Deck 5: Crimes of Interpersonal Violence

Question 1

People who commit assault typically compile longer records of offenses than other criminals.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Of the four stages that lead one to be a violent offender, which one involves experiencing physical coercion to submit to authority?

A) Brutalization
B) Belligerency
C) Violent performances
D) Virulency

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Homicide rates in the United States are highest in the South.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

More than half of murder offenders and victims:

A) are strangers
B) are intimate with one another (married, cohabitating, dating)
C) are acquaintances (friends, neighbors, causal acquaintances)
D) more than half are not in any one category

Question 5

Which of the following would be considered a part of the sociological conception of crime?

A) Behaviors that violate a specific criminal statute, such as robbery.
B) Violations of regulatory law created by agencies of the federal government such as the Federal Trade Commission.
C) Odd behavior on city streets and elevators, which may not be considered against the law of a government, but still disrupt social order.
D) Both a and b

Question 6

If something is considered wrong only because it is prohibited by law, lawyers often refer to that type of crime as "mala prohibita."

Question 7

Another term for conventional or street crimes is:

A) white-collar crime
B) common-law crime
C) delinquency
D) petty crime

Question 8

Male victims of rape are less likely to report rape to the police than female victims.

Question 9

According to Widom, early experiences of child abuse:

A) have no effect on the likelihood of abusing later as an adult
B) constitute a risk factor in later violent behavior
C) lead directly to abusing later as an adult
D) guarantee future abuse of children, but not of one's spouse

Question 10

Sociologists can apply no universal standard for judging cases of child abuse and neglect.

Question 11

Certain crimes are considered bad in themselves, such as rape and murder and robbery. The term lawyers like to use for "bad in themselves" is:

A) mala prohibita
B) doli incapax
C) mala in se
D) mens rea

Question 12

A national incidence survey found that the percentage of husbands victimized exceeded the percentage of wives victimized.

Question 13

The word "homicide" means to kill someone illegally.

Question 14

In most rape situations the offender and the victim know each other.

Question 15

When discussing types of criminals, it is most helpful to classify them based on the categories of legal offenses that describe their behavior.

Question 16

A criminal career includes which of the following roles?

A) A commitment to crimes as a social role and characteristic activity.
B) Identification with crime.
C) Progression in crime through the development of increasingly complex and sophisticated criminal techniques and attitudes.
D) All of the above.

Question 17

Rates of intimate partner violence have increased over the past two decades.

Question 18

The industrialized country with the highest homicide rate is:

A) the United States
B) Finland
C) Sweden
D) Ireland

Question 19

Murders among the middle and upper classes are more likely to include:

A) pre-meditation
B) alcohol
C) lack of personal gain
D) cocaine

Question 20

The concept of __________ states that violence frequently results from an attempt to establish or reestablish a position of power over another person?

A) Race
B) Gang affiliation
C) Differential power
D) Alcohol

Question 21

Oliver (1994) noted that men who had committed assaults reported that most of the assaultive episodes resulted from a series of precipitating conditions known as:

A) independent transgressions
B) specific transgressions
C) cumulative transgressions
D) autonomy transgressions

Question 22

According to the Stanford Rape Education Project:

A) one in three female students has been raped
B) nearly half of all female students have been raped
C) around 40% of male students have been raped
D) college students are rarely if ever raped

Question 23

An application of physical force with the intent to do severe bodily harm to settle a dispute is classed?

A) Battery
B) Aggravated assault
C) Manslaughter
D) Assault and battery

Question 24

_______ said that rape was the ultimate physical threat to women.

A) Smith
B) Phillips
C) Brownmiller
D) Strauss

Question 25

When comparing rates of child abuse internationally, we find that the U.S. rate of abuse:

A) is higher than in other countries
B) is higher than in other countries
C) are comparable to those in other countries
D) international comparative studies have not been conducted

Question 26

A national incidence survey found that in _____ of the violent homes both men and women committed offenses.

A) one-fourth
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) two-thirds

Question 27

Rape shares a number of characteristics with what other crimes?

A) Drug crimes
B) Vandalism and auto theft
C) Burglary and other property crimes
D) Crimes of interpersonal violence

Question 28

Of the following four sociological explanations for rape, which one did not receive empirical support?

A) rape represents an extension of legitimate violence in society
B) rape varies with the degree of gender inequality
C) rape results in part from depictions of women as sexual objects in pornography
D) rape results from value conflicts in the larger society

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a recent legal reform for rape cases?

A) Shield laws that prevent publication of victims' names.
B) Many states have increased the requirements for corroboration by others of rape victims' testimony.
C) Many states have expanded rape limits to include any nonconsensual sexual behavior and not just intercourse.
D) The number of special units in police departments dealing with rape cases has increased

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor or family characteristic that contributes to child abuse?

A) Grandparent is primary guardian
B) Family size
C) Income
D) Single-parent households

Question 31

In general, murderers:

A) think of themselves as criminals
B) recidivate often
C) do not engage in criminal careers
D) do not end their criminal ways just because they are arrested

Question 32

Spousal abuse includes which of the following offenses?

A) Marital rape
B) Physical violence
C) Sexual abuse
D) All of the above

Question 33

Criminal justice officials handle spouse abuse cases as instances of ______.

A) endangerment
B) assault
C) stalking
D) aggravated kidnapping

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a way that we can distinguish criminals from one another?

A) commitment
B) abstention
C) identification
D) progression

Question 35

Another term for white-collar crimes is:

A) Occupational crime
B) common-law crime
C) delinquency
D) petty crime

Question 36

Personal violence in urban areas is highest among young age groups and males. In the United States, what age group shows much higher homicide rates than any other group?

A) 12-14
B) 15-17
C) 18-24
D) All of the above

Question 37

A late 1960s study in the Philadelphia correctional system found that almost _____ percent of male inmates that had passed through the system had been raped.

A) 4
B) 10
C) 38
D) 54

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a reason why rape victims may not report the crime to the police?

A) Victims sometimes must deny implications that they consented by either resisting too weakly or by leading on their assailant.
B) Rape is an emotionally upsetting and humiliating experience
C) Rape victims have faced embarrassing questioning by the police and prosecutors to verify details of crimes.
D) All of the above are reasons why rape is underreported

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT true of elder abuse?

A) Victims sometimes withhold information because they fear retaliation
B) Evidence of physical injury does not usually provide evidence of abuse
C) Victims may not provide credible testimony
D) We have reliable estimates of the extent of this problem

Question 40

A ______ criminal is one who displays no identification or commitments and does not have a criminal self concept?

A) Career criminal
B) Semi-professional criminal
C) Professional criminal
D) Non-career criminal

Question 41

Describe the kinds of efforts that appear to work in reducing instances of murder, assault, and rape. If you were able to implement policies to reduce these offenses in your community, what would you implement?

Question 42

What are the risk factors or family characteristics associated with child abuse, including sexual abuse?

Question 43

Discuss why it is better to classify criminals according to a typology based on behavior systems. What separates those who have criminal careers from the rest of the population?

Question 44

Why is it necessary to view rape in a political context?

Question 45

What is the subcultural theory of violence? Do you think there is strong empirical support for it? Why or why not?