Deck 14: Herapies

Question 1

Psychotherapy includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) the use of medical and other somatic approaches.
B) verbal interactions between therapists and clients.
C) the use of learning principles to directly alter troublesome behaviors.
D) the use of different concepts and methods with different clients.

Answer 1

the use of medical and other somatic approaches.

Question 2

Dr. Bryant is a psychologist. He has his clients sign contracts and gives them "homework," which they must complete and then report the results of at the next session. Dr. Bryant's type of therapy would best be described as __________ therapy.

A) supportive
B) somatic
C) insight
D) directive

Answer 2

directive

Question 3

The American Psychological Association urges media psychologists to

A) provide their services for free.
B) obtain more personal information from the caller before diagnosing the problem.
C) discuss problems in a general manner, instead of counseling.
D) stop conducting any kind of call-in shows.

Answer 3

discuss problems in a general manner, instead of counseling.

Question 4

Those who enter formal psychotherapy can expect all of the following EXCEPT

A) a chance to practice new behaviors.
B) a setting for the free expression of emotions without fear of rejection or loss of confidentiality.
C) an explanation and rationale for one's suffering.
D) a setting for insightful personality reorganization.

Question 5

The goal of psychotherapy is to

A) undo a person's past so that these events will cease to cause emotional harm to the person.
B) bring about positive changes in personality, behavior, or personal adjustment.
C) treat mental disorders using psychiatric drugs and other physical approaches.
D) help a person to develop ego defenses that can be used to resolve emotional conflicts.

Question 6

Which type of psychotherapy is an insight therapy whose strength is the productive use of conflict?

A) existential
B) Gestalt
C) brief psychodynamic
D) cognitive

Question 7

Connie has signed up to participate in a divorce recovery group that will also include eight sessions of individual therapy. This individual therapy would best be described as __________ therapy.

A) time-limited
B) insight
C) action
D) nondirective

Question 8

A little more than 100 years ago, the first true psychotherapy was developed by

A) Freud to treat hysteria.
B) Pinel to treat psychosis.
C) Eysenck to treat neurosis.
D) Frankl to treat anxiety.

Question 9

Moreno believed that through psychodrama people

A) are able to challenge irrational beliefs.
B) gain insight that will transfer to real-life situations.
C) learn self-reinforcement techniques.
D) try out many different roles to discover their true identities.

Question 10

According to recent research, three of the following therapies were shown to be the most effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. Which was NOT one of these three?

A) drug therapy
B) behavioral therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) client-centered therapy

Question 11

Regarding the psychodynamic therapy used today, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) More direct questioning is used to reveal unconscious conflicts.
B) Therapists today actively provoke emotional reactions, which lower defenses and provide insights.
C) Today's psychodynamic therapy requires more sessions per week over a longer time period than the traditional psychoanalysis.
D) Today's psychodynamic therapy has been shown to accelerate recovery.

Question 12

Regarding the effectiveness of therapy, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) In a national survey, it was found that only five out of ten people who have sought mental health care say their lives improved as a result of the treatment.
B) Someone who feels better after six months of therapy may have experienced a spontaneous remission.
C) Studies have shown that some therapies are more effective for specific disorders.
D) When experiments are used to determine the effectiveness of therapies, a waiting-list control group is often used.

Question 13

A verbal interaction between a trained mental health professional and several clients at the same time is called

A) meta-analysis.
B) individual therapy.
C) insight therapy.
D) group therapy.

Question 14

Which of the following is a technique that is designed to help people see themselves more clearly and involves watching your own behavior re-enacted by another group member much like watching a character in a play?

A) the mirror technique
B) reciprocal inhibition
C) transference
D) the somatic technique

Question 15

Because of high costs and limited insurance coverage, the average patient receives only

A) three therapy sessions after which less than one percent feel better.
B) five therapy sessions after which only 20 percent feel better.
C) nine therapy sessions after which only 45 percent feel better.
D) 12 therapy sessions after which about 75 percent feel better.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Internet therapy?

A) Clients can remain anonymous.
B) Distance therapy makes therapy available to people who, for a variety of reasons, cannot easily attend traditional face-to-face sessions.
C) Psychologists will not be distracted by the client's facial expressions or body language.
D) Internet therapy is less expensive than traditional office visits.

