Deck 3: Culture: With Emphasis on Transcultural Encounters and Exchanges

Question 1

Beliefs, values, and norms are part of

A)nonmaterial culture.
B)material culture.
C)cultural diffusion.
D)reentry shock.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which one of the following descriptions best applies to North Korea?

A)isolated
B)capitalist
C)dynamic economy
D)democratic

Answer 2

A

Question 3

"Continuous conversation, rather than silence, validates a relationship." This statement is an example of a

A)belief.
B)value.
C)norm.
D)folkway.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

__________ are ideas that people accept as true about how the world operates and about the place of the individual in it.

A)Values
B)Norms
C)Beliefs
D)Symbols

Question 5

Which one of the following words does not capture culture's dynamic qualities?

A)isolated
B)dynamic
C)evolving
D)elusive

Question 6

A folkway is

A)a fable parents read to their children.
B)a norm that applies to routine and everyday matters.
C)a norm that applies to serious matters.
D)a myth about how a culture came to be.

Question 7

In Korea young children of both sexes bathe with their mothers and other women in public. This expectation for behavior in the context of a bathhouse is a

A)belief.
B)norm.
C)value.
D)way of life.

Question 8

In Korea, diners reach and stretch across one another and use their chopsticks to take food from serving bowls. These rules are

A)values.
B)norms.
C)beliefs.
D)rude.

Question 9

Which one of the following descriptions best applies to South Korea?

A)isolated
B)centrally-planned economy
C)dynamic economy
D)communist

Question 10

Sociologist William Graham Sumner wrote that " _______ give us discipline and support of routine and habit"; if we were forced constantly to make decisions about these details, "the burden would be unbearable."

A)mores
B)folkways
C)beliefs
D)values

Question 11

American sociologists studying Korean bathhouses would be struck by the

A)private nature of the bath.
B)tense atmosphere.
C)lack of self-consciousness regarding the body.
D)casual interactions between adult men and women.

Question 12

Material culture includes

A)norms.
B)values.
C)beliefs.
D)trees

Question 13

When sociologists think about ____________, they consider how people use the object and the meanings people assign to it.

A)beliefs
B)material culture
C)nonmaterial culture
D)folkways

Question 14

Our everyday use of the word "culture" suggests that we use the term in ways that emphasize

A)differences.
B)overlap.
C)tolerance.
D)understanding.

Question 15

"It is more sanitary to eat with a spoon rather than your hands." This statement is an example of

A)a belief.
B)a value.
C)a norm.
D)common sense.

Question 16

Material culture includes

A)physical objects people have invented, such as a diamond ring.
B)conceptions of what is right and good, such as "true friendship".
C)the desire for material possessions.
D)rules for behavior, such as "stop for pedestrians in crosswalk".

Question 17

In context of Korean bathhouses, Korean women do not define a towel as something to be used to cover their bodies because they are influenced by

A)cultural beliefs.
B)material culture.
C)the media.
D)ethnocentrism.

Question 18

___________ give us discipline and support of routine and habit.

A)Folkways
B)Mores
C)Beliefs
D)Feeling rules

Question 19

In the United States, many diners pass items around the table and use special serving utensils to take food from bowls and plates. These behaviors represent

A)values.
B)norms.
C)beliefs.
D)common sense.

Question 20

Signs that read "No Smoking," "Honk Horn to Open," and "Emergency Exit Only" specify

A)values.
B)norms.
C)beliefs.
D)mores.

Question 21

In the United States, singular possessive pronouns (e.g., "my")are used to refer to things over which we do not have exclusive control or ownership. This reflects the American preoccupation with

A)the group.
B)the individual.
C)competitiveness.
D)resources.

Question 22

Feeling rules are

A)the same in all cultures.
B)norms that specify appropriate ways to express physical sensations.
C)innate, not learned.
D)unique to each individual.

Question 23

The use of the word "my" (e.g., my mother)as opposed to "our" (e.g., our mother)reflects a preoccupation with

A)the needs of the group.
B)the needs of the individual.
C)parenthood.
D)the maternal instinct.

Question 24

Consumption- and conservation-oriented behaviors seem to be related to

A)genetic qualities.
B)culture.
C)resource shortage and abundance.
D)population size.

