Deck 14: Criminal Justice in the New Millennium

Question 1

Bernie Madoff, the mastermind behind the largest criminal conspiracy in history, has been sentenced to death and is currently awaiting execution in a New York prison.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Many computer crimes are prosecuted under traditional criminal statutes such as larceny and fraud.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

It is estimated that more than half of all logging activities in the most vulnerable forest regions are conducted illegally.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Cyber terrorism may result in a battered economy, requiring the government to spend more on the military and cut back on social programs and education.

Question 5

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the major enforcement agency against environmental crimes.

Question 6

Cyber vandalism occurs when a perpetrator carefully skims small sums from the balances of a large number of accounts in order to bypass internal controls and escape detection

Question 7

Market manipulation is one of the three major types of Internet securities fraud that is common today.

Question 8

Civil libertarians are concerned that the USAPA permits investigations of a broad range of activities involving legitimate political dissent, not just terroristic activity.

Question 9

Law enforcement and the courts have traditionally been reluctant to throw corporate executives in jail.

Question 10

The conflict in the Ukraine between the Russian-backed separatists and government forces is an example of revolutionary terrorism.

Question 11

According to the United States Criminal Code, a first-time illegal copyright offender will be fined $250,000, and a second-time offender will be incarcerated for 15 years.

Question 12

Retributive terrorism promotes the interests of a minority ethnic or religious group that believes it has been persecuted under majority or colonial rule.

Question 13

Carding and spoofing are concepts associated with mortgage fraud.

Question 14

To be considered illegal dumping, the wastes being dumped have to contain hazardous materials.

Question 15

In the case of the massive BP oil spill, the government had to show that company officials knew in advance that their actions would lead to the explosion/oil spill and chose to ignore the danger to prove a felony.

Question 16

The simplest way to define terrorism is to equate it with political goals.

Question 17

Large-scale investment growth has led to significant increase in the amount of fraud and misconduct on Wall Street.

Question 18

A Trojan horse is a benign application that contains illicit codes that can damage system operations.

Question 19

The USAPA expands the use of racial and ethnic profiling in transportation hubs such as airports and train stations.

Question 20

Cyberstalking usually pertains to threatening or harassing e-mail messages, instant messages, or blog entries that involve less threat of violence than cyber harassment.

Question 21

Human trafficking is a global problem, with an estimated 12 million adults and children in forced labor, bonded labor, and commercial sexual servitude at any given time.

Question 22

Illegal fishing can cause which of the following consequences?

A) Reduces the number of fish in a population before they can replenish themselves
B) Avoids appropriate processing fees, so it costs the government money
C) Discharges toxic materials back into the waterways, harming local wildlife
D) Destroys the chances for other fisherman to share in the profits

Question 23

Worldwide estimates for illegal logging activities account for products worth at least ______ per year.

A) $1 billion
B) $5 billion
C) $10 billion
D) $15 billion

Question 24

Demand for drugs by wealthy urban residents of east Asia has fueled and revitalized organized crime in that part of the world.

Question 25

__________ terrorism uses violence as a method of influence, persuasion, or intimidation to get people to accept their social, religious, or political views.

A) Revolutionary
B) Political
C) National
D) Retributive

Question 26

Enforcement of environmental laws, such as the Clean Water Act of 1972, is done by:

A) local governmental environmental agencies.
B) the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
C) nonprofit environmental agencies.
D) the Public Works Administration (PWA).

Question 27

Efforts to control transnational organized crime are typically handled by local and state agencies working together.

Question 28

Asian transnational crime gangs have direct access to a vast majority of the world's heroin production.

Question 29

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) represent the goals of what kind of terrorism?

A) Nationalist terrorism
B) Revolutionary terrorism
C) Cult terrorism
D) Criminal terrorism

Question 30

__________ terrorism uses violence to frighten those in power and their supporters and seeks to replace the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views.

A) Revolutionary
B) Political
C) National
D) Retributive

Question 31

The process of creating a global economy through transnational markets and political and legal systems is referred to as transnationalism.

Question 32

_______are violations of existing criminal laws designed to protect people, the environment, or both.

A) Denial-of-service attacks
B) Habitat violations
C) Green crimes
D) Mortgage fraud schemes

Question 33

Globalization can be a device for criminal cartels to avoid prosecution and regulation and expand their markets and profits.

Question 34

Bernard Madoff, Enron, and Volkswagen all have committed this type of crime.

A) Globalization
B) Transnational
C) Green
D) Corporate enterprise

Question 35

The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act is designed to limit patterns of organized criminal activity by prohibiting involvement in acts intended to derive income from racketeering.

Question 36

The detection and enforcement of large-scale corporate crime is primarily in the hands of the:

A) US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
B) US Postal Service (USPS).
C) Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
D) US Secret Service (USSS).

Question 37

Shifting alliances, change of location, and willingness of transnational gangs to use violence make the fight against global crime difficult.

Question 38

A _______ is an investment fraud that involves the payment of purported returns to existing investors from funds contributed by new investors.

