Deck 9: Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Question 1

The energy of a(n) ____ is inversely proportional to its wavelength.

A) radon
B) proton
C) photon
D) neutron
E) electron

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is the process by which light energy is converted into the stored chemical energy of organic molecules?

A) diffusion
B) endocytosis
C) respiration
D) fermentation
E) photosynthesis

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following are accessory photosynthetic pigments that expand the spectrum of light to provide energy for photosynthesis?

A) carotenoids only
B) chlorophyll a only
C) chlorophyll b only
D) carotenoids and chlorophyll a
E) carotenoids and chlorophyll b

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Engelmann concluded that chlorophyll in the chloroplasts is responsible for photosynthesis based on the which of the following results?

A) Protons flow through the ATP synthase complex.
B) The action spectrum of photosynthesis matched the maximum production of oxygen by Spirogyra, with the greatest accumulation of bacteria in the blue and red regions of the spectrum.
C) Bacteria exposed to the action spectrum for photosynthesis showed no preference to any particular color of light.
D) Accessory pigments transfer some of the energy of excitation produced by green light to chlorophyll molecules.
E) Spirogyra cells each contain a long, spiral-shaped, emerald-green chloroplast embedded in the cytoplasm.

Question 5

Which part of the chlorophyll molecule is responsible for absorbing light?

A) methyl group
B) porphyrin ring
C) magnesium ion
D) phosphate group
E) long hydrocarbon side chain

Question 6

Figure 9-1 Using the labels in the accompanying figure, where are chloroplasts found in the greatest density?

A) 1 and 2
B) 3 and 4
C) 4 and 5
D) 6 and 7
E) 7 and 8

Question 7

An electron absorbs a photon of light energy and becomes energized; the electron shifts from a ____ atomic orbital to a __________ atomic orbital.

A) fluorescing; ground state
B) ground state; lower energy
C) lower energy; higher energy
D) higher energy; lower energy
E) ground state; different ground state

Question 8

When an electron returns to its ground state, energy will be released as heat or an emission of light of a longer wavelength known as:

A) fluorescence.
B) UV radiation.
C) action spectrum.
D) photoelectron hydrolysis.
E) photoelectron degradation.

Question 9

What color does chlorophyll reflect?

A) red
B) blue
C) green
D) violet
E) yellow

Question 10

What is the fluid-filled sac within the inner membrane of a chloroplast called?

A) grana
B) lumen
C) stroma
D) thylakoid
E) electron acceptor

Question 11

Figure 9-2 The graph in the accompanying figure represents the:

A) electromagnetic spectrum
B) action spectrum of photosynthesis
C) process of cyclic electron transport
D) process of noncyclic electron transport
E) absorption spectra for chlorophylls a and b

Question 12

By definition, substances that absorb visible light are called:

A) photons.
B) pigments.
C) porphyrins.
D) nucleotides.
E) hydrocarbons.

Question 13

Why does red and blue light support the highest rates of photosynthesis?

A) These wavelengths activate ATP synthase.
B) These are the only wavelengths reaching Earth from the sun.
C) These are the only wavelengths that carotenoids cannot absorb.
D) These wavelengths have the highest energy in the visible spectrum.
E) These wavelengths are absorbed by chlorophyll more than any other wavelength.

Question 14

Which type of electromagnetic waves have the shortest wavelength?

A) ultraviolet
B) radio waves
C) microwaves
D) gamma waves
E) green visible light

Question 15

The action spectrum of photosynthesis best matches the absorption spectrum of:

A) ATP.
B) NADPH.
C) carotenoids.
D) carbohydrates.
E) chlorophylls a and b .

Question 16

In what part of a chloroplast are chlorophyll and accessory photosynthetic pigments associated?

A) stroma
B) stroma grana
C) thylakoid membranes
D) mesophyll membranes
E) light reaction centers of the stroma lamellae

Question 17

A chlorophyll molecule has a porphyrin ring containing a single atom of:

A) manganese.
B) magnesium.
C) phosphorus.
D) nitrogen.
E) iron.

Question 18

Figure 9-2 According to the graph in the accompanying figure, chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in what region of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A) UV and red wavelengths
B) red and blue wavelengths
C) blue and green wavelengths
D) green and yellow wavelengths
E) UV and infrared wavelengths

Question 19

A group of thylakoid discs make up what part of a chloroplast?

