Deck 9: Impact of Fluids and Beverages on Nutritional Health

Question 1

Energy drinks, such as Red Bull, are not permitted to contain herbs.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Alcohol intake is associated with increased fertility problems in both men and women.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

It is all right for pregnant women to have beer, but not to consume hard liquor such as scotch or vodka.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Soft water can add appreciable amounts of sodium to the diet.

Question 5

Dark chocolate may positively influence cardiovascular health.

Question 6

Physiologically, alcohol is a stimulant.

Question 7

Orange juice is the most nutrient-dense juice consumed in the U.S.

Question 8

Soft water contains a higher concentration of calcium than hard water.

Question 9

Many studies have shown a positive correlation between moderate alcohol consumption and decreasing incidence of heart disease.

Question 10

Alcohol kills brain cells, reducing brain mass.

Question 11

Bottled water cannot come from a public reservoir.

Question 12

Pancreatitis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis are all common consequences of heavy drinking.

Question 13

Alcoholism is a dependency on alcohol characterized by craving and loss of control.

Question 14

Native Americans have lower rates of liver damage due to alcohol consumption than other ethnic groups.

Question 15

Like protein and carbohydrate, alcohol supplies four kilocalories per gram.

Question 16

It is possible for a person to increase his or her metabolic tolerance to alcohol by drinking more alcohol on a regular basis.

Question 17

Cryptosporidium in water can be removed by special filtering systems.

Question 18

Heavy alcohol use, especially when combined with smoking, appears to increase the risk of pancreatic cancer.

Question 19

Bottled water is not necessarily any purer or more healthful than tap water.

Question 20

Fetal alcohol syndrome is completely preventable.

Question 21

Which type of water is drawn from an underground source and contains at least 250 parts per million of dissolved solids?

A) well water
B) spring water
C) effervescent water
D) distilled water
E) mineral water

Question 22

Excessive alcohol consumption on a regular basis will result in less efficient fat storage.

Question 23

The part of the brain that is the last to be put to sleep by the presence of alcohol is ____.

A) the cortex, which controls judgment and reasoning
B) the part that controls muscle control
C) the part that controls respiration and heartbeat
D) the part that controls emotions
E) dependent on which type of alcohol a person consumes

Question 24

Pink and white grapefruit juice contain equal amounts and types of phytochemicals.

Question 25

The liver can metabolize _____ ounce(s) of alcohol per hour.

A) 0.1
B) 0.25
C) 0.5
D) 1.0
E) 2.0

Question 26

Even when consumed in moderate amounts, alcohol may still increase the risk of ____ in women.

A) cardiovascular disease
B) diverticulitis
C) hypertension
D) breast cancer
E) hyperlipidemia

Question 27

Drinking alcohol at a rate of two drinks per hour allows the liver adequate time to metabolize the alcohol completely.

Question 28

About 20 percent of alcohol is absorbed through the ____.

A) mouth
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) small intestine
E) large intestine

Question 29

Which statement concerning alcohol's metabolism in a man and woman of the same height and weight is correct?

A) The woman has a lower capacity for metabolizing alcohol than the man.
B) The man has lower estrogen levels leading to higher rates for metabolizing alcohol than the woman.
C) The woman's body composition with more water than the man helps metabolize alcohol more quickly.
D) They have equal alcohol metabolizing abilities.
E) The differences in alcohol metabolism between men and women are not yet known.

Question 30

One gram of alcohol supplies ____ calories.

A) 4
B) 7
C) 9
D) 10
E) 11

Question 31

The absorption and metabolism of alcohol is unaffected by ____.

A) gender
B) ethnicity
C) the presence of food in the stomach
D) the type of ethyl alcohol drink
E) body composition

Question 32

Nearly all alcohol ingested is metabolized in the ____.

A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) liver
D) large intestine
E) gallbladder

Question 33

The largest percentage of a person's water output leaves the body through ____.

