Deck 33: The Plant Body

Question 1

Archaeologists have found that people were growing wheat in what today is Turkey ____ years ago. ​

A)100
B)1,200
C)12,000
D)120,000
E)1,200,000

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A plant stem is considered to be a(n)____. ​

A)shoot system
B)tissue
C)root system
D)meristem
E)organ

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Vascular plant bodies typically consist of a(n)____ shoot system and a ____ root system. ​

A)photosynthetic; photosynthetic
B)nonphotosynthetic; photosynthetic
C)photosynthetic; nonphotosynthetic
D)nonphotosynthetic; nonphotosynthetic
E)heterotrophic; phototrophic

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The ____ is self-perpetuating embryonic tissue typically found at the tips of shoots and roots. ​

A)ground tissue
B)protoderm
C)vascular tissue
D)meristem
E)dermal tissue

Question 5

The ____ of the plant refers to its external form. ​

A)morphology
B)ecology
C)anatomy
D)distribution
E)physiology

Question 6

Most plants have parts that can continue growing throughout its life. This is referred to as ____ growth. ​

A)determinate
B)meristematic
C)indeterminate
D)shoot
E)immortal

Question 7

Which term refers to plants that typically grow for many years? ​

A)perennials
B)annuals
C)monocots
D)biennials
E)eudicots

Question 8

The ____ tissue system forms a protective covering on the plant. ​

A)dermal
B)ground
C)meristem
D)organ
E)vascular

Question 9

Which term refers to plants that complete their life cycle in one growing season? ​

A)perennials
B)annuals
C)monocots
D)biennials
E)eudicots

Question 10

Growth from apical meristems, generally resulting in an increase in the length of a plant, is referred to as ____ growth. ​

A)horizontal
B)typical
C)secondary
D)longitudinal
E)primary

Question 11

Among other functions, the ____ of a vascular plant performs most of the photosynthesis conducted by the plant. ​

A)ground tissue
B)protoderm
C)vascular tissue
D)meristem
E)dermal tissue

Question 12

Which term refers to plants that complete their life cycle in two growing seasons?

A)perennials
B)annuals
C)monocots
D)biennials
E)eudicots

Question 13

Plant cells called ____ make up the bulk of the soft primary growth of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. ​

A)sclerenchyma
B)tracheids
C)collenchyma
D)parenchyma
E)vessel members

Question 14

Plant cells called ____ form flexible support strands such as the "strings" in celery. ​

A)sclerenchyma
B)tracheids
C)collenchyma
D)parenchyma
E)vessel members

Question 15

The ____ of the plant refers to the mechanisms by which the plant body functions in its environment. ​

A)morphology
B)ecology
C)anatomy
D)distribution
E)physiology

Question 16

The ____ tissue system is made up of interconnecting cells that form transport channels throughout the plant. ​

A)ground
B)organ
C)vascular
D)dermal
E)xylem

Question 17

The ____ of the plant refers to the structure and arrangement of its internal parts.

A)morphology
B)ecology
C)anatomy
D)distribution
E)physiology

Question 18

Similar to animal cells, cells in some plant organs, such as leaves, flowers, and fruits, undergo ____ growth.

A)determinate
B)indeterminate
C)lateral
D)apical
E)plastic

Question 19

When ____ cells mature, they develop thick secondary walls strengthened by lignin and cellulose and die, leaving empty cells that serve as pipelines for water and mineral transport. ​

A)sclerenchyma
B)tracheids
C)collenchyma
D)parenchyma
E)vessel members

Question 20

Which statement is true regarding typical plant development? ​

A)Growing tips and zones are present throughout a plant's life, and final plant form is not influenced by the environment.
B)Plant bodies have a fixed final size, and final plant form is influenced by the environment.
C)Final plant form is not influenced by the environment, and growing tips and zones are present throughout a plant's life.
D)Growing tips and zones are present throughout a plant's life, and plant bodies do not have a fixed final size.
E)Plant bodies do not have a fixed final size, and final plant form is not influenced by the environment.

Question 21

In flowering plants, companion cells are connected via plasmodesmata to ____.

A)trichomes
B)tracheids
C)sieve tube elements
D)guard cells
E)vessel members

Question 22

Xylem and phloem are types of ____. ​

A)ground tissue
B)protoderm
C)vascular tissue
D)meristem
E)dermal tissue

Question 23

Specialized outgrowths of the plant epidermis called ____ are hairlike projections, such as root hairs. ​

A)cuticles
B)protoplasts
C)stomata
D)trichomes
E)bark

Question 24

Sieve tube elements are components of the ____. ​

A)ground tissue
B)phloem
C)dermal tissue
D)meristem
E)xylem

Question 25

A(n)____ is a single main root that is adapted for storage and typically grows downward and fairly deep.
A(n)____ is a single main root that is adapted for storage and typically grows downward and fairly deep
A(n)____ is a single main root that is adapted for storage and typically grows downward and fairly deep.

A)adventitious root
B)fibrous root
C)rhizome
D)taproot
E)tuber

Question 26

In vascular plants, water and dissolved minerals are transported from roots to the stems and leaves by ____.