Question 17

In Europe, exorcism was used as a treatment at a time when medieval "therapists" focused on which of the following as the cause of abnormal behavior?

A) trepanning
B) humanism
C) demonology
D) Gestaltism

Question 18

Which of the following is an element of positive mental health?

A) insensitivity to the demands of others
B) achievement motivation
C) capacity to forgive others and oneself
D) extroversion

Question 19

Jan's therapist uses an insight therapy in helping Jan to deal with her fears and anxieties. Her therapist is intent on having Jan focus on her immediate awareness and not indulge in the past. Jan's therapist is most likely a

A) psychoanalyst.
B) Gestalt therapist.
C) behavior therapist.
D) cognitive therapist.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of family therapy?

A) to improve communication among family members
B) to resolve inner conflicts for each individual family member
C) to change distorted perceptions and interactions within the family
D) to have family members see each other in new and different ways

Question 21

A caring relationship that unites a therapist and a client  as they work together to solve the client's problems is referred to as the __________.

Question 22

The first true psychotherapy was __________.

Question 23

Humane treatment for the mentally ill was brought about by the work of Philippe Pinel, who literally unchained the "patients" in European asylums in 1793.

Question 24

In a national survey, nearly nine out of ten people who have sought mental health care say their lives improved as a result of the treatment.

Question 25

A primitive procedure that was used to "release evil spirits" and consisted of boring, chipping, or bashing holes in the patients' heads was called __________.

Question 26

The emotional problem, which Freud called "hysteria," is known today as schizophrenia.

Question 27

Therapy provides clients with a new perspective about themselves and their situations and a chance to practice new behaviors

Question 28

Describe the four core features offered by effective therapy, and explain why each is important.

Question 29

In order to help Andy see how his words and gestures appear aggressive to others, the therapist in Andy's psychodrama group has Andy join the audience and two other members of the group play Andy and the person he is talking with. This technique is known as the __________ technique.

Question 30

During the Middle Ages, the treatment for abnormal behavior was exorcism, which often involved physical torture in order to make the body an inhospitable place for the devil to reside.

Question 31

Discuss the various types of distance therapies, including how they can be helpful and harmful to the public, the APA's recommendation for mass media psychologists, and the advantages and limitations of the different types of distance therapies.

Question 32

Since cognitive and behavioral therapies directly change troublesome thoughts and actions, these therapies would be considered insight therapies.

Question 33

Therapy conducted over the telephone or the Internet would be referred to as __________ therapy.

Question 34

A therapy in which clients act out personal conflicts and feelings in the presence of others, who play supporting roles, is called psychodrama.

Question 35

Clients assume responsibility for solving their own problems, while the therapist assists, but does not guide or give advice in therapies that are considered __________.

Question 36

Discuss the history of how mental illness has been treated from the Stone Age, through the Middle Ages until Pinel's work in France, including the approaches used and which mental disorders that their "patients" were probably suffering from.

Question 37

Helping to guide clients to a deeper understanding of the origins of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors is the goal of psychodynamic and humanistic therapies, both of which are considered __________ therapies.

Question 38

A brief dynamic psychotherapy designed to help people by improving their relationships with other people is known as __________.

Question 39

Telephone and Internet therapists have to be credentialed and licensed just like face-to-face therapists as well as holding licensure in all 50 states in the U.S. and in Canada.

Question 40

Productive use of conflict is the strength of existential therapy, while observable changes in behavior is the strength of Gestalt therapy.

Question 41

Tim tries to argue with his therapist like he used to argue with his late father, who rejected and ridiculed him. Tim even tells the therapist, "You are just like him." According to psychoanalytical theory, Tim is exhibiting

A) reciprocal inhibition.
B) a therapeutic attachment.
C) transference.
D) resistance.

Question 42

According to Aaron Beck, which of the following underlies depression?

A) unconscious motives
B) unrealistic goals
C) irrational fears
D) negative, self-defeating thoughts

Question 43

Who stated that dreams provide a "royal road to the unconscious" because forbidden desires and unconscious feelings are freely expressed?