A) feces
B) the skin as perspiration
C) the lungs as breath exhaled
D) the kidneys as urine
E) the scalp and hair

Question 34

Death occurs when blood alcohol levels reach ____.

A) 0.10
B) 0.15
C) 0.20
D) 0.30
E) 0.50

Question 35

Milk chocolate is thought to positively influence cardiovascular health more than dark chocolate.

Question 36

Which of the following can occur as a result of drinking alcohol excessively on a regular basis?

A) Protein synthesis may be accelerated.
B) Stomach ulcers may develop.
C) Intestinal absorption of thiamin and folate increases.
D) Kidney excretion of calcium and magnesium declines.
E) Red blood cell production increases.

Question 37

When alcohol is consumed, it is mostly absorbed through the ____.

A) mouth
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) small intestine
E) large intestine

Question 38

Alcohol dehydrogenase mediates the conversion of alcohol to ____.

A) hydrogen peroxide
B) hydrochloric acid
C) acetaldehyde
D) bile
E) retinol

Question 39

Cranberry juice, consumed daily, may protect against urinary tract infections.

Question 40

Tea is rich in phytochemicals, antioxidants, and caffeine.

Question 41

Alcohol that is not immediately metabolized by the liver ends up in the ____.

A) gallbladder
B) circulatory system
C) stomach
D) pancreas
E) large intestine

Question 42

Since a woman will absorb more alcohol into her blood than a man of the same weight, one drink for a woman could have the same effect as _____ drinks for a man.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
E) six

Question 43

The arm of the U.S. government responsible for monitoring municipal water supplies is the ____.

A) USDA
B) FDA
C) EPA
D) OSHA
E) NIH

Question 44

Long-term exposure to alcohol increases levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver. What does this mean?

A) The person must drink more alcohol than before to experience comparable effects.
B) The person can drink less alcohol than before to experience comparable effects.
C) The person is less likely to become addicted.
D) The person is more likely to have a hangover.
E) The person will experience the effects of alcohol for longer periods.

Question 45

How much alcohol consumption has been proven to be safe during pregnancy?

A) No amount of alcohol has been proven to be safe.
B) One glass of wine or beer per day has been proven to be harmless.
C) Two glasses of wine or beers per day have been proven to be harmless.
D) Three glasses of wine per week have been proven to be harmless.
E) No studies have been done regarding alcohol and pregnancy.

Question 46

Lead in water is especially damaging to ____, in whom it can cause ____ damage.

A) the elderly; bone
B) teenagers; hearing
C) children; neurologic
D) the elderly; epidermal
E) adolescents; reproductive

Question 47

What is thought to be the main factor contributing to a hangover?

A) The large amount of fluid consumed
B) The lack of food consumed during the day
C) The altered activity in the cortex of the brain
D) The rise in blood pressure after drinking alcohol
E) The dehydration from the alcohol consumed

Question 48

In most states, the legal limit for blood alcohol content (BAC) for the driver of a car is ____.

A) 0.03
B) 0.08
C) 0.1
D) 0.14
E) 0.15

Question 49

The increased efficiency of removing high levels of alcohol from the blood due to long-term exposure is known as ____.

A) metabolic tolerance
B) apparent tolerance
C) functional tolerance
D) filtration tolerance
E) saturation tolerance

Question 50

The actual change in sensitivity to a drug is known as ____.

A) metabolic tolerance
B) apparent tolerance
C) functional tolerance
D) saturation tolerance
E) assimilation tolerance

Question 51

Which drug combined with alcohol increases the risk of throat, mouth, and bladder cancers?

A) PCP
B) heroin
C) tobacco
D) antihistamines
E) oral contraceptives

Question 52

Tomas is at a fraternity party and his friends are drinking beer and also smoking marijuana. What interaction would this combination have?

