Deck 13: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

An important use of DSM-5 includes being a(n)

A) guide to help psychologists to correctly identify mental disorders and select the best therapy.
B) statistical encyclopedia of the incidence of various forms of violent crime committed by patients with mental disorders.
C) accurate guide used by judges and juries in determining the legal definition of insanity.
D) guide to current research articles in the field of psychopathology.

Answer 1

guide to help psychologists to correctly identify mental disorders and select the best therapy.

Question 2

Which of the following diagnoses had been considered a disorder in earlier editions of the DSM but was omitted as a diagnosis in 1974?

A) gender dysphoria
B) homosexuality
C) borderline personality disorder
D) delusional disorder

Answer 2

homosexuality

Question 3

Which of the following categories include risk factors that contribute to psychopathology?

A) social conditions such as poverty
B) family factors such as abusive parents
C) psychological factors such as learning disorders
D) all of these

Answer 3

all of these

Question 4

Amok and hikikomori are examples of

A) paraphilias.
B) neuroses.
C) organic mental disorders.
D) culture-bound syndromes.

Question 5

Schizophrenia and delusional disorders are types of __________disorders.

A) personality
B) mood
C) psychotic
D) dissociative

Question 6

Which of the following terms appears as a classification within the DSM-5?

A) neurosis
B) insanity
C) gender dysphoria
D) homosexuality

Question 7

Dr. Orazzo is using an objective method of defining abnormality. However, this method will not tell her about the meanings of the deviations she obtained; nor does it tell her where to draw the line between normal and abnormal. The method of defining abnormality that Dr. Orazzo is using is

A) social nonconformity.
B) cultural relativity.
C) statistical abnormality.
D) mental nonconformity.

Question 8

Kyo is 15 years old and lives in Japan. During the last six months, he has refused to leave his parents' home or go to school and spends most of his day sitting in his room reading, listening to music, or surfing the Internet. Recently, Kyo has refused to eat with the family, taking his plate back to his room to eat in front of the television. Kyo appears to be suffering from which culture-bound syndrome?

A) amok.
B) susto.
C) hikikomori.
D) zar.

Question 9

Statistical approaches define "abnormal" as those who

A) show evidence of loss of contact with reality.
B) are unhappy, withdrawn, and depressed.
C) deviate from typical or average patterns of behavior.
D) are disabled by anxiety.

Question 10

Regarding insanity, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Insanity is a legal term that refers to people who are unable to manage their affairs or foresee consequences.
B) Insanity is the most common disorder described in the DSM-5.
C) Insanity is a psychiatric term that refers to individuals with neurocognitive disorders or dissociative disorders.
D) Insanity is typically caused by a severe combination of personality disorders.

Question 11

People who have committed crimes and are unable to appreciate that what they did was wrong because they have a severe intellectual disability, autism, or brain damage, may be found

A) guilty but impaired.
B) not guilty by reason of insanity.
C) not guilty by reason of diminished responsibility.
D) guilty under exceptional circumstances.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of "going amok"?

A) A Native American, possessed by spirits, begins wailing and throwing himself at a wall.
B) In Ukraine, a woman in a religious trance races into the streets screaming obscenities.
C) In Japan, a man suddenly develops a fear that his penis will withdraw into his body.
D) In the Philippines, a brooding man suddenly goes on a murderous rampage.

Question 13

Although her family is unaware of her chronic feelings of hopelessness and despair, Carmen is very unhappy. Thus, she would be exhibiting psychopathology based on

A) statistical abnormality.
B) social nonconformity.
C) subjective discomfort.
D) cultural relativity.

Question 14

If Edgar is exhibiting maladaptive behavior, we would expect this behavior to often result in

A) acute psychotic behavior that would be readily apparent to any observer.
B) statistically rare behavior that would be offensive to most people in a culture.
C) serious psychological discomfort, disability, and\or a loss of control of thoughts, behaviors, or feelings.
D) rigidly conforming mannerisms and mutism that would incapacitate the person.

Question 15

Which of the following conditions do American psychologists Pamela Keel and Kelly Klump believe to be primarily a syndrome of Western cultures, such as the United States?

A) a nervous breakdown
B) bulimia
C) pedophilia
D) multiple personality

Question 16

According to sociologist Ronald Kessler, approximately what percent of all people with mental disorders are comorbid?