A) Abraham Maslow
B) Carl Rogers
C) Albert Ellis
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 44

Regarding the differences in traditional psychoanalysis and Roger's humanistic therapy, which of the following statements is\are TRUE?

A) Psychoanalysts explore conscious thoughts and feelings, while humanistic therapists delve into the unconscious.
B) Psychoanalysts tend to take a position of authority within the session, while the client determines what will be discussed during each Rogerian therapy session.
C) Psychoanalysts tend to be more optimistic than the humanists regarding the possibility of their clients leading full, rich, rewarding lives.
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 45

A form of existential therapy known as logotherapy was developed by

A) Fritz Perls
B) Alfred Adler
C) Victor Frankl
D) Otto Rank

Question 46

Lindsay fails an accounting test. Lindsay now believes that she should probably change to a non-business major, that she should quit her part-time job at the bank, and should resign as the treasurer for the business club, even though she is quite good at all of these activities. Lindsay's behavior exemplifies the distortion of thinking cognitive therapists call

A) all-or-nothing thinking.
B) personification.
C) overgeneralization.
D) selective perception.

Question 47

Hannah's therapist uses a directive approach in which he draws attention to Hannah's posture, voice, and gestures in order to help her become more aware of her perceptions and feelings in the "here and now." Hannah's therapist appears to be a(n) __________ therapist.

A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) client-centered
D) Gestalt

Question 48

Traditional psychoanalysis, humanistic therapies, and cognitive therapies would all be considered

A) talk-oriented approaches.
B) insight therapies.
C) action therapies.
D) nondirective approaches.

Question 49

Compared to a psychoanalyst, a psychologist practicing client-centered psychotherapy is more likely to use

A) an analysis of resistance and transference.
B) hypnotic regression.
C) an exploration of conscious thoughts and feelings.
D) tactics to uncover repressed memories.

Question 50

Unlike psychodynamic and humanistic therapies, cognitive therapies usually try to

A) uncover one's "true self" hidden behind a screen of defenses.
B) help the client find purpose and meaningfulness in his or her life.
C) expand the client's self-awareness and rebuild thinking, feeling, and acting into connected wholes.
D) directly change what the client thinks, believes, and feels, and, as a consequence, how he or she acts.

Question 51

A client-centered therapist avoids hiding behind his or her professional role and strives to be honest and genuine. This condition essential to therapy is referred to as

A) authenticity.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) empathy.
D) reflection.

Question 52

In the A-B-C analysis of rational-emotive behavior therapy, the letters stand for

A) anomalous stimuli, maladaptive beliefs, congruent experiences.
B) activating experience, irrational beliefs, emotional consequences.
C) action, behavior, catharsis.
D) anticipated rewards, maladaptive behavior, inappropriate conduct.

Question 53

Regarding Hans Eysenck's critique, spontaneous remissions, and the effectiveness of psychoanalysis, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Research has shown that some problems, such as hyperactivity and anxiety do improve with the passage of time, even when not treated with therapy.
B) Research has shown that psychoanalysis produces improvement in only a small minority of patients.
C) Hans Eysenck suggested that psychoanalysis takes so long that patients experience a spontaneous remission of symptoms.
D) Eysenck's critique of therapy has encouraged psychologists to try new ideas and techniques.

Question 54

Through her therapist's use of confrontation, Simone experienced an emotional rebirth, as if she had survived a close brush with death and now realized the things that were truly important in her life. Simone's therapist is most likely a(n) __________ therapist.

A) psychodynamic
B) existential
C) cognitive
D) behavioral

Question 55

Freud's theory stressed that "neurosis" and "hysteria" were caused by repressed memories, motives, and conflicts with these hidden forces remaining active in the personality and causing people to develop

A) learned helplessness.
B) rigid ego-defenses and compulsive, self-defeating behavior.
C) incongruence between the real self and the ideal self.
D) a loss of meaning in their lives so their self-awareness becomes disjointed.

Question 56

Which of the following therapists believe that negative, self-defeating thoughts underlie depression?

A) psychoanalysts
B) behavioral therapists
C) cognitive therapists
D) existential therapists

Question 57

A young man dreams of pulling a pistol from his waistband and aiming at a target, while his wife watches. The pistol repeatedly fails to discharge, and the man's wife laughs at him. A Freudian psychoanalyst might see the symbolic meaning of this dream to mean that the young man is suffering from repressed feelings of sexual impotence. This symbolic meaning of a dream is known as __________ content.

