Deck 11: Being With Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood

Question 1

The text authors suggest that women's same-sex friendships are based in part on:

A) control.
B) shared activities.
C) shared interests.
D) corumination.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Sibling friendships are influenced by:

A) socioeconomic status.
B) age.
C) degree of relatedness.
D) level of education.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Friendship relationships differ from love relationships in that they are:

A) less emotionally intense and less sexual.
B) less emotionally intense and more sexual.
C) more emotionally intense and less sexual.
D) more emotionally intense and more sexual.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Calliope is a typical woman who works in an office and likes to play handball. Who is MOST likely to be her friend?

A) Athena, who also likes to play handball
B) Hera, who works in the same office
C) Aphrodite, who is someone in whom Calliope can confide
D) Venus, who likes to party

Question 5

When discussing his new girlfriend, Mickey says, "I can tell her everything about myself." Mickey clearly feels ____ toward his girlfriend.

A) commitment
B) passion
C) infatuation
D) intimacy

Question 6

Hansel (a male) and Gretel (a female) are best friends. If their cross-gender friendship is typical of most, Hansel's biggest misperception concerning Gretel would likely be:

A) overperceiving Gretel's level of sexual interest in him.
B) overperceiving Gretel's need for emotional intimacy in the friendship.
C) underperceiving Gretel's intelligence.
D) underperceiving Gretel's jealousy.

Question 7

People tend to have the MOST acquaintances/friends during:

A) young adulthood.
B) middle adulthood.
C) late adulthood.
D) latest adulthood.

Question 8

Which is NOT one of the three components of love, according to Sternberg?

A) Intimacy
B) Sociability
C) Commitment
D) Passion

Question 9

A relative strength of online friendships involves the ability of the user to:

A) know exactly who they are dealing with.
B) control the level of intimacy in the relationship.
C) ensure compatibility.
D) meet in a less anonymous manner than in face-to-face friendships.

Question 10

Penn and Teller have been friends for many years. In the past few months, however, they seem to have less in common, and Teller has been thinking more about hanging out with a potential new friend. Penn and Teller appear to be in the ____ stage of friendship development.

A) buildup
B) continuation
C) acquaintanceship
D) deterioration

Question 11

Most friendships are based on:

A) choice and high reciprocity.
B) choice and low reciprocity.
C) strict rules and high reciprocity.
D) strict rules and low reciprocity.

Question 12

Rose wants Jack physically, and she wants him badly! Rose is MOST likely experiencing:

A) intimacy.
B) passion.
C) commitment.
D) companionate love.

Question 13

Over time, good relationships tend to:

A) deepen.
B) become more passionate.
C) increase in physical intimacy.
D) become more intense.

Question 14

How could Gene's relationship with Peggy reflect the communal component of adult friendship?

A) He could view her quirky personality as a source of amusement.
B) He could support her interest in skydiving by going along with her on a jump.
C) He could disclose his love for her.
D) He could indicate loyalty by defending her even though she is wrong.

Question 15

The initial stage in friendship development is called:

A) buildup.
B) continuation.
C) acquaintanceship.
D) deterioration.

Question 16

Rhett and Scarlet have a relationship characterized by a lifetime of marriage characterized by little physical desire and no sharing of thoughts or feelings. This relationship is BEST described as one of strong:

A) intimacy.
B) passion.
C) commitment.
D) infatuation.

Question 17

The phrase, "till death do you part," which is often said during marriage services, offers a good example of:

A) passion.
B) romantic love.
C) commitment.
D) consummate love.

Question 18

Sanford's friendships tend to be based on self-disclosure and intimacy. This exemplifies the ____ component of friendship.

A) contextual
B) sociability
C) shared
D) affective

Question 19

While Victor and Victoria have very strong sexual feelings for each other, they have little interest in intimacy or commitment. This type of relationship is BEST described as:

A) infatuation.
B) friendship.
C) consummate love.
D) companionate love.

Question 20

The fact that Bert's friend Ernie keeps him amused by telling funny stories BEST illustrates the ____ dimension of friendship.

A) shared
B) affective
C) sociability
D) communal

Question 21

When deciding on a potential mate, Fletcher says, "I just need to find someone a lot like me." This statement fits very well with ____ theory.

A) sociocultural
B) assortative mating
C) crystallization
D) blended family

Question 22

Research suggests that casual sex is:

A) desired by both men and women and frequently regretted by both men and women.
B) desired by men only and frequently regretted by women.
C) desired by both men and women but only regretted by women.
D) desired by women and frequently regretted by men.