A) less than 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 17

Problems not arising until adulthood, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, would be classified as __________ disorders.

A) dissociative
B) somatic symptom
C) neurocognitive
D) neurodevelopmental

Question 18

Regarding the culture-bound syndromes, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Men in Asia can run "amok," brooding and exhibiting outbursts of violent behavior.
B) Eating disorders are culture-bound syndromes found only in Western cultures.
C) Culture bound syndromes suggest that people all over the world want to label unusual behavior.
D) Men in Malaysia, Laos, the Philippines, and Polynesia who believe they have been insulted develop the condition known as hikikomori.

Question 19

Almost any behavior can be judged to be normal or abnormal depending on the specific circumstances present. This qualification for judging whether or not a behavior is abnormal is referred to as

A) situational context.
B) subjective judgment.
C) environmental selectivity.
D) personal relativity.

Question 20

Health care providers have difficulty in diagnosing and treating a person when they suffer from more than one mental disorder at the same time. This condition is known as

A) cyclothymia.
B) psychosis.
C) comorbidity.
D) a conversion reaction.

Question 21

In the new diagnostic manual, paranoid, narcissistic, dependent, borderline, and antisocial are the types of psychotic disorders.

Question 22

The now-outdated term gender identity disorder has been replaced in the new diagnostic manual with gender dysphoria and only applies to individuals who are deeply troubled by their gender variance.

Question 23

Insanity is a legal term, not a psychological one.

Question 24

Psychologist David Rosenhan's work that involved pseudo-patients in a mental hospital suggests the importance of which of the following in the treatment of mental disorders?

A) labels and expectations
B) immediate medical intervention
C) availability of effective medication
D) staff training and morale

Question 25

Very few criminal trials end with a verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity.

Question 26

Knowing that Lloyd is suffering from bipolar disorder and currently is undergoing treatment, Joan assumes that he will relapse sooner or later and, therefore, refuses to hire him as a delivery person. Joan's reaction and response to Lloyd's application reflects the impact of

A) labeling a person with a disorder rather than the problem.
B) prejudice and discrimination.
C) social stigma.
D) all of these.

Question 27

While reading this module, a student notices what seems to be abnormal tendencies in his own behavior. This

A) indicates that the student is exhibiting psychopathology.
B) illustrates that pathological behavior is an exaggeration of normal defenses and reactions.
C) means that the student's behavior is clearly abnormal, but has not reached the severity or chronic nature that requires treatment, but may soon.
D) indicates that the student should seek psychological help immediately.

Question 28

The current diagnostic manual for classifying psychopathology is called the Uniform Code of Psychopathology (UPC).

Question 29

The idea that judgments regarding normality must be made by considering the values of the person's culture is known as __________.

Question 30

In judging normality, the most common source of bias is probably

A) religion.
B) race.
C) gender.
D) social class.

Question 31

Culturally-disapproved of behaviors in the past were often given psychological labels. The so-called "mental disorder" for a woman that had a healthy sexual appetite was known as

A) anarchia.
B) nymphomania.
C) self-defeating personality.
D) drapetomania.

Question 32

Failure to match one's behavior to accepted norms or to the usual minimum rules for social conduct describes the definition of normality referred to as __________.

Question 33

Statistical definitions cannot tell us where to draw the line between normality and abnormality.

Question 34

Problems arising before adulthood, such as autism, are termed neurocognitive disorders.

Question 35

Pedophilic, exhibitionistic, fetishistic, and voyeuristic disorders are types of sexual dysfunctions.

Question 36

The scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders is called __________.

Question 37

The core feature of all psychopathological behavior is that it causes subjective discomfort.

Question 38

Neurosis is an outdated term not found in the current diagnostic manual but with people still using this term to loosely refer to problems involving excessive anxiety.

Question 39

During your professor's lecture on the history of mental illness, you learned that in the past there were disorders called drapetomania, nymphomania, and anarchia, which do not exist today. From this lecture, you have learned that what is often considered normal or abnormal depends on

A) statistical deviations.
B) cultural disapproval.
C) the level of functioning.
D) subjective discomfort.

Question 40

Regarding psychiatric labeling, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The terms or labels used for various mental disorders today are meant to aid communication about human problems.
B) The most common source of bias in judging normality is social class.
C) Everyone has felt or acted "crazy" during brief periods of stress or high emotion.
D) People with psychological disorders have problems that are more severe or longer lasting than most of us experience.