A) It may prevent vomiting, increasing the risk of alcohol poisoning.
B) It may increase the sedative effect, causing drowsiness.
C) It may increase dizziness and lead to fainting.
D) It may increase stomach bleeding and inhibit blood clotting.
E) It may slow the absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream.

Question 53

When combined with alcohol, which drug may lead to a dangerous increase in blood pressure?

A) antibiotics
B) marijuana
C) oral contraceptives
D) antidepressants
E) ecstasy

Question 54

Place the following stages of the body's response to increasing alcohol consumption in the correct order from start to finish.

A) Euphoria, excitement, confusion, stupor, coma, death
B) Confusion, excitement, coma, euphoria, stupor, death
C) Excitement, euphoria, confusion, coma, stupor, death
D) Coma, confusion, euphoria, excitement, stupor, death
E) Euphoria, confusion, excitement, stupor, coma, death

Question 55

Maria is overweight and wants to lose 10 pounds. She is at a party and is deciding what to order at the bar. Which beverage has the fewest calories when mixed with liquor?

A) eight ounces fruit juice
B) eight ounces cola
C) eight ounces club soda
D) five ounces red wine
E) six ounces ginger ale

Question 56

Which water contaminant is not sensitive to chlorine and is a potential threat to people with weakened immune systems?

A) Escherichia coli
B) Cryptosporidium
C) Salmonella
D) Shigella
E) Staphylococcus aureus

Question 57

Acetaldehyde affects production of red blood cells by destroying vitamin ____.

A) B₁₂
B) C
C) D
D) B₆
E) E

Question 58

Night blindness is a risk associated with even moderate drinking. Why is this?

A) Alcohol makes the eyelids droop.
B) Alcohol blocks the formation of retinal.
C) Alcohol makes the pupil of the eye very small.
D) Alcohol inhibits dehydrogenase enzymes in the eye.
E) Alcohol causes increased quantities of potassium to be excreted.

Question 59

Which meal eaten with an alcoholic beverage would most likely slow down the rate at which the alcohol is absorbed?
Turkey sandwich on white bread

A) chicken noodle soup
B) fresh fruit salad
C) turkey sandwich on white bread
D) cheeseburger and French fries
E) chef salad

Question 60

Inflammation of the liver is known as ____.

A) cirrhosis
B) pancreatitis
C) alcoholic hepatitis
D) gastritis
E) fatty liver

Question 61

Milk provides an insignificant source of ____.

A) riboflavin
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin C
D) protein
E) potassium

Question 62

Fetal alcohol syndrome is considered to be the most common cause of ____ in the U.S.

A) low infant birth weight
B) preventable intellectual disability
C) growth failure
D) liver cirrhosis
E) preventable osteoporosis

Question 63

Which condition is known to be caused by caffeine consumption?

A) heart disease
B) birth defects
C) cancer
D) high blood pressure
E) jitteriness

Question 64

Pamela asks Theodore what an energy drink is, and he correctly explains, ____.

A) "It's a beverage with the right mixture of ingredients to maximize athletic performance."
B) "It is a nonalcoholic beverage with extra caffeine, and sometimes other stimulants."
C) "It is a beverage you can drink in place of a multinutrient supplement for good health."
D) "It is a kind of soft drink that you can drink to cure a hangover or study better."
E) "It is a fruit-juice beverage with added antioxidants for optimal physical performance."

Question 65

Which statement about bottled water is correct?

A) All bottled waters contain fluoride to prevent tooth decay.
B) Its mineral content can be determined by checking with the bottling company.
C) It meets higher standards than tap water.
D) It is better than tap water from a health standpoint.
E) MyPlate guidelines favor fruit drinks over bottled water.

Question 66

Citrus juices are high in ____ and low in ____.

A) folate; sodium
B) vitamin C; potassium
C) phytochemicals; folate
D) potassium; flavonoids
E) lycopene; folate

Question 67

If Norma expends 2000 calories per day to maintain her weight, about how much total fluid does she need?