Question 23

According to research cited in the text, approximately ____ percent of marriages in India are arranged.

A) 5
B) 75
C) 80
D) 95

Question 24

According to O'Leary's (1993) model, ____ would have the largest number of potential underlying causes.

A) verbal aggression
B) physical aggression
C) severe aggression
D) murder

Question 25

The defining belief among individuals experiencing "battered woman's syndrome" is that:

A) the abuse is tied to a sense of personal high self-esteem.
B) the abuse is not harmful to them.
C) the abuser is acting out of unconditional love.
D) they are powerless to get away from the abuse.

Question 26

Research on the biology of physical attraction suggests that neurochemicals related to ____ underlie the feeling of exhilaration that often is experienced when one falls in love.

A) barbiturates
B) hallucinogens
C) amphetamines
D) narcotics

Question 27

LGBTQ community members are victims of violence from intimate partners at a rate _____ women.

A) higher than heterosexual men but lower than
B) similar to
C) higher than
D) lower than

Question 28

Emerging research indicates virtual dating sites offer problems in terms of:

A) available dating candidates.
B) access to an Internet connection.
C) lack of response from friend requests.
D) the accuracy of personal descriptions.

Question 29

The causes of aggressive behavior become more ____ as the level of aggressive behavior increases.

A) complex
B) simple
C) obvious
D) external

Question 30

According to Kahlil Gibran, author of The Prophet , the two sides of love are:

A) passion and intimacy.
B) fear and friendship.
C) ecstasy and pain.
D) sex and caring.

Question 31

O'Leary (1993) presents a continuum of aggressive behavior in abusive relationships anchored by ____ on one end and ____ on the other end.

A) physical aggression; verbal aggression
B) severe aggression; murder
C) verbal aggression; murder
D) physical aggression; murder

Question 32

In their cross-cultural study of mate selection, Buss and colleagues found that the characteristic of ____ showed the most variation as to whether it was important to mate selection.

A) intelligence
B) chastity
C) physical attractiveness
D) social status

Question 33

Research indicates that in men the hormone _____ enhances their partner's attractiveness compared to other females.

A) oxytocin
B) dopamine
C) GABA
D) acetylcholine

Question 34

Which of Deanna's statements indicates that she is likely experiencing "battered woman's syndrome?"

A) "I just hit my husband."
B) "I cannot escape this abusive relationship."
C) "I often hit my husband."
D) "I am sometimes afraid of my husband."

Question 35

Kalmijn and Flap (2001) found that ____ tended to promote strong homogamy in relationships.

A) meeting other members of one's family
B) living in the same neighborhood
C) meeting in school
D) seeking a mate with different characteristics than one's own

Question 36

Worldwide, about 10 percent to about ____ percent of women report being physically assaulted or raped.

A) 25
B) 40
C) 55
D) 70

Question 37

According to research by Buss and colleagues, a(n) ____ man looking for a prospective mate would be MOST concerned about the woman's cooking competence and chastity status.

A) Chinese
B) Italian
C) Swedish
D) British

Question 38

When discussing his relationship with his wife Amber, Travis says, "I have this very strong sense of commitment and tranquility." Researchers have suggested that the neurophysiological basis of this feeling may be due to brain chemicals related to:

A) cocaine.
B) morphine.
C) alcohol.
D) cannabis.

Question 39

Surveys indicate that nearly ____ couples in the United States meet online.

A) one in every 5
B) one in every 10
C) one in every 15
D) one in every 20

Question 40

Arnold is a highly educated, intelligent young man with a less-than-pleasing disposition. As such, he is MOST likely to be viewed as an excellent potential mate:

A) in every culture in the world.
B) nowhere in the world.
C) in some cultures, but not in other cultures.
D) only in the United States.

Question 41

Al and Peg are a typical American couple who have cohabitated for many years. If they later marry each other, they are likely to be ____ than other married couples who did not cohabitate.

A) less at risk for divorce
B) wealthier
C) more religious
D) less happy

Question 42

Current projections indicate that _____ percent of the millennial generation will remain single until at least age _____.

A) 30; 40
B) 20; 50
C) 30; 50
D) 10; 20

Question 43

Many countries extend the same rights and benefits to _____ as they do to married couples.

A) separated couples
B) divorced couples
C) cohabiting couples
D) non-citizen couples

Question 44

In which country is cohabitation most common?