A) transference
B) lucid
C) manifest
D) latent

Question 58

Unlike existential therapy, which therapy seeks to uncover one's "true self" hidden behind a screen of defenses?

A) client-centered therapy
B) Gestalt therapy
C) logotherapy
D) cognitive therapy

Question 59

Paul, an 18-year-old college student, is playing online blackjack and credits his skill for the wins and blames his losses on bad luck. Paul is exhibiting which of the cognitive distortions that lead to gambling addictions?

A) attribution error
B) the gambler's fallacy
C) overinterpretation of cues
D) selective memory

Question 60

According to Ellis, which of the following develop(s) from the following three core ideas: you must treat me fairly; I must perform well and be approved of by significant others; and conditions must be the way I want them to be?

A) avoidance learning
B) irrational beliefs
C) cases of transference
D) cases of meaninglessness

Question 61

Lana has lost most of her life's savings at the casino. Describe the seven cognitive distortions related to gambling, and explain how these beliefs could have led to Lana's addiction and how cognitive therapists could help her.

Question 62

Although Micah made a good grade on her psychology test, received a pay raise at her part-time job, and had her car repaired for very little money, she dwells on the rebuff of a friend. According to Aaron Beck, Micah is illustrating the cognitive distortion known as __________.

Question 63

A therapist who follows the optimistic, insight-oriented approaches of either client-centered therapy, existential therapy, or Gestalt therapy would be considered a(n) __________ therapist.

Question 64

When Freud referred to the "royal road to the unconscious," he was talking about one's__________.

Question 65

According to Freud, repressed memories, motives, and conflicts remain active in the personality and cause some people to develop rigid ego defenses and compulsive, self-defeating behavior.

Question 66

Cheryl has been responding to her therapist with hostility during her sessions. Upon further investigation her therapist realized that she was unconsciously projecting her anger and frustration associated with her father onto her therapist. Cheryl is experiencing __________.

Question 67

In client-centered therapy, clients determine what will be discussed during each session and must actively seek to solve their own problems.

Question 68

Victor Frankl based his logotherapy on experiences he had as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp.

Question 69

Problems ranging from hyperactivity to anxiety have been shown to improve with the passage of time, even when not treated with therapy.

Question 70

Petra is extremely shy. To optimize her treatment outcome, her therapist is actively changing her distorted thoughts regarding her self-defeating beliefs about her shyness and her fears of being evaluated, while also increasing her social skills. Petra and her therapist practice these social skills, such as using open-ended questions in conversation, and then Petra goes out in public to practice these skills. This therapist is most likely a(n) __________ therapist.

A) cognitive behavior
B) existential
C) client-centered
D) Gestalt

Question 71

In client-centered therapy, the process of rephrasing or repeating thoughts and feelings expressed by clients so they can become aware of what they are saying is known as __________.

Question 72

Therapies that tend to focus on issues of death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness would be classified as __________ therapies.

Question 73

Describe the humanistic therapies of existential therapy, including logotherapy and Gestalt therapy, and explain how each differs from client-centered therapy.

Question 74

Hans Eysenck suggested that psychoanalysis simply takes so long that patients improve due to the mere passage of time, that is, they experience a(n) __________.

Question 75

In the A-B-C analysis of rational-emotive behavior therapy, the letters stand for action, behavior, and catharsis.

Question 76

Researchers have confirmed that psychoanalysis and related psychotherapies do, in fact, produce improvement in a majority of patients.

Question 77

Gestalt therapists are more directive and less insight-oriented than client-centered or existential therapists.

Question 78

When Arnold's therapist analyzes Arnold's dream, the hidden, symbolic meaning of Arnold's dream is referred to as the manifest content.

Question 79

Rogers believed that phony fronts destroy the growth atmosphere sought in client-centered therapy; therefore the therapist must strive to be genuine and honest about his or her own feelings, a condition known as __________.

Question 80

According to Freud, when a client suddenly begins to whine and argue and treat the therapist like he does his mother, this illustrates the process of resistance.