Deck 7: Gothic and Late Medieval Europe

Question 1

In the Gothic period, intellectual and spiritual life shifted from the monasteries to the _____.

A)cities
B)palaces
C)universities
D)convents

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Abbot Suger is credited with introducing Gothic forms at _____.

A)Saint-Sernin
B)Saint-Denis
C)Sainte-Chapelle
D)Notre-Dame, Paris

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In comparison to Romanesque sculptures, those created in the Gothic period are _____.

A)tied to their architectural structure
B)more abstract
C)reminiscent of the Byzantine style
D)more fully detached from the walls

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The bell tower of the Florence Cathedral is unlike its northern European counterparts because it _____.

A)reaches high into the heavens
B)is self-sufficient
C)employs spiral staircases
D)was made by a well-known architect, not an anonymous craftsman

Question 5

The _____ style of the High Gothic was preferred by the court of Saint Louis.

A)Perpindicular
B)Fan vault
C)Rayonnant
D)Mannerist

Question 6

The technique of _____ produced a greater range of colored glass for artists to use.

A)flashing
B)bar tracery
C)enamel
D)leading

Question 7

Which of the following is considered a masterpiece of the Rayonnant style?

A)Reims Cathedral
B)Sainte-Chapelle
C)Saint-Denis
D)Chartres Cathedral

Question 8

The 16th-century Italian artist and writer _____ used Gothic as a term of ridicule.

A)Cimabue
B)Dante
C)Giorgio Vasari
D)Saint Francis

Question 9

The Perpendicular style was popular in _____.

A)England
B)Germany
C)France
D)Italy

Question 10

Fan vaulting was most common in which of the following?

A)Germany
B)France
C)Italy
D)England

Question 11

Amiens Cathedral largely followed the plan and elevation of Chartres Cathedral but has _____.

A)lower vaults
B)more slender proportions
C)more aisles
D)a double transept

Question 12

During  the High Gothic, the gallery tribune was replaced by a band of arcades called the _____.

A)crenellation
B)gallery of the kings
C)lancet
D)triforium

Question 13

The Arena Chapel, which contains frescoes by Giotto di Bondone, was commissioned by _____.

A)the Sienese civic government
B)the guild of linen merchants
C)Giotto
D)Enrico Scrovegni

Question 14

Scholars consider the post-1194 Chartres Cathedral to be the first _____ building.

A)English
B)secular
C)High Gothic
D)Rayonnant

Question 15

Which of the following was characteristic of the work of Simone Martini?

A)Use of elegant flowing contour
B)Emphasis on drama
C)Bold modeling of the figures
D)Emphasis on delineation of three-dimensional space

Question 16

The Gothic style first appeared in _____.

A)Lombardy
B)Canterbury
C)Burgundy
D)the Île de France

Question 17

Indicating its innovative nature, the name given to the French Gothic style by its contemporaries was the _____.

A)opus modernum
B)Roman style
C)pilgrimage style
D)lux nova

Question 18

The _____ of Chartres takes its name from its jamb statues depicting kings and queens.

A)south transept
B)Royal Portal
C)rose window
D)oratory

Question 19

At Reims Cathedral _____ replaced the stone sculptures normally found in the tympanum.

A)solid bar tracery
B)mosaic
C)stained glass
D)murals

Question 20

The Cathedral of _____ was significant because it was the site of the coronation of French kings.

A)Notre-Dame
B)Reims
C)Naumburg
D)Amiens

Question 21

How do stained-glass windows differ from other forms of painting?

Question 22

In English Gothic architecture, an emphasis on _____ was not adopted from the French Gothic style.

A)colored stone
B)sculpted decoration
C)vaults
D)height

Question 23

Gothic manuscripts known as _____ paired Old Testament and New Testament scenes and provided an explanation of their meaning.

A)the Divine Comedy
B)Moralized Bibles
C)Gospel books
D)In Praise of Scribes

Question 24

The _____ was an architectural symbol of the importance of artisans and merchants.

A)Arena Chapel
B)Maestà
C)Reims Cathedral
D)Hall of the cloth guild in Bruges

Question 25

At Naumburg Cathedral the decorative program commissioned by _____ included sculptures of the church's benefactors.

