Deck 4: Police in Society: History and Organization

Question 1

The Secret Service is housed by the US Justice Department.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

It is currently recognized that a majority of predatory crimes are concentrated in geographic "hot spots."

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Most metropolitan police departments have fewer than 50 officers and serve a population of fewer than 25,000.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

One reason private policing is so popular is because there is a general belief that government police are not capable of providing the level of service and presence that the public desires.

Question 5

About 23 state police agencies have the same general police powers as municipal police and are territorially limited in their exercise of law enforcement regulations only by the state's boundaries.

Question 6

The first US police departments were created to control the urban mob violence that dominated the nation's cities during the nineteenth century.

Question 7

Data mining is a process where computer software identifies crime patterns and links them to suspects..

Question 8

Thief takers were professional criminals who assisted burglars.

Question 9

In medieval England, a group of 10 families called tithings had their affairs overseen by a constable.

Question 10

A number of county law enforcement agencies are now engaging in antiterror and homeland security activities.

Question 11

In colonial America, the sheriff did not patrol or seek out crime, but he did collect taxes.

Question 12

Public police have to focus their efforts on public property alone, while private police focus on private property alone.

Question 13

The President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing gathered together the nation's most prominent police officers to discuss priorities for the modern police force.

Question 14

Private police outnumber public police by a factor of three to one.

Question 15

Many early police reform efforts failed because the private citizens appointed to enact reform lacked expertise about the complexities of police work.

Question 16

The O. J. Simpson case prompted a major era of police reform.

Question 17

Federal police agencies are the only agencies that have not privatized at least in part to cut expenses.

Question 18

The early English constable might be considered the first real police officer.

Question 19

The Texas Rangers were one of the first state police agencies.

Question 20

Police unions really began to expand in the 1960s and continued to have a great impact on departmental administration in the 1980s.

Question 21

What was one of August Vollmer's greatest contributions to police professionalism?

A) He instituted university training for young officers.
B) He established the first formal police academy in the United States.
C) He was the first president of the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP).
D) He created the first special weapons and tactics (SWAT) team.

Question 22

Henry Fielding operated his own monied police, referred to as ___________, which attempted to clean up earlier policing efforts by deciding which cases to investigate and which streets to protect.

A) Justices of the peace
B) Friends of Fielding
C) Bow Street Runners
D) Metropolitan Police

Question 23

What office was created in 1326 to assist the shire reeve in controlling the county?

A) Sheriff
B) Constable
C) Bobbie
D) Justice of the peace

Question 24

High-definition surveying of crime scenes allows the crime scene to be preserved exactly as it was and limits crime scene contamination.

Question 25

What federal program supported innovative research on police work and advanced training for police officers during the 1970s?

A) Criminal Justice Institute
B) National Institute of Justice
C) Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)
D) Federal Crime Bill

Question 26

Until 1881, the New York police were responsible for street sweeping.

Question 27

Which US city created the first formal US police department in 1838?

A) Boston
B) New York City
C) Philadelphia
D) Chicago

Question 28

Which federal law enforcement agency is the oldest and one of the most versatile?

A) Secret Service
B) CIA
C) USMS
D) FBI

Question 29

English police officers were originally called "bobbies" because:

A) their heads often bobbed up and down as they rode the streets of London on horses.
B) Sir Robert (Bobbie) Peel was responsible for their creation.
C) an inordinately large number of the original London metropolitan police force was named Bobbie.
D) they are trained to bob their head whenever a member of the royal family came into view.

Question 30

The US Secret Service was initially tasked with investigating the counterfeiting of US currency and it continues to do so today.

Question 31

In early US policing, which area of the country encouraged vigilantes to address social problems like theft of livestock?

A) The rural south
B) Western territories
C) The east
D) Most areas employed this practice.

Question 32

Which of the following officers took part in the watch system of policing that thrived in thirteenth-century England?

A) Watchmen
B) Shire reeve
C) Justice of the peace
D) All of these

Question 33

Predictive policing aims to predict crimes and offenders but does analyze patterns or likelihood of victimization.

Question 34

The most prominent technology used in law enforcement is DNA profiling, used by every US state and nearly every industrialized country.

Question 35

Which federal agency has reformulated its priorities, making protection from terrorism its number-one commitment?

A) Secret Service
B) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
C) Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
D) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Question 36

What were the organized private police that patrolled eighteenth-century England called?

