by

A)providing in-class assistance for low achievers.
B)eliminating pullout programs.
C)providing staff development for teachers.
D)all of the above

Question 13

In Brown v. Board of Education , the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that

A)de facto segregation was unconstitutional.
B)segregation violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
C)desegregation should begin immediately in all U.S. school districts.
D)equal expenditures should be made for both black and white schools.

Question 14

The purpose of Title I is to

A)enable districts to develop curricular programs on multicultural education.
B)improve the education of economically disadvantaged children.
C)provide districts with funds to implement desegregation plans.
D)support educational programs that help handicapped children.

Question 15

School districts were required to implement many programs to accomplish desegregation over the years. Some are simple; others are complex. Each plan had its relative advantages. Identify several of these desegregation plans, and discuss their characteristics and advantages.

Question 16

A four-year-old disadvantaged child living in the inner city would probably be eligible for

A)controlled choice.
B)follow-through programs.
C)Head Start.
D)pullout programs.

Question 17

You are part of the legal team in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education . The case is winding down. The chief attorney for the Topeka Board of Education has just presented his closing arguments, stating his case as to why "separate but equal" should remain the status quo and the law of the land. As the chief attorney for Oliver L. Brown and his co-plaintiffs, it is your turn to present closing arguments. State your case briefly but concisely as to why "separate but equal" is in fact racial segregation and why educational integration must take place.

Question 18

It has been difficult in some communities to implement ________ due to long bus rides to other schools and large central-city districts with 50 percent or higher minority enrollment.

A)segregation
B)magnet schools
C)desegregation
D)charter schools

Question 19

Research on teaching in "African-American English" or other dialects has shown that

A)findings about the benefits of such programs are inconclusive.
B)students who do not speak a dialect resist the programs.
C)parents do not support the programs.
D)students will gain academically if initially taught in their own dialect.

Question 20

Compensatory school programs target

A)low-income students.
B)minority students.
C)gifted students.
D)female students.

Question 21

As a result of legal mandates that students must learn in the least restrictive environment possible, most students with special needs are targeted for placement in

A)regular classrooms.
B)self-contained classrooms.
C)special schools or facilities.
D)their home.

Question 22

Two Native American students have just joined the class. You want to foster mutual respect for cultural differences among your students, as well as enhance the learning of your two new students. Which of the following might help you the most?

A)the "sheltered immersion" approach
B)the TBE approach
C)homogeneous groups
D)multiethnic instruction

Question 23

The disproportionate placement of minority students in classes for the mentally retarded could be attributed to

A)problems that minority students experience in their home environment.
B)reliance on intelligence tests in identifying students for placement in such classes.
C)such students' disproportionately high scores on standardized achievement tests.
D)unskilled evaluators.

Question 24

Achievement of low-income minority students is likely to _____________ when students attend a middle-income nonminority school.

A)improve
B)decline
C)show no change
D)show little gains over a long period

Question 25

The movement toward cultural pluralism in this country reflects the need to

A)recognize the rights of different ethnic groups to exist in segregated fashion.
B)recognize the diversity present in American society, as well as the problems and advantages that are associated with that diversity.
C)find the proper mix of all cultures that creates what we call American culture.
D)determine the most constructive way to bring minority ethnic groups into mainstream American culture.

Question 26

In 2007, the Supreme Court ruled that school districts

A)may be segregated.
B)may use race as a part of the desegregation plan.
C)may not use race as part of the desegregation plan.
D)may halt all efforts to desegregate.

Question 27

In what ways did white citizens delay implementation of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Brown v . Topeka Board of Education ?

Question 28

Which of the following concepts is most closely related to inclusion?

A)least restrictive environment
B)pullout programs
C)labeling
D)disproportionate placement

Question 29

_____________ required the use of separate public facilities and services for African Americans.

A)The Rosa Parks law
B)The Civil Rights Act
C)Jim Crow laws
D)The 13^th Amendment

Question 30

During the desegregation of school districts, what is the underlying purpose of integration?

Question 31

A majority of children with disabilities receive most or all of their education in

A)regular classrooms.
B)self-contained classrooms.
C)special schools or facilities.
D)their homes.

Question 32

What are the differences between de facto segregation and de jure segregation?

Question 33

Studies indicate that the problems children experience as a result of being classified or placed in a special class or program

A)negatively affect academic achievement.
B)are largely related to peer acceptance.
C)linger even after services are no longer needed.
D)none of these; the results are inconclusive.

Question 34

Why is there a debate in compensatory education programs about whether to use a behavioristic direct-instruction approach or an approach emphasizing conceptual development and abstract thinking skills?

Question 35

What are magnet schools, and why might they receive community support?

Question 36

Under the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), what happens to schools that do not make adequate yearly progress (AYP)?

Question 37

What steps were taken to rectify the poor record of compensatory programs after a decade of implementation?

Question 38

Civil rights leaders, like Dr. Martin Luther King, were sparked by __________to challenge racial discrimination.

A)Brown v. Board of Education
B)the Bilingual Education Act
C)the 1964 Civil Rights Act
D)Roe v. Wade

Question 39

In big cities, an underlying cause of many segregation problems has been _____________.

A)pronounced housing  and neighborhood segregation
B)transportation
C)shortage of schools
D)local government

Question 40

Early research on mainstreaming and inclusion indicates that

A)there is no evidence that academic performance is consistently improved by these practices.
B)that higher performance occurs with time spent in self-contained classrooms.
C)that student self-esteem is negatively affected by these practices.
D)all of the above

Question 41

What arguments can be made for and against first-language maintenance as an approach to bilingual education?

Question 42

What extra expenses might a school district incur when trying to implement the Education for All Handicapped Children Act?

Question 43

Reflect on the outcome of the Emergency School Aid Act.