Question 25

_____________ are physical and conceptual phenomena to which people assign a name and a meaning or value.

A)Beliefs
B)Values
C)Norms
D)Symbols

Question 26

North Korean president Kim Il-Sung was raised a Christian and even played the church organ. After taking power, Kim completely wiped out Christianity from his country. This example supports the view that

A)people are cultural replicas of one another.
B)people have the power to reject, manipulate, and create culture.
C)there are cultural formulas for passing on cultural experiences.
D)people are passive agents who absorb one version of culture.

Question 27

Korean-American youths who travel to South Korea to participate in cultural immersion programs observe that "they never feel so American as when they are slurping noodles in Korea. Even their slurps have American accents." This example suggests that

A)our genes endow us with our cultural characteristics.
B)there is connection between physical appearance and culture.
C)people learn the ways of the culture into which they are born and raised.
D)humans are born with cultural characteristics.

Question 28

Which one of the following statements speaks to the role of age in the Korean language?

A)It is impossible to carry on a conversation without taking age into consideration.
B)Korean language has very few references to age.
C)Korean forms of address require the speaker to refer to elder brothers and sisters by their first names.
D)Koreans must use a special name to address a younger sibling.

Question 29

"The sounds coming from a bird leads a speaker of English to think that the bird is singing, while it leads a speaker of Korean to think that the bird is weeping." This difference supports the

A)reentry shock concept.
B)linguistic relativity hypothesis.
C)idea of institutional completeness.
D)existence of counter cultures.

Question 30

People who violate ______________ are usually punished severely - they can be ostracized, institutionalized or condemned to die.

A)folkways
B)norms
C)mores
D)beliefs

Question 31

The Korean use of "our" (e.g., our mother)and the use of "my" (e.g., my mother)in the United States suggests that

A)people everywhere value their mothers.
B)people see the world through the language(s)they have learned.
C)Koreans value the individual over the group.
D)language is universal.

Question 32

Which one of the following practices helps to explain how Kim Il-Sung and his son Kim Jong-Il have come to dominate North Korean emotional life?

A)Images of Kim Il-Sung and Kim Jong-Il are rarely seen.
B)Objects that the two leaders touch are destroyed.
C)Five percent of book titles in North Korea are about the two Kims.
D)North Korean students at all levels take hundreds of hours of coursework that focus on the lives and accomplishments of the two Kims.

Question 33

One important historical event that has shaped the way Americans think about and use energy is the

A)Gold Rush of 1849.
B)discovery of Spindletop (a Texas oil gusher)in 1901.
C)invention of the car.
D)Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s.

Question 34

_________ is a staple of the South Korean diet while ____________ is a staple of the U.S. diet.

A)Rice; corn
B)Rice; hot dogs
C)Corn; rice
D)Fruit; burgers

Question 35

One indicator of culture's influence on satisfying hunger is that

A)only a portion of the potential food available is defined as edible.
B)people everywhere eat three meals a day.
C)fast food appeals to people everywhere.
D)if people are hungry enough, they will eat just about anything.

Question 36

____________ are internal bodily sensations that we experience in relationships with other people.

A)Social emotions
B)Feeling rules
C)Emotional states
D)Expressive norms

Question 37

In time, American women who visit Korean bathhouses report that they

A)simply cannot adjust to social nudity.
B)are emotionally drained from the experience.
C)come to see being naked with other women and children as unremarkable.
D)see social nakedness as morally wrong, especially with children.

Question 38

Part of the reason Koreans conserve energy more than their U.S. counterparts relates to

A)innate differences.
B)the conservative nature of Koreans.
C)the amount of natural resources in each country.
D)the fact that Americans are simply wasteful.

Question 39

The value placed on the ____________ underlies the Korean use of "our" versus "my".

A)survival of the fittest
B)self-made person
C)group
D)individual achievement

Question 40

"No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality." This sentence applies to

A)ethnocentrism.
B)cultural diffusion.
C)culture shock.
D)the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Question 41

The U.S. Army publishes a list of "Must Know Items" about South Korea for American soldiers who are stationed there. One item says, "Don't be surprised if you see two Korean women or men walking arm in arm. They are just good friends, and there is nothing sexual implied." The Army is alerting soldiers to

A)material culture.
B)feeling rules.
C)reverse ethnocentrism.
D)idioms.