A) Ponzi scheme
B) RICO scheme
C) Phishing scheme
D) denial-of-service attack

Question 39

Cyberbullying removes the protection of physical distance victims can use when they are bullied in person.

Question 40

Russian crime groups make extensive use of the state governmental apparatus to protect and promote their illegal activities.

Question 41

Which of the following is not a type of Internet securities fraud?

A) Identity theft
B) Market manipulation
C) Fraudulent offerings of securities
D) Illegal touting

Question 42

One reason it has proven difficult for law enforcement to combat drug cartels is because:

A) they work in conjunction with transnational crime groups like the Russian mob.
B) the properties where drugs are grown are disguised as migrant farms.
C) destroying the drug trade undermines the economies of third-world nations.
D) the RICO Act has backfired on the US government.

Question 43

Which of the following is not a form of cybervandalism?

A) Denial-of-service attack
B) Phishing
C) Web defacement
D) Trojan horse

Question 44

____ is the term used to describe the illegal use of the Internet to buy or sell merchandise online.

A) Cybertheft
B) E-tailing fraud
C) Market manipulation
D) Denial-of-service attack

Question 45

Which working group addresses the transnational aspects of Eurasian organized crime that impacts members' countries and the international community in general?

A) Eurasian Organized Crime Working Group
B) Southeast European Cooperative Initiative
C) Central European Working Group
D) None of the above

Question 46

Transnational crime groups are often involved in:

A) human trafficking.
B) gambling.
C) prostitution.
D) all of these.

Question 47

Congress has struggled to create legislation that will restrict objectionable use of Internet pornography without violating _____ Amendment freedoms.

A) First
B) Fifth
C) Sixth
D) Eighth

Question 48

Federal legislation that enables prosecutors to bring additional criminal or civil charges against people engaged in two or more acts prohibited by 24 existing federal and 8 state laws is termed _________.

A) the enhancement penalty
B) RICO
C) the Travel Act
D) the Federation

Question 49

____is the illegal acquisition of personal information such as bank passwords and credit card numbers by masquerading as a trustworthy person/business in what appears to be an official electronic communication.

A) E-tailing fraud
B) Phishing
C) Cybertheft
D) Touting

Question 50

The United Nations estimates that immigrant smugglers earn about ____ per year smuggling an estimated 3 million people.

A) $7 million
B) $70 million
C) $7 billion
D) $70 billion

Question 51

Cybercrime is challenging because:

A) it is difficult to detect through traditional law enforcement channels.
B) it is rapidly evolving.
C) its control demands that agents of the justice system develop technical skills.
D) All of these make cybercrime challenging.

Question 52

Which of the following has been one of the most successful federal efforts to enforce cyber laws?

A) Digital Millennium Copyright Act
B) Counterfeit Access Device and Computer Fraud and Abuse Law
C) New York Electronic Crimes Task Force
D) The Interagency Telemarketing and Internet Fraud Working Group

Question 53

____ is the term used to describe efforts of organized groups to download and sell copyrighted software in violation of its license.

A) Warez
B) Denial-of-service attack
C) Market manipulation
D) Computer fraud

Question 54

Cyber ____ involves hacking secure computer networks at the enemy's most sensitive military bases, defense contractors, and aerospace companies to steal important data or to access their defenses.

A) terrorism
B) espionage
C) bullying
D) stalking

Question 55

A ____ is one type of malicious software program that disrupts or destroys existing programs and networks.

A) computer worm
B) computer virus
C) Trojan horse
D) cyberbully

Question 56

Crime groups from this country are believed to be the main perpetrators of credit card fraud in the United States.

A) Japan
B) Nigeria
C) Mexico
D) Russia

Question 57

Which type of cybervandalism appears as a benign application that actually contains codes that can damage the system operations?

A) Mydoom
B) Trojan horse
C) Malware
D) Chiseling

Question 58

The United States Criminal Code provides penalties for a first-time illegal copyright offender of ____ years incarceration and a fine of $250,000.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 10

Question 59

Cyber ____ would shut down a critical national infrastructure to intimidate a government or civilian population.

A) theft
B) vandalism
C) warfare
D) espionage

Question 60

Large populations of ethnic Nigerians in India, Pakistan, and Thailand have given Nigerian criminal enterprises direct access to ____ percent of the world's heroin.

A) 60
B) 70
C) 80
D) 90

Question 61

Examples of ______ include illegal dumping, polluting, illegal fishing, and illegal logging.

Question 62

Laura picked up her phone one evening to find that the Microsoft help desk was calling. Her computer had been running slowly for a while, but she hadn't yet contacted Microsoft to get help. She was pleased to hear that they had found malware on her computer and were calling to assist her in removing it. Laura had previously been a victim of a phishing scheme, so she knew not to give any personal information, but they didn't ask for her credit card information or social security number so she figured they were really going to help. The Microsoft Help desk has asked Laura to go to a website and verify her information so they can help fix her computer. She sees all of her information on the page even though she hasn't given them any information. What type of crime has Laura become a victim of?

A) E-tailing fraud
B) Trojan horse
C) Phishing
D) Warez

Question 63

Hamas is an example of _____ terrorism.

