Deck 21: Rococo to Neoclassicism: the 18th Century in Europe and America

Question 1

A major force of political, social, and economic change in the 18th century was the ____.

A)Grand Tour
B)Salon
C)Enlightenment
D)discovery of Pompeii

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A leading advocate of the Enlightenment in France was which of the following?

A)Louis XVI
B)Voltaire
C)Isaac Newton
D)John Lock

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What type of subject matter did veduta painting portray?

Answer 3

They were characteristic scenes of a city, created to sell to the English visitor tourist.

Question 4

The philosopher ____ believed that the human capacity for feeling, sensibility, and emotions came before reason.

A)Isaac Newton
B)Voltaire
C)John Locke
D)Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 5

How does Jean-Antoine Houdon's George Washington make reference to the Roman Republic?

Question 6

At the turn of the century, the French Academy was divided rather sharply between two doctrines. Which doctrine taught that color was the most important element?

A)Grand Manner
B)Rubenistes
C)Poussinistes
D)Naturalists

Question 7

Which aspects of Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Lebrun's Self-Portrait are representative of the new "naturalistic" impulse in art?

Question 8

What is Grand Manner portraiture?

Question 9

The group of philosophers known as the ____ believed that the ills of humanity could be remedied by applying reason and common sense to problems.

A)Philosophes
B)Industrialists
C)Poussinistes
D)Academy

Question 10

How did Hogarth translate satire into the visual arts?

Question 11

Jacques Louis David painted the ____ to provide inspiration and encouragement to revolutionary forces.

A)Death of Marat
B)Death of General Wolfe
C)Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures
D)Oath of the Horatii

Question 12

How did Johann Winckelmann influence the rise of Neoclassicism?

Question 13

In Pilgrimage to Cythera , by Watteau, the elegant and sweet ____ are hallmarks of the artist's style.

A)blending of styles
B)human interactions
C)landscape compositions
D)poses of the figures

Question 14

The ____ is a free variation on Palladio's Villa Rotonda.

A)Houses of Parliament
B)Monticello
C)Chiswick House
D)Pantheon

Question 15

Antoine Watteau's depiction of the amusements and entertainments of the upper classes is called a ____.

A)fête galante
B)pays bonheur
C)sans souci
D)fête de jour

Question 16

The artist whose work best spoke for the French Revolution was which of the following?

A)Angelica Kauffmann
B)Jacques-Louis David
C)Honoré Fragonard
D)Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Lebrun

Question 17

Exposure to the art treasures of Italy on the Grand Tour played a major role in the rise of ____.

A)Romanticism
B)Rococo style
C)natural art
D)Neoclassicism

Question 18

In the absence of a contrived pose, Vigée-Lebrun's Self-Portrait characterized the new ____ in art.

A)classical mode
B)refined elegance
C)naturalistic impulse
D)emphasis on drama

Question 19

Thomas Jefferson's redesign of Monticello was influenced by ____ and the Chiswick House?

A)the architecture in Canaletto's veduta paintings
B)Walpole's Strawberry Hill
C)Palladio's Villa Rotonda
D)the Etruscan room

Question 20

The American leader ____ embraced Neoclassicism because of its associations with important virtues such as morality, idealism, and patriotism.

A)Thomas Jefferson
B)Napoleon
C)George IV
D)George Washington

Question 21

Evaluate the influence the discovery and excavation of Pompeii and Herculaneum had on late-18th century and early-19th-century Europe. How did these sites reshape the visual arts? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 22

Contrast the work of Vigée-Lebrun and Kauffmann. How does each artist reflect her environment, and how does she define her work? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 23

Select three works of art or architecture from the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Assess these works as representational of the styles and periods from these centuries. How do they conform to the philosophies and ideologies of their styles? How do they inform the viewer of the environment, and how do they reflect the artist and the country of origin?

Question 24

What was the political meaning attributed to David's Oath of the Horatii ?