A)Holy Roman emperor Frederick II
B)Dietrich II of Wettin
C)Nicholas of Verdun
D)Philip von Heinsberg

Question 26

What provided evidence of the growing urbanization of life in the late Middle Ages?

Question 27

How did the stone frames of stained-glass windows evolve?

Question 28

Although destroyed in the French Revolution, the decoration of the facade of Saint-Denis influenced later Gothic churches. What was the subject matter portrayed there and later on Chartres's Royal Portal?

Question 29

Describe Mary's role at Chartres. What demonstrates her growing importance?

Question 30

During the Gothic era, _____ was the leading city for book illumination.

A)Paris
B)Naumburg
C)Florence
D)Venice

Question 31

The sculptures of Ekkehard and Uta by the Naumburg Master appear to be _____.

A)Byzantine
B)French
C)portraits
D)Romanesque

Question 32

Which region was famous for its metalworkers and enamelers?

A)Meuse River
B)Burgundy
C)Tuscany
D)England

Question 33

Which new type of church furnishing might the artist Nicola Pisano have invented?

A)Pulpit
B)Altarpiece
C)Reliquary
D)Crucifix

Question 34

Describe how book production changed from earlier periods.

Question 35

In the image of God as the Creator of the World , God is depicted creating the universe using _____.

A)the Holy Spirit
B)magic
C)geometric principles
D)religious leaders

Question 36

What prompted the rebuilding of Saint-Denis, and why was Saint-Denis significant?

Question 37

How did theologians from the Gothic age describe the significance of stained-glass windows?

Question 38

The Röttgen Pietà reflects the growing interest in _____.

A)landscape
B)the apostles
C)Jesus's divine nature
D)Jesus's suffering

Question 39

The _____ style of art dominated Italian painting throughout the Middle Ages.

A)illusionistic
B)Byzantine
C)French
D)Pompeian

Question 40

_____ is regarded as the first Renaissance painter.

A)Enrico Scrovegni
B)Cimabue
C)Giotto di Bondone
D)Simone Martini

Question 41

What are some of the possible sources for Giotto's style?

Question 42

Although English Gothic churches, such as Salisbury Cathedral, borrowed the primary features of the Gothic style, there were also significant differences. Identify these differences considering the exterior and interior of Salisbury. How did English Gothic develop differently than French Gothic?

Question 43

The abundance of stained-glass windows is a hallmark of Gothic architecture. Why did theologians think that its presence was so important? How was stained glass created, and what visual effects did it impart?

Question 44

In the late medieval period, several different trends existed in sculpture and painting. Citing examples, identify the different trends. What inspired these different stylistic manners? How did artists adopt or depart from their sources?

Question 45

Which concepts does the term humanism encompass?

Question 46

Describe Giotto di Bondone's contributions to naturalism. Please consider his representation of figures, setting, and the lighting of images.

Question 47

What were the advantages of the Gothic rib vault?

Question 48

What are mystery plays, and how does the naturalism of Giotto's art reflect them?

Question 49

Chartres Cathedral is considered the first High Gothic church. Which features designate it as High Gothic? Please consider new features in the plan, structure, and nave elevation. What overall visual qualities were achieved?

Question 50

Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date. Give the reasons for your attributions, using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Suggested images, not in the text:

Question 51

How does the facade of Salisbury Cathedral differ from French facades?

Question 52

Siena was an important center in Italy in the late Middle Ages. Who is regarded as the most important painter? Describe the artists who followed, as well as their important contributions.

Question 53

What was the significance of the Meuse River region for sculpture in the Gothic period? Citing examples, describe the outstanding qualities of German sculpture.

Question 54

The Gothic style immediately became popular in other parts of Europe. Identify which regions embraced the Gothic style? Which aspects of the French style did they borrow? How did they adapt the Gothic to their own aesthetic preferences?

Question 55

Discuss the contribution of classical antiquity to Gothic art and architecture. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 56

Architectural sculpture continued to be significant in the Gothic age. To what extent does Gothic sculpture borrow or depart from the Romanesque? Were there any changes from the Early to the High Gothic period?