A) lumen
B) stroma
C) granum
D) vacuole
E) mesophyll layer

Question 20

Figure 9-1 What is the primary function of the leaf structure labeled as 5 in the accompanying figure?

A) food storage
B) gas exchange
C) photosynthesis
D) nutrient absorption
E) water transportation

Question 21

How many electrons are needed to reduce one molecule of NADP⁺ to NADPH?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 22

Thylakoid membranes are involved in ____ synthesis.

A) glucose
B) NADP⁺
C) ATP
D) RuBP
E) PEP

Question 23

Which photosynthetic unit consists of a pair of chlorophyll a molecules with an absorption peak of 700nm?

A) photolysis
B) Calvin cycle
C) photosystem I
D) antenna complex
E) photosystem II

Question 24

What are the two phases of photosynthesis?

A) chemiosmosis and photochemical reactions
B) carbon reduction reactions and oxidation reactions
C) light-dependent reactions and carbon fixation reactions
D) carbon fixation reactions and oxygen fixation reactions
E) light-independent reactions and carbon fixation reactions

Question 25

What type of reaction occurs during photosynthesis when hydrogen atoms are transferred from water to carbon dioxide to form a carbohydrate?

A) redox reaction
B) anaerobic reaction
C) catabolic reaction
D) oxidation reaction
E) hydrolytic reaction

Question 26

How are chlorophyll molecules attached to thylakoid membranes?

A) by a magnesium ion
B) with a porphyrin ring
C) with a methyl group
D) by a hydroxide group
E) by a long hydrocarbon side chain

Question 27

In which part of the chloroplast do the carbon fixation reactions take place?

A) lumen
B) stroma
C) granum
D) mesophyll
E) thylakoids

Question 28

Each antenna complex absorbs light energy and transfers it to its reaction center, which consists of chlorophyll molecules and ____.

A) P680
B) proteins
C) carotenoids
D) accessory pigments
E) thylakoid membranes

Question 29

During the reactions of photosynthesis, ____ is reduced and ____ is oxidized.

A) O₂; H₂O
B) CO₂; H₂O
C) O₂; C₆H₁₂O₆
D) H₂O; C₆H₁₂O₆
E) CO₂; C₆H₁₂O₆

Question 30

Where is the electron transport chain of photosynthesis located?

A) cristae
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplast stroma
D) thylakoid membrane
E) outer chloroplast membrane

Question 31

Which best summarizes the overall reactions of photosynthesis?

A) 6 CO₂ + 12 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 12 O_2.
B) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + 6 H₂O → 6 CO₂ + 12 H₂O
C) 6 CO₂ + 12 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + 6 H₂O
D) 12 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 12 O₂ + 6 H₂O
E) 6 H₂CO₃ + 6 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O + 6 O₂

Question 32

ATP synthesis during the light-dependent reactions occurs by which process?

A) diffusion
B) photolysis
C) chemiosmosis
D) phosphorylation
E) cyclic electron transport

Question 33

Figure 9-3 Where is NADPH formed in the accompanying diagram?

A) F
B) 4
C) 3
D) 2
E) B

Question 34

ATP is formed when ____ the thylakoid lumen.

A) hydrogen ions enter
B) hydrogen ions leave
C) electrons enter
D) electrons leave
E) water is split in

Question 35

Which process not only yields electrons during photosystem I and II, but also is the source of almost all the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere?

A) glycolysis
B) photolysis
C) Calvin cycle
D) CAM pathway
E) noncyclic electron transport

Question 36

What are the reactants of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A) H₂O, ADP, and NADP+
B) CO₂, ADP, and NADP+
C) H₂O, ATP, and NADPH
D) CO₂, ADP, and NADPH
E) H₂O, CO₂, and NADP+

Question 37

During which phase of photosynthesis is ATP and NADPH synthesized?

A) glycolysis
B) citric acid cycle
C) light-dependent phase
D) light-independent phase
E) carbon fixation reactions

Question 38

The synthesis of ATP during photosynthesis or respiration occurs as a result of what process?

A) oxidation of NADPH
B) phosphorylation of ATP
C) phosphorylation of ADP
D) phosphorylation of G3P
E) photophosphorylation of AMP

Question 39

What is the ultimate source of electrons for noncyclic electron transport, and thus photosynthesis?

