Deck 15: Population and Health Care: With Emphasis on the Us Health Care System in Global Context

Question 1

According to Thomas Malthus, epidemics, war, and famine are examples of

A)positive checks.
B)demographic traps.
C)demographic gaps.
D)catastrophic events.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Each year, 21.7 million Americans move from one residence to another within the same county. This type of migration is known as

A)immigration.
B)emigration.
C)internal migration.
D)international.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which one of the following factors represents an example of a push factor?

A)favorable climate
B)employment opportunities
C)equal opportunity
D)natural disaster

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The term _________ refers to the movement of people from one residence to another.

A)demographic transition.
B)population density.
C)migration.
D)outgroup.

Question 5

Stage 1 of the demographic transition is often referred to as the stage of high potential growth because

A)the fertility rate is so high.
B)the mortality rate is so low.
C)if something happened to cause the death rate to decline, population would increase dramatically.
D)the potential crude death rate is 50 per 1,000.

Question 6

A ______________ is a group of people who share common experiences and perspectives by virtue of the time they were born.

A)population pyramid
B)population base
C)cohort
D)lifestyle

Question 7

Movement within the boundaries of a single country is known as

A)emigration.
B)immigration.
C)internal migration.
D)intercontinental migration.

Question 8

The population pyramid for Japan can be labeled as _____ because it is narrower at the base than in the middle, which illustrates that the population consists disproportionately of middle-aged and older people.

A)expansive
B)constrictive
C)stationary
D)triangular

Question 9

A population's age and sex composition is commonly depicted as a

A)three-dimensional graph.
B)cohort.
C)population pyramid.
D)demographic transition.

Question 10

The population pyramid for Niger can be labeled as _____ because it is broadest at the base and each successive cohort is smaller than the one below.

A)expansive
B)constrictive
C)stationary
D)triangular

Question 11

The _________________ is a way of displaying population data that allows us to compare the sizes of age cohorts and the percentages of males and females in each cohort.

A)population pyramid
B)cohort group
C)population line chart
D)birth rate

Question 12

Which one of the following factors represents an example of a pull factor?

A)discrimination
B)high unemployment
C)favorable climate
D)political persecution

Question 13

The theory of the demographic transition hypothesizes that the less economically and industrially developed countries will

A)cease to exist within 100 years due to high death rates.
B)follow the pattern of western Europe and North America.
C)merge with more advanced countries.
D)continue to see slow growth rates.

Question 14

The ____________ is the average number of children that women in a specific population bear over their lifetimes.

A)total fertility rate
B)crude birth rate
C)age-specific birth rate
D)infant mortality rate

Question 15

__________ are frequent and violent fluctuations in the death rate caused by war, famine, and epidemics.

A)Mortality crises
B)Life expectancy crises
C)Crude death rates
D)Tragedies

Question 16

______________ refers to the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of a termination of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or the way it is managed.

A)Maternal mortality
B)Pregnancy-induced death
C)Infant mortality
D)Terminal pregnancy

Question 17

The 2011 earthquake in Haiti in which 222,500 people died represents a

A)mortality crisis.
B)life expectancy crisis.
C)tragedy.
D)degenerative disease.

Question 18

According to the theory of the demographic transition, a country's birth rates relative to its death rates are linked to

A)the percentage of the population under the age of five.
B)its level of industrial or economic development.
C)its migration rates.
D)its proximity to the equator.

Question 19

The United States population pyramid qualifies as ______ because, except for the oldest categories, each cohort is roughly the same size.

A)expansive
B)constrictive
C)stationary
D)triangular

Question 20

From the perspective of Thomas Malthus, the 12,748 natural disasters that killed about 32.5 million people since 1900 would be considered

A)mortality crises.
B)preventive checks.
C)plagues.
D)positive checks.

Question 21

Which one of the following is false about the United States with regard to health care?

A)The U.S. spends substantially more than other countries on health care.
B)The U.S. is a leader in health care outcomes such as infant mortality and life expectancy.
C)The U.S. spends an amount on health care that is equal to 17.6% of GDP.
D)Rising and expensive health care costs have made health care unaffordable for many Americans.