A) Vietnam
B) South Africa
C) India
D) Australia

Question 45

How has the median age of first marriage in the United States changed since 1970?

A) It has dropped by about four years.
B) It has remained constant.
C) It has risen by about four years.
D) It has risen by about eight years.

Question 46

Which statement concerning African Americans, European Americans, and Latinos in America is TRUE?

A) African Americans are most likely to be single during young adulthood.
B) Latinos are actively encouraged to avoid marriage in young adulthood.
C) The main cause of singlehood for European Americans is a shortage of marriageable European-American males.
D) The rate of singlehood in the United States is unaffected by ethnic factors.

Question 47

The happiest cohabiting couples are those who look very much like:

A) couples that start having children early.
B) financially well-off couples.
C) happy married couples.
D) young upwardly mobile urbanites.

Question 48

Singlehood is:

A) increasing in African American and Latino American women.
B) increasing in African American and decreasing in Latino American women.
C) decreasing in African American and increasing in Latino American women.
D) decreasing in African American and Latino American women.

Question 49

Each of these women has just married for the first time. Who is MOST likely to get divorced?

A) Lucy, who is 17
B) Lacy, who is 23
C) Lanny, who is 29
D) Laurie, who is 35

Question 50

Gay and lesbian couples tend to differ from heterosexual couples in the degree to which partners:

A) split household responsibilities.
B) share power in the relationship.
C) communicate effectively.
D) share the same demographic characteristics.

Question 51

Most marriages in the United States:

A) begin as cohabiting relationships.
B) do not begin as cohabiting relationships.
C) end as cohabiting relationships.
D) are less successful than cohabitating relationships.

Question 52

Part-time or limited cohabitation is usually undertaken because of:

A) a strong desire to marry.
B) religious reasons.
C) convenience or sexual accessibility.
D) pregnancy.

Question 53

Currently, ____ countries provide gay and lesbian couples with the same legal rights as heterosexual couples.

A) no
B) few
C) many
D) most

Question 54

For most people, the decision to remain permanently single is:

A) made in the teenage years.
B) due to the untimely death of their "one true love."
C) driven by economic factors.
D) the result of gradual circumstances, not a lifestyle choice.

Question 55

With the advent of legalized same-sex marriage, numerous issues that married couples have _____ are being confronted in the LGBTQ community.

A) ignored
B) given little consideration
C) long taken for granted
D) never confronted

Question 56

Which statement concerning singlehood, marriage, and sex differences in the United States is TRUE?

A) Males feel more societal pressure to marry.
B) Males marry at a later age.
C) Females seldom have unresolved feelings about remaining single.
D) Females tend to "marry down" to males with lower social and educational status.

Question 57

Liz and Richard are 35-year-olds who have lived together for a long time. After the birth of their first child, they decided to get married. Given this description, Liz and Richard's cohabitation pattern suggests that they live in which country?

A) United States
B) Jamaica
C) Sweden
D) China

Question 58

Ken and Barbie are sexually active singles who are discussing the idea of moving in together. They are definitely contemplating:

A) forming an extended family.
B) homogamy.
C) cohabitation.
D) assortative mating.

Question 59

Rates of abuse are higher in cultures that emphasize:

A) female status.
B) online dating.
C) family honor.
D) casual sex.

Question 60

Ole and Lena are a cohabitating couple in Norway, while Jack and Diane are a cohabitating couple in the United States. Cross-cultural research would predict that:

A) Ole and Lena will only marry if they have children.
B) Ole and Lena will believe that they are living in sin.
C) Jack and Diane will be unlikely to ever marry.
D) Jack and Diane will be at significantly less risk for divorce should they marry.

Question 61

According to the vulnerability-stress-adaptation model of marriage, marital quality:

A) is a dynamic process resulting from a couple's ability to handle stress.
B) declines when couples are "too" alike.
C) is predicted by the age of the couple at marriage.
D) means there is one strong member of a couple and one weak member.

Question 62

Which phrase BEST describes the typical pattern of marital satisfaction from honeymoon through retirement?

A) High to low to high
B) High to medium to low
C) Medium to high to low
D) Low to medium to high

Question 63

Which description LEAST exemplifies the early stage of most marriages?

A) Husband and wives sharing activities
B) Husbands being very concerned with their wives maintaining close ties with friends
C) Global adoration of a spouse's qualities
D) First marital stress involving monetary matters

Question 64

When discussing their marriage, Meg and Ryan agree that what appears to keep them together and happy is the fact that they share many of the same values. This exemplifies ____, which is a good predictor of marital success.