A) 8  quarts/day
B) 6  quarts/day
C) 4 quarts /day
D) 2 quarts/ day
E) 1 quart /day

Question 68

Coffee drinkers seem to have a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, which may be due to the ____ found in the coffee.

A) antioxidants
B) vitamins
C) minerals
D) caffeine
E) herbs

Question 69

Which statement accurately describes a downside to fruit and vegetable juices?

A) They are nutrient dense.
B) They count toward the MyPlate recommended quantity.
C) They contain antioxidants.
D) They contain phytochemicals.
E) They lack the fiber of whole fruit or vegetables.

Question 70

Regular soft drinks are ____.

A) known to be harmless
B) known to cause low blood pressure
C) low in calories
D) low in nutrient density
E) beneficial in meeting energy needs

Question 71

Which statement about energy drinks is correct?

A) They are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.
B) Using them during exercise may cause light-headedness and nausea.
C) Each drink contains only one type of stimulant to boost energy.
D) They help retain fluids.
E) They have been scientifically proven safe and effective.

Question 72

Consumption of which beverage is associated with a decrease in the plaque formation associated with Alzheimer's disease?

A) coffee
B) hot cocoa
C) tea
D) water
E) decaffeinated soda

Question 73

Mark visited a local café near work and was debating what to order. He was trying to cut down on caffeine but knew that in addition to coffee, soft drinks and tea also have caffeine in them. Which choice would provide the least caffeine for Mark?

A) 12-ounce can of Mountain Dew soft drink
B) Eight-ounce cup of black tea, steeped for 3 minutes
C) Eight-ounce cup of instant coffee
D) Two-ounce cup of espresso
E) Eight-ounce cup of hot chocolate

Question 74

Jill has decided to stop drinking coffee. What should be her initial approach to help avoid headaches and fatigue?

A) Stop drinking cold turkey.
B) Replace two of three cups per day with a sport drink.
C) Replace two of three cups per day with an energy drink.
D) Take B vitamins and vitamin C daily.
E) Replace a small amount of regular- with decaffeinated-coffee grounds

Question 75

Alcohol ____ is considered to be alcohol ingestion without negative consequences.

A) abuse
B) dependency
C) use
D) addiction
E) tendency

Question 76

Vignette #1 Robert and Chris have been at a local bar near their dormitory for one hour. Chris has had three beers already and Robert tells him to slow down because too much alcohol can cause death. Chris says this is not true since you just go to sleep when you drink too much. Chris also says that since he is allowed two drinks a day on average, he decided to save them up for the weekend. Robert is beginning to suspect that Chris might have a drinking problem. Let's see if you know more than Chris does concerning alcohol by answering these questions.
Robert asks Chris to list the stages of alcohol addiction put forth by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) . What is the correct sequence of the scale?

A) Misuse, use, dependency/addiction, and abuse
B) Abuse, use, misuse, and dependency/addiction
C) Use, abuse, misuse, and dependency/addiction
D) Use, misuse, abuse, and dependency/addiction
E) Dependency/addiction, misuse, use, and abuse

Question 77

What ingredient found in energy drinks is chemically equivalent to caffeine?

A) glutamic acid
B) ginkgo biloba
C) yohimbe
D) guarana
E) HFCS

Question 78

Which health factor is associated with consumption of one to three cups of coffee?

A) Less risk of type 2 diabetes
B) Increased inflammation
C) Increased risk of strokes in men
D) Higher incidence of type 1 diabetes
E) Increased risk of liver cancer

Question 79

How many cups of coffee a day are associated with health benefits and little indication of health risks?

A) One-half to one cup
B) One to two cups
C) Two to three cups
D) Three to four cups
E) No amount of coffee is really healthy

Question 80

Which eight-ounce beverage has the highest caffeine content?

A) chocolate milk
B) cola beverage
C) brewed coffee
D) brewed tea
E) iced tea