Question 22

One reason that minorities have worse health outcomes than those considered white is that they are

A)more likely to be uninsured.
B)less likely to care about health care outcomes.
C)older.
D)more likely to overuse health care services.

Question 23

The least important of the reasons listed below for the decline in death rates in Western societies was

A)improvement in agricultural technology.
B)improvement in sanitation.
C)medical advances.
D)proper disposal of sewage.

Question 24

AIDS researchers believe that the global epidemic known as HIV/AIDS started as early as

A)1930
B)1960
C)1980
D)2000

Question 25

Which one of the following factors is least responsible for the decline in mortality crises that accompany Stage 2 of the demographic transition?

A)the development of winter fodder for cattle
B)the discovery of canning as a method for food preservation
C)the manufacture of cheap cotton cloth
D)the discovery of antibiotics

Question 26

Which one of the factors listed was the likely source of the HIV/AIDS epidemic?

A)European efforts to test for sleepy sickness.
B)African practice of eating monkeys.
C)High-risk sexual practices.
D)Contaminated medications

Question 27

A pharmaceutical company runs as ad for a depression medicine. The ad lists symptoms of depression as including "hopelessness," "sadness" and "loneliness." The ad does not mention "psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day." It appears the company wants as many people as possible to see themselves as depressed. This strategy represents an example of

A)the medicalization process.
B)the socialization process.
C)internalization.
D)differential association.

Question 28

Ties with people that transcend an organizational setting qualify as

A)informal ties.
B)formal ties.
C)secondary relationships.
D)weak ties.

Question 29

Alcoholism, violence, drug addiction, behavior problems (ADHD), aging, erectile dysfunction, sadness, baldness, obesity, and short stature are conditions that have been

A)medicalized.
B)internalized.
C)personalized.
D)generalized.

Question 30

_____________ offers an explanation for why those in low-income and disadvantaged populations have worse health outcomes and lower life expectancy than those in advantaged populations.

A)The theory of the demographic transition
B)The theory of fundamental causes
C)Labeling theory
D)Theory of differential association

Question 31

One international survey of 100 insurers in 25 countries found that the cost of 22 out of 23 medical services and products ranging from a routine doctor's visit to coronary bypass surgery were highest in

A)the United States
B)Germany
C)Switzerland
D)Canada

Question 32

The _________ health care system is the most expensive in the world.

A)United States
B)Swiss
C)South African
D)Canadian

Question 33

HIV's origin must be placed in the context of

A)sexual practices of African peoples.
B)European colonial rule of Congo and other African countries.
C)bizarre rituals surrounding monkeys.
D)uncivilized environments.

Question 34

Relationships people form in the context in their workplace, school, religious group and other organizations qualify as

A)formal ties.
B)informal ties.
C)strong ties.
D)primary ties.

Question 35

According to a survey of health care consumers in 12 countries (Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Mexico, Portugal, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States), people living in ______________are among those least satisfied with their system of health care.

A)the United States
B)Brazil
C)China
D)France

Question 36

Birth rates fall below replacement when the average woman has fewer than ______ child/children over the course of her reproductive life.

A)one
B)2.1
C)3.1
D)four

Question 37

The ___________is the number one country sending nurses to the United States.

A)Brazil
B)Britain
C)Philippines
D)Canada

Question 38

The medical profession, especially physicians, extend their reach over more areas of life through a process known as

A)medicalization.
B)differential association.
C)socialization.
D)internalization.

Question 39

Until recently physicians have "been the voice of authority". Physician authority has been undermined by a number of factors.  Which one is not one of those factors?

A)Other stakeholders have taken a visible and more active role in deciding the diagnosis and course of treatment.
B)Pharmaceutical companies market drugs directly to consumers.
C)Patients are overwhelmed with information making them apathetic patients.
D)Insurance companies often set the terms of care and treatment.

Question 40

For a sociological point of view health, disease and illness are not just biological experiences. They are also ________ experiences.

A)social
B)medical
C)long-term
D)pharmacological

Question 41

The British Medical Association wrote, "All countries must strive to attain self-sufficiency in their health care workforce without generating adverse consequences for other countries." In issuing this statement the Association was responding to

A)subsidized education.
B)out-migration.
C)in-migration.
D)brain drain.