A) ATP
B) water
C) NADP⁺
D) oxygen
E) chlorophyll

Question 40

Figure 9-3 Carbon is fixed in which part of the accompanying diagram?

A) A
B) G
C) 4
D) 2
E) 1

Question 41

Which of the following would be classified as a CAM plant?

A) rose
B) crocus
C) orchid
D) daffodil
E) chrysanthemum

Question 42

A(n) absorption spectrum indicates the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of light.
__________________

Question 43

Surrounding the grana is the thylakoid lumen .
__________________

Question 44

Diagram and label the internal structure of a chloroplast. Briefly describe the function of each structure you labeled.

Question 45

What is the C₄ pathway? Briefly explain how this adaptation increases the effectiveness of photosynthesis in these plants.

Question 46

Explain the origin, location, and function of the proton gradient in the process of photosynthesis.

Question 47

Which organism would be classified as a chemoautotroph?

A) cactus
B) lichen
C) oak tree
D) green algae
E) nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Question 48

Compare and contrast the cyclic and noncyclic electron transport pathways of photosynthesis.

Question 49

How many carbon fixation reactions make up the Calvin cycle?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 10
E) 13

Question 50

What are the reactants of the Calvin cycle?

A) CO₂, H₂O, and ATP
B) CO₂, ADP, and NADP+
C) CO₂, ATP, and NADPH
D) H₂O, ATP, and NADPH
E) H₂O, ATP, and NADPH

Question 51

What is the first step in the Calvin cycle?

A) O₂ attaches to CO₂.
B) O₂ attaches to G3P.
C) CO₂ attaches to RuBP.
D) CO₂ attaches to Rubisco.
E) CO₂ attaches to phosphoglycerate.

Question 52

The photolysis of water occurs in conjunction with photosystem I .
__________________

Question 53

At night, CAM plants incorporate CO₂ into ____, which is stored in the ____ of their cells.

A) fructose; vacuoles
B) malate; vacuoles
C) glucose; starch granules
D) pyruvate; starch granules
E) acetyl CoA; mitochondria

Question 54

In photosynthesis, the oxygen atoms released as O₂ comes from CO ₂ .
__________________

Question 55

The product of the Calvin cycle that is of greatest practical importance to the plant is carbohydrate .
__________________

Question 56

Ribulose phosphate is synthesized from which molecule?

A) CO₂
B) G3P
C) RuBP
D) NADP⁺
E) pyruvate

Question 57

In C₃ plants, the ____ are typically closed at night and open during the daytime to allow for gas exchange.

A) grana
B) stomata
C) cuticles
D) epidermis
E) spongy mesophyll

Question 58

The part of a chlorophyll molecule that absorbs light energy is the porphyrin ring .
__________________

Question 59

In C₄ plants, reactions that fix CO₂ into four-carbon compounds occur in what type of cells?

A) guard cells
B) xylem cells
C) epidermal cells
D) mesophyll cells
E) bundle sheath cells

Question 60

Which is the energy source that drives the Calvin cycle?

A) ATP only
B) ADP only
C) G3P only
D) ADP and G3P
E) ATP and NADH

Question 63

At a plant's light compensation point the rate of photosynthesis is greater than the rate of respiration.
__________________

Question 64

CAM plants open their stomata at night , admitting CO₂ while minimizing water loss.

Question 65

Photorespiration is a wasteful process that could be largely avoided if rubisco would bind only CO ₂. __________________

Question 66

Most plants are known as photoheterotrophs .

Question 67

ATP is generated when protons flow through the cytochrome complex in the thylakoid membrane.
__________________

Question 68

Compare and contrast the processes of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. How are they similar and how do they differ?

Question 69

When photosynthetic pigments are extracted from the chloroplasts of green plants, they have a higher tendency to fluoresce than pigments within intact chloroplasts. Explain this phenomenon.

Question 70

Even though the steps of photosynthesis that actually produce sugar molecules are part of the carbon fixation reactions, the light-dependent reactions are absolutely essential for sugar synthesis. Explain the role of the light-dependent reactions in the formation of the end products of photosynthesis.

Question 71

Cyclic electron transport is different from noncyclic electron transport in that cyclic electron transport produces NADPH .
__________________

Question 72

Propose an appropriate solvent to be used in the extraction of photosynthetic pigments from chloroplasts. Explain your choice.