Deck 39: Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Question 1

Which tissue covers or lines a cavity?

A) Nervous
B) Muscle
C) Epithelial
D) Connective
E) Glandular

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which term best explains why collagen fibers are abundant in tendons?

A) Abrasion
B) Contractility
C) Protection
D) Strength
E) Secretion

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Bone cells communicate with one another by

A) Haversian canals.
B) cellular extensions running through canaliculi.
C) lymphatic vessels.
D) diffusion through lamellae.
E) epithelial tissue.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What type of epithelial tissue lines the upper respiratory tract?

A) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B) Simple squamous epithelium
C) Ciliated columnar epithelium
D) Stratified squamous epithelium
E) Ciliated squamous epithelium

Question 5

A(n) _______ is a group of closely associated similar cells.

A) organ
B) system
C) tissue
D) organism
E) population

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue?

A) Sending chemical signals
B) Lining organs
C) Storing fat
D) Contraction
E) Sending electrical signals

Question 7

A group of associated tissues is known as a(n)

A) cell.
B) organ.
C) organ system.
D) organism.
E) tumor.

Question 8

The major constituent of regular dense connective tissue is

A) adipose cells.
B) collagen fibers.
C) reticular fibers.
D) macrophages.
E) a semifluid matrix.

Question 9

Figure 39-1 ​

What is a primary location for the type of tissue in the accompanying figure?

A) Lining of the digestive tract
B) Within blood vessels
C) Dermis of the skin
D) Respiratory passages
E) Air sacs of the lungs

Question 10

Exocrine glands

A) have products that are transported via the circulatory system.
B) lack ducts.
C) include goblet cells and milk glands.
D) release hormones.
E) lack epithelial tissue.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?

A) The heart
B) Adipose tissue
C) Blood
D) Bone
E) Lymph

Question 12

Which of the following cell types would be found in connective tissue?

A) Myocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Neurons
D) Glial cells
E) Endothelial cells

Question 13

The four basic animal tissues are

A) connective, digestive, nervous, and respiratory.
B) blood, bone, connective, and epithelial.
C) epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
D) digestive, nervous, reproductive, and respiratory.
E) circulatory, excretory, respiratory, and sensory.

Question 14

Although they are two different types of connective tissue, cartilage and bone have what feature in common?

A) Lacunae and Haversian canals
B) Canaliculi and Haversian canals
C) Lacunae and canaliculi
D) Lamellae only
E) Lacunae only

Question 15

Lungs absorb oxygen from inhaled air, and the small intestine moves ingested material through the digestive tract and absorbs nutrients from ingested food. Which statement describes the type of epithelium you would expect to line each of these surfaces?

A) They are both lined by a simple squamous epithelium.
B) They are both lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium.
C) The lungs are lined by a simple squamous epithelium, and the small intestine is lined by a ciliated columnar epithelium.
D) The lungs are lined by a columnar epithelium, and the small intestine is lined by a simple squamous epithelium.
E) The lungs are lined by a simple squamous epithelium, and the small intestine is lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium.

Question 16

The main difference between elastic and reticular fibers is that only elastic fibers

A) are branched.
B) stretch.
C) are made of collagen.
D) form the supporting framework for organs.
E) have a high tensile strength.

Question 17

For gas exchange to occur quickly and efficiently, which type of epithelium must be present on all respiratory surfaces?

A) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B) Simple squamous epithelium
C) Ciliated columnar epithelium
D) Stratified squamous epithelium
E) Ciliated squamous epithelium

Question 18

Which of the following would not be found in loose connective tissue?

A) Collagen fibers
B) Reticular fibers
C) Actin fibers
D) Elastic fibers
E) Fibroblasts

Question 19

Figure 39-1 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. What major function is associated with this type of tissue?

A) Protecting underlying cells from abrasion
B) Moving of materials along a tissue surface
C) Producing secretions such as mucus and sweat
D) Secreting and absorbing
E) Strengthening

Question 20

Figure 39-1 ​

The type of tissue illustrated in the accompanying figure is

A) elastic connective tissue.
B) simple squamous epithelium.
C) pseudostratified epithelium.
D) cartilage.
E) adipose tissue.

Question 21

Which statement about nervous tissue is false ?

A) A dendrite is specialized for transmitting signals.
B) An axon in the human body can be up to a meter long.
C) Neurons communicate with each other via synapses.
D) A neuron is made up of an axon and a glial cell.
E) A nerve is made up of many neurons.

Question 22

Which organ system coordinates activities of other systems?

A) Cardiovascular system
B) Lymphatic system
C) Nervous system
D) Urinary system
E) Muscular system

Question 23

Intercalated disks are gap junctions between cells of

A) smooth muscle tissue.
B) skeletal muscle tissue.
C) cardiac muscle tissue.
D) osteocytes.
E) cartilage.