Question 42

The 86,000 Jehovah's Witnesses who live in South Korea trace their beginnings to a small group of Bible students from Pennsylvania. This "borrowing" of religion is an example of

A)reverse ethnocentrism.
B)cultural relativity.
C)transcultural diffusion.
D)culture shock.

Question 43

Reverse ethnocentrism is best reflected in which of the following statements?

A)America-Love it or leave it!
B)We have to become more like the Koreans.
C)Buy American.
D)Korea is the next Japan.

Question 44

An individual who adopts cultural relativism aims to __________ a cultural practice.

A)understand
B)condone
C)discredit
D)accept uncritically

Question 45

People of one society borrow ideas, materials, or inventions from another culture

A)indiscriminately.
B)selectively.
C)regardless of the usefulness of what is borrowed.
D)even though it is always a troublesome process.

Question 46

From a(n)_____________ viewpoint, one's group is the center and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it.

A)cultural relative
B)reentry shock
C)sociological
D)ethnocentric

Question 47

Which one of the following newspaper headlines suggests that transcultural diffusion is at work?

A)"Polish TV Introduces Korean Food"
B)"Korea Has Few Oil Reserves"
C)"Korea Goes It Alone"
D)"Few Americans Study Abroad"

Question 48

The most extreme and most destructive form of ethnocentrism is

A)reverse ethnocentrism.
B)defining foreign ways as peculiar.
C)cultural genocide.
D)self-determination.

Question 49

Which one of the following statements is not a type of ethnocentrism?

A)A foreign culture is perceived as the standard for judging the worth of a home culture.
B)Outsiders deem a culture so offensive that they believe it must be destroyed.
C)People believe so deeply in their culture's ways that they have no framework for thinking about other cultures.
D)A cultural practice is considered in light of its own cultural context.

Question 50

Under Japanese rule, Korean students were taught by Japanese teachers, Korean names were changed to Japanese names, and practically everything Korean was abandoned. The Japanese were guilty of

A)cultural relativity.
B)institutional completeness.
C)reverse ethnocentrism.
D)cultural genocide.

Question 51

A U.S. soldier returning to the U.S. after a tour of duty in Iraq stated that he was "less tolerant of stupid people…stupid people doing stupid things" and that he was particularly irritated by the question, "Did you kill anyone?" The soldier is experiencing

A)institutional completeness.
B)cultural relativity.
C)reentry shock.
D)cultural diffusion.

Question 52

The tendency to hold your own culture as a standard against which other cultures are judged is

A)cultural relativity.
B)cultural awareness.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)multicultural relativism.

Question 53

An American returning home after living abroad commented, "So many things made me angry. Why did Americans have such big gas-guzzling cars? Why were all the commercials telling me I had to buy this product in order to be liked?" This anger reflects

A)institutional completeness.
B)cultural relativity.
C)reentry shock.
D)cultural transmission.

Question 54

The practice of male circumcision in South Korea can be traced to contact with the U.S. military during the Korean War. This process represents

A)reverse ethnocentrism.
B)culture shock.
C)transculture diffusion.
D)re-entry shock.

Question 55

The view that any aspect of culture must be assessed in the context of the society in which it is found is called

A)ethnocentrism.
B)cultural relativism.
C)cultural genocide.
D)cultural borrowing.

Question 56

Reentry shock is ___________ in reverse; it is experienced upon returning home after living in another culture.

A)material culture
B)culture shock
C)ethnocentrism
D)cultural relativity

Question 57

The Korean song Gangnam Style broke the all time You-Tube record for number of hits. The song was a global sensation. The song is an example of

A)culture shock.
B)transcultural diffusion.
C)re-entry shock.
D)reverse ethnocentrism.

Question 58

_______________ is the strain that people from one culture experience when they must orient themselves to the ways of a new culture.

A)Culture shock
B)Ethnocentrism
C)Diffusion
D)Reverse ethnocentrism

Question 59

Foreign reporters covering North Korea learned to their surprise that the Da Vinci Code was a hit and Celine Dion songs are popular. This is an example of

A)reverse ethnocentrism.
B)culture shock.
C)transcultural diffusion.
D)re-entry shock.

Question 60

According to sociologist Everett Hughes, "One can think so exclusively in terms of his or her own social world that he or she has no set of concepts for comparing one social world to the next." Hughes is describing

A)cultural genocide.
B)a kind of ethnocentrism.
C)institutional completeness.
D)cultural relativity.