A) Constables
B) Shire reeves
C) Bobbies
D) Thief takers

Question 37

During the 1960s, courts expanded the civil rights of suspects, while police complained they had been handcuffed by the courts.

Question 38

In the pledge system, people were grouped into families of 10, called _________, and were entrusted with policing their own minor problems.

A) shire reeves
B) tithings
C) peacemakers
D) hundred

Question 39

In medieval England, the senior law enforcement figure in a county was the _________, who was appointed by the crown or a local landowner and is considered a forerunner of today's sheriff.

A) shire reeve
B) constable
C) peacemaker
D) watch commander

Question 40

The first technological breakthrough in police operations came in the area of:

A) transportation.
B) communication.
C) regulation.
D) administration.

Question 41

Nearly _____ percent of local police departments serve populations of fewer than 10,000 people.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 90

Question 42

Which of the following is false regarding the use of DNA?

A) DNA profiling allows suspects to be identified on the basis of genetic material.
B) DNA databases have more than three million samples of offenders.
C) The United States is the only country with a DNA database.
D) Some critics are concerned information gathering could violate citizens' civil liberties.

Question 43

Which of the following is not a factor that distinguishes private policing from public policing?

A) Private policing focuses its efforts on public and private property.
B) Private police are concerned almost solely with prevention.
C) Private policing is concerned more on loss prevention than on crime.
D) Private policing often employs private justice.

Question 44

Roughly how many metropolitan police agencies employ just one sworn officer?

A) 10
B) 100
C) 650
D) 8,000

Question 45

What is not considered a standard task of a typical sheriff's department?

A) Coroner
B) Tax collector
C) Antiterror activities
D) Provider of fire emergency services

Question 46

Which of the following is not one of the four methods of predictive policing?

A) Methods for predicting victims of crimes
B) Methods for predicting victims' identities
C) Methods for predicting offenders
D) Methods for predicting crimes

Question 47

What is an example of soft technology used in police departments?

A) Video in patrol cars
B) Offender IDs via biometrics
C) AMBER alerts
D) Mobile data centers

Question 48

What term is used to describe the use of computer software to identify geographic "hot spots" where a majority of predatory crimes are concentrated?

A) Crime mapping
B) Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)
C) Data mining
D) Systems analysis

Question 49

A DNA match indicates a ________ to 1 chance that the suspect is the offender.

A) 1 million
B) 5 million
C) 1 billion
D) 4 billion

Question 50

What percentage of police departments are using Twitter to stay connected with communities?

A) 34
B) 48
C) 69
D) 82

Question 51

Customs and Border Protection is primarily responsible for US borders and points of entry but also encompasses what other area instrumental in that protection?

A) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
B) Protection of national leaders when they leave US borders
C) Investigating illegal drug use
D) Untaxed liquor and cigarettes

Question 52

Which state had the earliest example of state police?

A) Massachusetts
B) Pennsylvania
C) Texas
D) Arizona

Question 53

DNA profiling gained national attention due to the ____ trial.

A) Martha Stewart
B) O. J. Simpson
C) Rodney King
D) Timothy Spence

Question 54

Which of the following is not one of the notable achievements made by police departments in the 1990s?

A) A new internal review of discipline was implemented.
B) The intellectual caliber of the police rose.
C) Police applied empirical data to their decision making.
D) Police became more diverse in race and gender.

Question 55

After September 11, 2001, Congress passed legislation authorizing the creation of which agency?

A) Customs and Border Protection
B) Drug Enforcement Administration
C) Department of Homeland Security
D) Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management

Question 56

Which of the following is a branch of the DHS?

A) Secret Service
B) FBI
C) USMS
D) ATF

Question 57

Which federal law enforcement agency has unlimited jurisdiction?

A) CIA
B) DEA
C) US Justice Department
D) No federal agency has unlimited jurisdiction.

Question 58

In its recommendations on Policy and Oversight, the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing recommended that policies on use of force, gender identification, and racial profiling should also include provisions for what?

A) Collection of demographic data
B) Implementing new technologies to improve policies
C) Civilian oversight of the policies
D) Extra training for each policy enacted

Question 59

What federal agency is responsible for witness security?

A) USMS
B) FBI
C) DHS
D) Secret Service

Question 60

The technology that allows police to look at a complete picture of a crime scene in a 360-degree circumference is known as:

A) Enclosed Space Detection System.
B) High-definition surveying.
C) Biometrics.
D) Predictive policing.