Question 64

Lone wolves fall into the category of ______ terrorists.

Question 65

Abraham is an American citizen born to Saudi Arabian parents. His father used to know people who had ties to Al Qaeda, but he doesn't speak with them anymore. Recently, Abraham's father seems to do a lot of business on the computer and telephone at night. One day as Abraham is driving to school, he notices two men in a nondescript car that seems to be following him. The next week, he notices some kind of tracking device hanging from the underside of the car bumper. If Abraham's father is back in touch with the people who have ties to Al Qaeda, and may even be working with them, with which goal of terrorism do they most likely align?

A) Retributive terrorism
B) Nationalist terrorism
C) State-sponsored terrorism
D) Revolutionary terrorism

Question 66

____________________ is cybercrime with malicious intent, to satisfy the desire for revenge, and to inflict wanton destruction.

Question 67

Abraham is an American citizen born to Saudi Arabian parents. His father used to know people who had ties to Al Qaeda, but he doesn't speak with them anymore. Before Abraham was born his father came to the United States for a job with Microsoft. His father remembers when he was a youth the death squads and the terror that was felt by all where he grew up. What type of terrorism did Abraham's father likely experience?

A) State-sponsored terrorism
B) Evolutionary terrorism
C) Nationalist terrorism
D) Political terrorism

Question 68

Abraham is an American citizen born to Saudi Arabian parents. His father used to know people who had ties to Al Qaeda, but he doesn't speak with them anymore. Recently, Abraham's father seems to do a lot of business on the computer and telephone at night. One day as Abraham is driving to school, he notices two men in a nondescript car that seems to be following him. The next week, he notices some kind of tracking device hanging from the underside of the car bumper. Abraham knows the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is tailing him, but he doesn't know why and believes it is illegal. What recourse does he have as an American citizen?

A) He can file a petition that his Fourth Amendment rights have been violated.
B) None. Conducting surveillance of "lone wolves" is legal under the USAPA.
C) Confront the FBI. USAPA is only allowed to monitor computers and phones.
D) File a complaint with the police and get a restraining order.

Question 69

____________________ occurs when individuals make securities recommendations and fail to disclose that they are being paid to disseminate their favorable opinions.

Question 70

In 2006, QXQ opened their doors to finance home mortgages. One of the easiest loans for potential homeowners to obtain was called a stated income loan. These loans were money in the bank to QXQ because people just had to fill in the forms with their current salary, there was little documentation required, and everybody won. The buyers got their house and QXQ got paid. Steve and Jennie got a stated income loan in 2008 from QXQ. As it turns out, they lied on their application and said they made more money than they actually do. Just a couple of months later they couldn't make their payments and defaulted on their mortgage. Who or what is at fault?

A) Steve and Jennie
B) Securitization
C) Management fraud
D) QXQ, the mortgage company

Question 71

______________ is a type of cybervandalism that occurs when a computer hacker intrudes on another person's website by inserting or substituting codes that expose visitors to the site to misleading or provocative information.

Question 72

____________________ is illegal behavior that targets the security of computer systems and/or the data accessed and processed by computer networks.

Question 73

The USAPA was passed in ____ to give sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence to fight terrorism.

Question 74

_______________ is slang for the processes used to acquire personal information used for identity theft and other fraudulent activities.

Question 75

In 2006, QXQ opened their doors to finance home mortgages. One of the easiest loans for potential homeowners to obtain was called a stated income loan. These loans were money in the bank to QXQ because people just had to fill in the forms with their current salary, there was little documentation required, and everybody won. The buyers got their house and QXQ got paid. Andrew works for QXQ as an investor. He only takes clients who have at least $500,000 to invest. He has been touting this new hedge fund that he himself has invested in. It is promising 20 percent returns every year. He just signed up the Jones family. If this scenario turns out to be a Ponzi scheme, what will likely happen to the Jones's money?

A) It will be invested.
B) It will be used to pay previous investors.
C) It will be used for securitization.
D) It has just provided QXQ a big kickback.

Question 76

The ____________________ is a computer program that appears benign but actually contains something harmful.

Question 77

Individuals committing identity fraud while engaged in crimes involving terrorism will receive a mandatory sentence enhancement of ________ years.

Question 78

About a month ago, Laura ordered an autographed Star Wars poster from a memorabilia website, but she hasn't received it yet despite checking with the company and inquiring with United Parcel Service (UPS). The company says they shipped the poster. What type of crime might Laura be a victim of?

A) Phishing
B) E-tailing fraud
C) E-piracy
D) Cyber war

Question 79

Laura just got a new laptop but was unaware that it didn't come loaded with Microsoft Office. Her boyfriend gives her access to his employee homepage and suggests that she use one of the licenses from his office because sometimes he does work at home. What crime has Laura committed?

A) Identity theft
B) Software piracy
C) Copyright infringement
D) Internet fraud

Question 80

Global criminal conspiracies designed to obtain power and influence or monetary gains that cross nation states and legal jurisdictions are termed ____________.