A) monogamy
B) singlehood
C) homogamy
D) nesting

Question 65

Which couple is probably the happiest?

A) Henry and Anne, who have just had their first baby
B) Hank and Alice, who have two adolescent children
C) Harold and Abbey, whose children have just left home
D) Harvey and Amy, who have just retired

Question 66

What is the MOST common form of family in Western societies?

A) Empty-nest family
B) Extended family
C) Stepfamily
D) Nuclear family

Question 67

Which couple is LEAST likely to maintain a happy marriage?

A) Han and Leia, who are motivated to meet each other's sexual needs
B) Luke and Mara, who find ways to keep the romance in the relationship
C) Owen and Beru, who do not discuss their marital problems
D) Ackbar and Mothma, who adapt to changing circumstances in the relationship

Question 68

Which statement concerning children and marital satisfaction is TRUE?

A) Couples with children show a decline in marital satisfaction, while those without children show an increase.
B) Couples who are child-free due to infertility tend to have high levels of marital satisfaction.
C) African American couples tend to show little increased conflict due to the birth of a child.
D) The birth of a child is usually viewed as a positive event, even though it is associated with a decrease in marital satisfaction.

Question 69

Spouses who serve in combat areas on active duty assignment and who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder are at:

A) lesser risk for other spouse-directed aggression.
B) greater risk for other spouse-directed aggression.
C) the same level of risk for other spouse-directed aggression as members of the service that are not deployed.
D) none of these are correct

Question 70

Katie and Rob are seeing a marriage counselor, Dr. McMurray, to ask her advice about how to save their relationship. Dr. McMurray tells them that the reason they are having trouble is because "neither of you perceive that you are getting as much out of the relationship as you are putting into it." This statement indicates that Dr. McMurray is a proponent of:

A) homogamy.
B) cohabitation.
C) exchange theory.
D) the family life cycle.

Question 71

Heather is only moderately happy with her marriage. Because of that, she is thinking about having a baby to make her marriage more satisfying. Is this a good idea?

A) Yes, because marital satisfaction increases with the birth of a baby.
B) Maybe, because when both parents want a baby, marital satisfaction increases after the birth of the baby.
C) No, as having a child typically decreases marital satisfaction.
D) It is uncertain, as there is no specific relationship between marital satisfaction and the birth of a child.

Question 72

Elliot and Elizabeth are both politically liberal, vegetarian, like to socialize, and are agnostic. Which concept BEST describes these similarities?

A) Exchange theory
B) Homogamy
C) Limited cohabitation
D) Familism

Question 73

Troy and Helen are both 55 and have been married for 20 years. However, they have grown apart and essentially live as housemates. Troy and Helen are best classified as:

A) emotionally divorced.
B) empty nested.
C) being in part-time cohabitation.
D) being in a substitute marriage.

Question 74

Which statement concerning marital satisfaction and having children is TRUE?

A) Childless couples show no decline in marital satisfaction over time.
B) The fussier the child, the less the drop in satisfaction as parents devote more time to child care.
C) A decline in overall satisfaction is a common pattern for with-child and childless couples.
D) Marital satisfaction following the birth of a child decreases in European Americans, but increases in African Americans.

Question 75

Which of these is NOT considered a dimension of a successful marriage?

A) Longevity of the marriage
B) High marital quality
C) Sufficient marital adjustment
D) Perceived marital satisfaction

Question 76

Homogamy is ____ to marital satisfaction.

A) unrelated
B) positively related
C) inversely related
D) negatively related

Question 77

According to exchange theory, the key factor in determining whether an exchange will increase marital satisfaction is the:

A) length of time the individuals have been married.
B) age of the participants.
C) potential monetary cost of the exchange.
D) perceived equity of the exchange.

Question 78

According to research presented in the text, what can be done to keep a marriage happy for a long time?

A) Be up-front about one's issues with one's spouse
B) Do not intrude on one's spouse's private life
C) Be forgiving
D) Confide in friends

Question 79

According to Dey and Ghosh (2016), which of these is NOT a predictor of a successful relationship?

A) Paying attention to weaknesses
B) Respect for emotion
C) Attitude toward marriage
D) Expression of love

Question 80

To qualify as "emotionally divorced," a couple must:

A) experience a divorce.
B) seriously consider divorcing.
C) live in different locations.
D) fail to rebound in happiness.