Question 41

Regarding the symptoms of psychosis, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The most common psychotic hallucination is hearing voices.
B) A flat affect and a lack of emotion are considered to be positive symptoms of psychosis.
C) Psychotic speech tends to be so garbled and chaotic that it sometimes sounds like a "word salad."
D) When psychotic disturbances and a fragmented personality are evident for weeks or months, the person has suffered a psychosis.

Question 42

All psychoses are considered partly organic because they

A) involve changes in a person's emotional make-up.
B) produce deviant communication patterns.
C) involve physical changes in the brain.
D) produce major disturbances in thinking and personality.

Question 43

Describe Rosenhan's pseudo-patient study and discuss the dangers of psychiatric labeling.

Question 44

Men in Malaysia, Laos, the Philippines, and Polynesia who believe they have been insulted sometimes, after a period of brooding, erupt into an outburst of violent, aggressive, or homicidal behavior randomly directed at people and objects. This culture-bound syndrome is known as __________.

Question 45

Carl believes that the CIA has implanted a transmitter inside his head that is controlling his thoughts and behaviors. Carl is experiencing

A) delusions of reference.
B) delusions of influence.
C) erotomanic delusions.
D) somatic delusions.

Question 46

The simultaneous diagnosis of two or more mental disorders in one person is referred to as __________.

Question 47

Ron has many deeply held false beliefs. For instance, he believes he is the most famous psychologist in the world. He also believes that very sexy, intelligent, and beautiful women are vying for his attention and affection, when, in fact, they find him a nuisance. He often gets extremely jealous if these women speak or look at other men. It seems that Ron is most likely suffering from

A) dysthymic disorder.
B) a neurocognitive disorder.
C) a delusional disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.

Question 48

Malcolm was involuntarily committed to a mental hospital because he was found by the court to be unable to manage his affairs. Thus, Malcolm was declared by the court to be __________.

Question 49

Imaginary sensations, such as seeing, hearing, or smelling things that do not exist in the real world, are known as

A) delusions.
B) illusions.
C) hallucinations.
D) paradoxical intentions.

Question 50

Regarding the characteristics of psychosis, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The speech of psychotic patients tends to be garbled and chaotic.
B) Psychotic patients have severely disturbed emotions and may show a "flat affect."
C) A psychotic patient often exhibits a "split personality" with at least two identities.
D) Psychotic patients often experience delusions and\or hallucinations.

Question 51

In order to identify dissociative disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and other psychological problems, mental health professionals in America currently use the fifth edition of a manual known as the __________-5.

Question 52

Psychopathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease, that are due to various forms of damage to the nervous system not arising until adulthood are called __________ disorders.

Question 53

Discuss five ways of defining abnormality and the shortcomings of each, and describe the core feature of all abnormal behavior.

Question 54

Depressive, somatic, grandeur, persecution, influence, and reference are types of

A) hallucinations.
B) delusions.
C) schizophrenia.
D) affect.

Question 55

A person who has physical symptoms that mimic disease or injury, such as paralysis or blindness, for which there is no identifiable physical cause would have a conversion disorder, which is part of the category of __________ and related disorders.

Question 56

In the past, behaviors that violated cultural norms were often given the psychological label of "mental disorder." An example of this is a mental "disorder" from the 1840s attributed to enslaved people who ran away from their master enslavers called ______.

Question 57

A psychotic individual might express which of the following disturbed emotions?

A) wild elation or hyperemotional
B) depressed emotions
C) apathy and a lack of emotion
D) all of these

Question 58

Besides neurocognitive disorders, two major types of psychotic disorders are

A) multiple personalities and conversion disorders.
B) delusional disorders and schizophrenia.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder and multiple personalities.
D) dissociative disorders and bipolar disorder.

Question 59

Although they do not suffer from the hallucinations, emotional excesses, or personality disintegration seen in other psychoses, people who experience deeply held false beliefs about experiences that could occur in real life would be diagnosed with

A) schizophrenia.
B) a delusional disorder.
C) paraphilia.
D) bipolar disorder.

Question 60

Although it was not a diagnosis in the original diagnostic manual, it has become one of the most widely diagnosed disorders among young boys, prompting critics to decry the diagnosis as "pathologizing boyhood." This disorder is __________.