Question 24

Endocrine glands

A) have a duct.
B) secrete mucus.
C) are made of endothelial tissue.
D) secrete hormones.
E) transport products into cavities.

Question 25

Which statement about connective tissue is true ?

A) Adipose tissue is made of collagen fibers.
B) Lymph is elastic in nature.
C) Cartilage is elastic in nature.
D) Bone cells cannot communicate with each other.
E) Reticular connective tissue stores fat.

Question 26

Most human cancers originate in which type of tissue?

A) Neoplastic
B) Epithelial
C) Connective
D) Muscular
E) Nerve

Question 27

Carcinomas are

A) cancers that develop from connective tissue.
B) cancers that develop from muscle.
C) cancers that develop from epithelial tissue.
D) the migration of cancer cells through blood or lymph channels.
E) genes that transform normal cells into cancer cells.

Question 28

The integumentary system

A) covers and protects the body.
B) connects muscles to skin.
C) suspends organs in the abdominal cavity.
D) contains exocrine glands.
E) regulates the heart.

Question 29

An example of a _____ membrane are the pleural membranes lining the cavities around the ____.

A) serous; lungs
B) mucous; kidney
C) serous; heart
D) mucous; intestines
E) serous; pericardium

Question 30

Cells called ____ compose cartilage.

A) blastocytes
B) adipocytes
C) osteocytes
D) chondrocytes
E) myocytes

Question 31

Figure 39-2 ​

One function of the type of tissue represented in the accompanying figure is

A) insulation.
B) flexible support.
C) calcium reservoir.
D) oxygen transport.
E) secretion and absorption.

Question 32

If dense bone lacked Haversian canals,

A) there would be no blood supply to the bone cells.
B) diffusion between cells would not be possible.
C) there would be no fat stored in bones.
D) the extracellular matrix would not be formed by osteoblasts.
E) the chondrocytes would not be able to remodel the bone.

Question 33

Figure 39-2 ​

The type of tissue represented by the accompanying figure is

A) adipose tissue.
B) cardiac tissue
C) cartilage.
D) simple squamous epithelium.
E) elastic connective tissue.

Question 34

The risk of developing cancer is increased by

A) decreasing the amount of nitrates in the diet.
B) increasing exposure to the sun
C) avoiding smoked and salt-cured foods.
D) living a sedentary lifestyle
E) quitting smoking

Question 35

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of heart cells?

A) They contract.
B) They have nuclei.
C) They have intercalated discs.
D) They can stretch.
E) They have myofibrils.

Question 36

One difference between cardiac muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers is that cardiac muscle fibers

A) have several nuclei, while skeletal muscle fibers do not.
B) are not striated, while skeletal muscle fibers are.
C) are under voluntary control, while skeletal muscle fibers are not.
D) branch and form complex networks, while skeletal muscle fibers do not.
E) are cylindrical-shaped, while skeletal muscle fibers are spindle-shaped.

Question 37

In a nerve cell, the function of the myelin is to

A) conduct impulses away from the cell body.
B) attach the neuron to connective tissue.
C) receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body.
D) increase the speed at which nerve impulses are carried away from the cell body.
E) support and nourish the neuron.

Question 38

Both smooth muscle fibers and cardiac muscle fibers

A) have striations.
B) are under involuntary control.
C) are multinucleate.
D) have a comparable resistance to fatigue.
E) have a comparable intermediate speed of contraction.

Question 39

Studies suggest that to become malignant, neoplasms must establish

A) contact inhibition.
B) a blood supply.
C) a nutrient source.
D) a second genetic mutation.
E) uncontrolled mutations.

Question 40

Which types of cells or cell components play an essential role in the blood clotting?

A) Erythrocytes
B) Platelets
C) Leukocytes
D) Hemoglobin
E) Plasma

Question 41

Which example represents a structural adaptation that an endotherm might make to maintain body temperature?

A) Spraying oneself with water
B) Seeking shade under a plant
C) Increasing activity level
D) Having feathers
E) Shivering

Question 42

In a negative feedback system, ____.

A) the response of the integrator is aligned with the output of the effector
B) the effector brings the system back to the set point
C) a steady state condition cannot be maintained
D) the response of the integrator is opposite the input of the sensor
E) the resulting outcome is always greater than the input

Question 43

Which of the following initiates a homeostatic response?

A) Effector
B) Set point.
C) Stressor
D) Integrator.
E) Sensor

Question 44

Ectothermic animals

A) depend on heat from the external environment to adjust their body temperatures.
B) may dilate blood vessels to increase blood flow and heat to the skin.
C) maintain a relatively constant body temperature despite external temperatures.
D) may have feathers to keep them insulated.
E) may have body fat to keep them insulated.