Question 61

When they observe Girls' Generation and other K-pop groups, sociologists note the value Korean's place on the group because

A)there are two lead singers.
B)individual personalities stand out.
C)there is no lead singer.
D)the members dress distinctly but in same color clothes.

Question 62

For the U.S. the universally high value placed on ____________ can qualify as a cultural anchor.

A)football
B)apple pie
C)freedom
D)the group

Question 63

When people learn a new language they must learn meanings attached to the multitude of sounds that make up a language. In this sense language is a _________________ system.

A)norm
B)value
C)symbol
D)belief

Question 64

The number of members (e.g. nine)and the choreography of Girls' Generation and other K-pop groups reflect the value Korean's place on

A)music.
B)personal effort.
C)the group.
D)the individual.

Question 65

Because it is impossible to describe a culture or way of life that everyone in a society shares in all its aspects, sociologists look to _________________ as what hold people together as a culture.

A)folkways
B)cultural universals
C)cultural anchors
D)geographic forces

Question 66

When North Korean soldiers on the DMZ look through windows of a building where South Korean diplomats are meeting with U.S. diplomats, the exchange qualifies as

A)ethnocentrism.
B)folkway.
C)a transnational encounter.
D)cultural relativism.

Question 67

Those learning languages must learn rules about how to order words. Sociologists call those rules

A)symbols.
B)beliefs.
C)norms.
D)values.

Question 68

Buddhists monks constitute a counterculture known as _____________ because they are in search of enlightenment through simple living, modest dreams, and vegetarian diet.

A)communitarian utopians
B)mystics
C)radical activists
D)right-wings

Question 69

Communitarian utopians

A)demand society change.
B)search for truth.
C)withdraw into a separate community.
D)disregard society and float above it.

Question 70

A Korean American Catholic Church shares many of the cultural traits of mainstream Catholicism such as a clerical collar worn by priests but its statues of Mary and Jesus have Korean appearance. The Korean American church qualifies as a

A)primary group.
B)secondary group.
C)subculture.
D)counter culture.

Question 71

To date, American parents have adopted 120,000 Korean children since the end of the Korean War. This process cultivates

A)ethnocentrism.
B)folkways.
C)transnational relationships.
D)cultural relativism.

Question 72

"They do not so much attack society as disregard it so they can float above it in search of enlightenment." This statement best applies to

A)communitarian utopians.
B)mystics.
C)radical activists.
D)right-wings.

Question 73

The term transcultural alerts us to the fact that

A)cultures exists in isolation.
B)cultures have clear cut boundaries.
C)people from different cultures cross national boundaries to interact.
D)most people live in a bubble.

Question 74

Jeannette remarked to her friend after returning from studying in Korea, "I wonder why American's health care system is so complicated and so expensive? In Korea I could drop into a small hospital (they were on almost every corner)see a doctor and pay $7." Jeannette is experiencing

A)cultural shock.
B)re-entry shock.
C)cultural relativism.
D)internalization.

Question 75

Tiffany, one of the two Korean-American girls in the K-pop group Girls' Generation thought she would be able to adjust easily to life in Korea because her parents spoke Korean at home in the U.S. But she found that she had to learn so many little things.  Tiffany was experiencing

A)reverse ethnocentrism.
B)re-entry shock.
C)culture shock.
D)cultural relativism.

Question 76

Kyeong Kang experienced _______________ when he moved from Korea to Georgia at age 14. He didn't know English and he had to adjust to what seemed like a lack of respect for elders.

A)re-entry shock
B)institutional completeness
C)culture shock
D)cultural relativism

Question 77

Which one of the following groups represents an example of a counterculture?

A)a sorority
B)a fraternity
C)a retirement community
D)Buddhist monks

Question 78

The U.S. military has personnel stationed in 140 countries. The military constitutes a ______________ when it is not welcomed by the residents.

A)primary group
B)secondary group
C)subculture
D)counter culture

Question 79

Organizers of the gay games can be considered _________________ in that they have created a new order in which anyone, regardless of ability or sexual orientation, can compete.

A)communitarian utopians
B)mystics
C)radical activists
D)right-wings

Question 80

In any society there are many groups that share values of the mainstream culture but possess cultural characteristics that set them apart in some way. These groups are known as

A)counter cultures.
B)secondary groups.
C)subcultures.
D)primary groups.