Question 61

The ____________________ was considered by many to be the most important law enforcement officer in colonial America.

Question 62

Turmoil and crisis were hallmarks of policing during the 1960s, marked by student demonstrations against _____.

Question 63

____________________ is credited with the passage of the Metropolitan Police Act that established the first organized police force in London.

Question 64

Bryan has been considering a career move to some form of surveillance or policing where he directly serves a client's interests. Where would Bryan most likely be successful?

A) Office of Homeland Security
B) Private policing
C) USMS
D) FBI

Question 65

The acquittal of the officers involved in the beating of ___________ set off six days of rioting in the LA area.

Question 66

The ____________________ is responsible for fugitive investigations.

Question 67

The Secret Service is a branch of the Department of ____________________.

Question 68

Mark is learning about the history of police. He wants to find out if police always protected the public, served the community, and attempted to catch criminals the way they do now. He dives into his history book and finds that the first organized police force was established in 1829. In his studies of policing in early and medieval England, Mark learns about what early practice?

A) Just and peaceful patrol
B) Public justice and town hangings
C) Tithings and the hue and cry
D) Peacekeeping and patrol

Question 69

Since the early 1920s and continuing to present day, efforts have been made to keep policing professional and educated, and some changes have focused on increasing the caliber of police officers. The public has always been critical of these changes because they often happen as a response to an incident rather than proactive change. Police-community relations and urban conflict had created concern about what the police role should be. Which event of the 1990s occurred helped spark reform in American policing?

A) Boston Police Strike
B) Rodney King beating
C) Watts Riot
D) Bow Street Run

Question 70

Mark is considering a career in law enforcement and would like to stay in his hometown providing basic law enforcement services. But he is also interested in the court system and public order. What level of policing is the best fit for Mark's aspirations?

A) State police
B) County police
C) Sheriff
D) Municipal police

Question 71

Since the early 1920s and continuing to present day, efforts have been made to keep policing professional and educated, and some changes have focused on increasing the caliber of police officers. The public has always been critical of these changes because they often happen as a response to an incident rather than proactive change. What era was deemed one of reform, where police should be evaluated on their courteousness and helpfulness, not for their crime-fighting abilities?

A) 1960s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s

Question 72

The municipal police department in a large city in Nebraska is hiring. They want new recruits who can assist them in technological advances, information sharing, and targeting the war on terror. Bryan has just been recruited. Bryan is using mostly recently developed technology, but when he looks back at the history of the police, he can see that computer systems first started being used by some police departments in the _____.

A) 1950s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s

Question 73

The ____________________ assists local and state authorities in investigating illegal drug use.

Question 74

The ____________________ was created to help the shire reeve in controlling the county and later took on judicial functions.

Question 75

The thirteenth century of policing can be described as an era where police were:

A) night watchmen who carried out investigations and executed warrants.
B) families charged with the task of protecting their neighbors and town.
C) mostly private-monied police whose use of violence was notorious.
D) corrupt and unsuccessful at stopping crime and influenced by the wealthy.

Question 76

Mark wants to work in the federal law enforcement field in a position that gives him versatility of duties. He should seek employment as an:

A) FBI agent
B) CIA analyst
C) DHS agent
D) USMS agent

Question 77

Since the early 1920s and continuing to present day, efforts have been made to keep policing professional and educated, and some changes have focused on increasing the caliber of police officers. The public has always been critical of these changes because they often happen as a response to an incident rather than proactive change. Sylvester joined the police force right out of high school in the 1970s and received his college degree and some advanced training from the police. This financial and education help was thanks to the ______.

A) IACP
B) LEAA
C) Master of Public Administration (MPA)
D) Bachelor of Scientific Research (BSR)

Question 78

The municipal police department in a large city in Nebraska is hiring. They want new recruits who can assist them in technological advances, information sharing, and targeting the war on terror. Bryan has just been recruited. Bryan has been asked to brief his superiors on law enforcement and technology. He is likely to discuss what concepts?

A) Crime mapping and the LEAA
B) IACP and biometrics
C) Texas Rangers and high-definition surveying
D) DNA profiling and hot spots

Question 79

As the eighteenth century began, rising crime rates encouraged a new form of private paid police called ____________________, who were able to profit both legally and criminally from the lack of formal police departments.

Question 80

The ___________ of 1919 heightened interest in police reform.