Question 45

Briefly discuss physiological mechanisms that regulate body temperature in endotherms.

Question 46

Thermoregulation in ectotherms can be accomplished by four of the following. Which action will not result in thermoregulation?

A) Migrating
B) Basking
C) Burrowing
D) Adapting to seasonal weather variations
E) Increasing internal metabolism

Question 47

Acclimatization is the process by which animals adjust to seasonal changes. Which example is least characteristic of acclimatization?

A) An endotherm entering torpor
B) A horse's coat thickening in winter
C) A fish's metabolic rate slowing
D) A bear entering hibernation
E) A lizard basking in the sun

Question 48

Briefly discuss five ways to decrease one's risk of developing cancer.

Question 49

Figure 39-3 ​

Based on the accompanying figure, which of the following is not a response to a decrease in body temperature?

A) The release of thyroid hormone
B) The contraction of blood vessels
C) An increase in metabolic rate
D) An increase in voluntary movement
E) Evaporation of water

Question 50

Which pairing accurately describes one specific type of muscle tissue?

A) Smooth muscle tissue-voluntary contraction
B) Cardiac muscle tissue-involuntary contraction
C) Smooth muscle tissue-attached to skeleton
D) Skeletal muscle tissue-one nuclei per cell
E) Skeletal muscle tissue-slowest speed of contraction

Question 51

Which of the following statements about stress is true?

A) It impacts only one organ system at a given time.
B) It does not influence the function of the nervous system.
C) It causes a body response in an attempt to maintain homeostasis.
D) It is characterized by a stable internal and external environment.
E) It maintains a stable condition within the body.

Question 52

Identify and describe the functions of three different types of epithelial tissues.

Question 53

Figure 39-3 ​

In the accompanying figure, the responses initiated at point A in response to an increase in body temperature include

A) a decrease in sweating and panting.
B) a decrease in muscle activity.
C) a constriction of blood vessels.
D) an increase in metabolism.
E) shivering.

Question 54

The ability of animals to adjust to seasonal changes in temperature is called

A) acclimatization.
B) estivation.
C) homeostatic adjustment.
D) torpor.
E) hibernation.

Question 55

Briefly describe how the structure of a neuron relates to its function.

Question 56

Which statement best represents the difference between ectotherms and endotherms?

A) Ectotherms rely on homeostatic mechanisms to maintain body temperature.
B) Ectotherms have a very high daily energy expenditure.
C) Endotherms rely on behavior modification to maintain their body temperature.
D) Ectotherms derive heat from metabolic processes.
E) Ectotherm animals outnumber endotherms.

Question 57

The state of torpor caused by lack of food or water during periods of high temperature is called

A) acclimatization.
B) hibernation.
C) conformation.
D) estivation.
E) migration.

Question 58

Briefly discuss behavioral mechanisms that ectotherms can use to regulate their body temperature.

Question 59

When comparing the body's response to changes in temperature and a home HVAC system, which part of the body corresponds to the thermostat?

A) Sensory nerve cells
B) Sweat glands
C) The hypothalamus of the brain
D) Skeletal muscles
E) Sympathetic nerve cells

Question 60

Explain the relationship between body size and multicellularity.

Question 61

Cardiac muscle fibers lack striations.

Question 62

Platelets are cellular fragments.

Question 63

Reticular fibers are the most numerous type of fiber comprising connective tissue.

Question 64

Positive feedback systems restore homeostasis.

Question 65

Briefly describe the organ systems of a mammal and summarize the functions of each system.

Question 66

The cells of bone are called osteocytes.

Question 67

Blood and lymph are circulating tissues that help other parts of the body to communicate and interact.

Question 68

A serous membrane lines a body cavity that opens to the outside of the body.

Question 69

In bone, capillaries and nerves pass through Haversian canals.

Question 70

Shivering helps decrease body temperature.

Question 71

Compare and contrast the three types of muscle tissue.

Question 72

Epithelial tissues are attached to the underlying tissues by a basement membrane.

Question 73

The human body's "thermostat" is the hypothalamus.
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Question 74

An ectotherm's metabolic rate changes with the weather.

Question 75

The cells comprising pseudostratified epithelium occur in layers.

Question 76

Connective tissue contains three types of fibers: collagen, elastic, and cartilage.

Question 77

Ectotherms depend on the environment for their body heat.
____________________

Question 78

Cuboidal epithelial cells are thin, flat cells.

Question 79

The proteins myosin and ribose play a key role in the contraction of muscle fibers.

Question 80

Glial cells support and nourish neurons.