Question 42

Which one of the following is considered a disease of poverty (e.g. communicable)?

A)Heart disease
B)Malaria
C)Chronic lung disease
D)Cancer

Question 43

The process of undoing colonization is known as

A)imperialism.
B)decolonization.
C)recolonization.
D)insurgency.

Question 44

A baby born in __________ has the best chance of surviving its first year of life.

A)the United States
B)Japan
C)China
D)Italy

Question 45

The British Medical Association wrote, "Developed countries must assist developing countries in expanding their capacity to train and retain physicians and nurses which will enable them to become self-sufficient." The Association was responding to

A)subsidized education.
B)out-migration.
C)in-migration.
D)brain drain.

Question 46

Consumers are part of the medicalization process when they engage in all but which of the following?

A)demand cosmetic procedures and surgeries
B)insist on specific medical treatments
C)make decisions about the medical services for which they will pay
D)passively follow physician's recommendation for treatment

Question 47

Some scholars argue that United States and Canada are technically still colonized lands because

A)the Native American peoples declared independence.
B)they have advanced so quickly.
C)of their wealth and overall prosperity.
D)it was the colonists and their descendents who declared independence.

Question 48

__________ is a form of domination in which a foreign power uses its superior military force to impose its political, economic, social and cultural institutions on an indigenous population wit the aim of dominating their resources, labor and markets.

A)Neocolonialism
B)Social stratification
C)Conflict
D)Colonialism

Question 49

A baby born is __________ has the worst chances of surviving the first year of life.

A)China
B)Mexico
C)Afghanistan
D)Vietnam

Question 50

The medicalization process is a five stage process. Stage 1 is

A)the government gives medical profession a mandate to treat condition.
B)the medical diagnosis is accepted.
C)stakeholders lobby to have the condition added to the list of conditions medical community treats.
D)a behavior/condition is defined as deviant.

Question 51

__________ is the term for continuing economic dependence on former colonial powers.

A)Neocolonialism
B)Social stratification
C)Conflict
D)Colonialism

Question 52

Which one of the following is considered a disease of affluence?

A)Scarlet fever
B)Chronic lung disease
C)Whooping cough
D)Diphtheria

Question 53

When a behavioral or physical problem is ___________ it changes the way we think about the condition. Specifically it is less likely to be considered a sin; now it is a disease.

A)rationalized
B)internalized
C)medicalized
D)intellectualized

Question 54

A country is considered modern if it possesses at least eight characteristics. Which one of the following is not considered one of those eight?

A)A system of mass media and communication is in place.
B)People feel a sense of loyalty to a country.
C)Goods and services are widely available.
D)People feel a sense of loyalty to an extended family.

Question 55

A country is considered modern if it possesses at least eight characteristics. Which one of the following is considered one of those eight?

A)A high proportion of the population lives in rural areas.
B)Energy to produce food, goods, and services revolves around physical exertion.
C)People have a voice in economics and political affairs.
D)Literacy is for an elite few.

Question 56

The U.S. FDA has approved breast implants as well as Botox and other treatments. In doing so it is granting the medical profession the use of a recommended treatment. This act falls under which stage of the medicalization process?

A)legitimacy (stage 4)
B)claims making (stage 3)
C)prospecting (stage 2)
D)institutionalized (stage 5)

Question 57

What is medicalization? Identify something that has been medicalized. Identify at least two agents of medicalization and describe their role in the process.

Question 58

The sociologist most known for medicalization is

A)Peter Conrad.
B)Erving Goffman.
C)Howard Becker.
D)Max Weber.

Question 59

______________ is the flow of the most educated people from poor to rich economies.

A)Subsidized education
B)Out-migration
C)In-migration
D)Brain drain

Question 60

"The body has become a project, from extreme makeover to minor touch ups and medicine has become a vehicle for improvement." This statement captures the essence of

A)internalization.
B)socialization.
C)differential association.
D)medicalization.

Question 61

Identify the social causes of health and diseases -- that is, identify things humans do (or have done)to cause/create disease and maintain health.

Question 62

Review characteristics of U.S health care. Which have you experienced first-hand? Give examples.

Question 63

Relative to parents and grandparents what are the health care needs of each generation -- you, your parents, and your grandparents?