Question 61

Not all symptoms are equally prominent in every person who has schizophrenia. Similarly, the different symptoms in any individual can become more or less prominent over time. For these reasons, the various manifestations of schizophrenia are referred to as

A) generalized schizophrenic disorders.
B) dissociative disorders.
C) somatic symptom disorders.
D) schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Question 62

The most common form of psychosis is

A) paranoid psychosis.
B) schizophrenia.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) multiple personality disorder.

Question 63

Gene's personality disintegration is extreme. He is experiencing fragmented delusions and auditory hallucinations and engages in silly laughter, bizarre mannerisms, and obscene behaviors and speech. Gene's extreme form of schizophrenia is sometimes referred to as

A) disorganized.
B) borderline.
C) catatonic.
D) dissociative.

Question 64

A symptom marked by a preoccupation with delusions related to a single theme, especially grandeur or persecution is called

A) paranoia.
B) erotomania.
C) catatonia.
D) factitious.

Question 65

James Huberty, who killed 21 people at a fast-food restaurant in San Ysidro, California, felt persecuted and cheated by life. Shortly before he went to the fast-food restaurant, he announced to his wife that he was "going hunting humans." For some time, Huberty had been hearing hallucinated voices. Huberty was exhibiting the paranoia often seen in

A) schizophrenia.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) paranoid psychosis.
D) bipolar disorder.

Question 66

A delusion that one has some great talent or insight, or has special connections to important people would be classified as which type?

A) erotomanic
B) grandiose
C) jealous
D) persecutory

Question 67

The same drugs used to treat LSD overdoses tend to alleviate the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. These drugs are

A) phenothiazines.
B) amphetamines.
C) acetylcholines.
D) catecholamines.

Question 68

A woman believes that she has noticeable curvature of the spine even though two doctors have examined her independently and found no problem. Delusions of this sort would be of which type?

A) erotomanic
B) somatic
C) grandiose
D) persecutory

Question 69

Research has shown that the right combination of inherited potential and environmental stress may produce mind-altering changes in the brain. These changes may cause psychotic behavior and various forms of psychopathology. This is called the __________ model.

A) undifferentiated impact
B) causal-interactional
C) psychogenic-environmental
D) stress-vulnerability

Question 70

The most common psychotic hallucinations are tactile sensations in which the person feels like "insects are crawling under his or her skin."

Question 71

Johann has the most common type of delusional disorder, which is

A) the erotomanic type.
B) the jealous type.
C) paranoid psychosis.
D) catatonia.

Question 72

People suffering from erotomanic delusions typically believe that their bodies are diseased or rotting, or infested with insects or parasites, or that parts of their bodies are defective.

Question 73

A person who is absolutely convinced, against all evidence, that his or her spouse is having an affair is

A) a classic example of a possessive personality.
B) suffering from paranoid schizophrenia.
C) manifesting a jealous type delusion.
D) manifesting an erotomanic type delusion.

Question 74

Delusions and hallucinations are considered negative symptoms of psychosis.

Question 75

Regarding the rate of occurrence of schizophrenia, what proportion of the population will have schizophrenia in any given year?

A) one in 100
B) one in 1,000
C) one in 5,000
D) one in 10,000

Question 76

If a person suffering from schizophrenia has an identical twin, what percent chance does the other twin have of also becoming schizophrenic?

A) one percent
B) 28 percent
C) 48 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 77

The CT scans and MRI scans both suggest that the brains of persons suffering from schizophrenia have

A) become swelled by excess fluid.
B) shrunk (atrophied).
C) become overactive in the frontal lobes.
D) tightly-packed surface fissures.

Question 78

Children who were exposed to psychological trauma or deviant communication patterns have a higher risk of developing

A) autism.
B) a neurocognitive disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) a conversion disorder.

Question 79

As long as the psychiatric nurse remains very quiet, she can move Jacob's arms and legs and shift his body position. Once he has been moved, he will remain so until someone moves him again. The unusual stupor state is sometimes observed in schizophrenia and is called

A) dysthymia.
B) hebephrenic behavior.
C) catatonia.
D) paranoia.

Question 80

April writes love letters to Brad Pitt everyday. Although she has never met him, she believes that he has read all of her letters and that one day this movie star will marry her. April is exhibiting which type of delusional disorder?

A) bipolar
B) histrionic
C) erotomanic
D) persecutory