A)sclerenchyma
B)phloem
C)collenchyma
D)parenchyma
E)xylem

Question 27

Root systems that are adapted to absorb water and nutrients from the upper layers of soil are called a(n)____. ​

A)adventitious root systems
B)prop root systems
C)fibrous root systems
D)taproot systems
E)storage root systems

Question 28

Plant tissue specialized for conducting fluids is known as ____. ​

A)ground tissue
B)protoderm
C)vascular tissue
D)meristem
E)dermal tissue

Question 29

Plants with ____ life cycles typically ____. ​

A)annual; lack secondary growth
B)biennial; die after one growing season
C)perennial; lack secondary growth
D)perennial; lack primary growth
E)annual; do not reproduce

Question 30

In response to increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere over the past 200 years, stomata in leaves of some species have ____. ​

A)become smaller
B)declined in number
C)increased in number
D)disappeared
E)become larger

Question 31

Epidermal cells secrete a coating called the ____ that protects the plant from water loss and attacks by microbes. ​

A)cuticle
B)protoplast
C)stoma
D)trichome
E)bark

Question 32

In vascular plants, sugars are transported throughout the plant by ____.

A)sclerenchyma
B)phloem
C)collenchyma
D)parenchyma
E)xylem

Question 33

Cuticle, guard cells, stomata, and trichomes are all terms associated with ____.

A)ground tissue
B)vascular tissue
C)meristem
D)dermal tissue
E)secondary tissue

Question 34

In A. thaliana , genes encoding proteins involved in secondary cell wall development are regulated by an average of five different ____. ​

A)tissues
B)lignins
C)transcription factors
D)ribosomes
E)genes

Question 35

Lateral roots arise from the ____. ​

A)endodermis
B)root cap
C)quiescent center
D)pericycle
E)root hairs

Question 36

Vascular tissue cells with long, tapered, overlapping ends are known as ____.

A)sclerenchyma
B)tracheids
C)collenchyma
D)parenchyma
E)vessel elements

Question 37

The root apical meristem is surrounded and protected by a structure called the ____. ​

A)endodermis
B)root cap
C)quiescent center
D)pericycle
E)root hairs

Question 38

Plant surfaces are covered and protected by ____.

A)ground tissue
B)protoderm
C)vascular tissue
D)meristem
E)dermal tissue

Question 39

The innermost layer of the root cortex, known as the ____, is a selectively permeable barrier that helps control the movement of water and dissolved minerals. ​

A)endodermis
B)root cap
C)quiescent center
D)pericycle
E)root hairs

Question 40

Vascular tissue cells that join end to end in tubelike columns are known as ____.  ​

A)sclerenchyma
B)tracheids
C)collenchyma
D)parenchyma
E)vessel elements

Question 41

Which plant function is NOT typically a main task performed by stems?

A)mechanical support
B)the storage of water, nutrients and sugars
C)energy capture
D)routes for vascular tissues
E)new growth

Question 42

The place on a stem where one or more leaves are attached is called the ____.

A)terminal bud
B)internode
C)axil
D)lateral bud
E)node

Question 43

The upper angle between a stem and attached leaf is called a(n)____.

A)terminal bud
B)internode
C)axil
D)lateral bud
E)node

Question 44

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. In the diagram of a root tip, the structure labeled "2" is the ____. ​

A)quiescent center
B)zone of cell division
C)zone of elongation
D)root cap
E)zone of maturation

Question 45

When an apical meristem cell divides, one daughter cell is called the initial and the other is called the derivative. What are the fates of these cells?

A)The initial is used to form primary meristems, and the derivative remains part of the apical meristem.
B)Both the initial and the derivative remain part of the apical meristem.
C)The initial remains part of the apical meristem, and the derivative is used to form primary meristems.
D)Both the initial and the derivative are used to form primary meristems.
E)The initial is used to form primary meristems, and the derivative is used to form secondary meristems.

Question 46

Often connected to a petiole, ____ may be either simple or compound and are typically the main organs of photosynthesis and gas exchange.

A)roots
B)leaves
C)flowers
D)stems
E)trichomes

Question 47

Rhizomes, tubers, corms, and stolons are examples of modified ____. ​

A)leaves
B)bulbs
C)roots
D)flowers
E)stems

Question 48

Multistranded cords of primary xylem and phloem are ____. ​

A)vascular bundles
B)found only in monocots
C)found only in dicots
D)formed by stele
E)formed  by pith

Question 49

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. In the diagram of a root tip, the structure labeled "5" is the ____.

A)quiescent center
B)zone of cell division
C)zone of elongation
D)root cap
E)zone of maturation

Question 50

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. In the internal leaf structure, the structure labeled "2" is ____.

A)a vascular bundle
B)spongy mesophyll
C)epidermis
D)a stoma
E)palisade mesophyll

Question 51

 
Figure 33.2
Answer the question using the accompanying figure. In the internal leaf structure, the structure labeled "1" is ____.

A)a vascular bundle
B)spongy mesophyll
C)epidermis
D)a stoma
E)palisade mesophyll

Question 52

Which organism controls its salt concentration by releasing salt from a structure on the leaf epidermis?

A)Dionaea muscipula
B)Atriplex spongiosa
C)Lathyrusodoratus
D)Phaseolus
E)Quercus suber

Question 53

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. In the diagram of a root tip, the structure labeled "4" is the ____.

A)quiescent center
B)zone of cell division
C)zone of elongation
D)root cap
E)zone of maturation

Question 54

Which tissue gives rise to primary vascular tissues?

A)protoderm
B)apical meristem
C)ground meristem
D)vascular cambium
E)procambium

Question 55

 
Figure 33.1
Answer the question using the accompanying figure. In the diagram of a root tip, the structure labeled "1" is the ____.

A)quiescent center
B)zone of cell division
C)zone of elongation
D)root cap
E)zone of maturation

Question 56

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. In the diagram of a root tip, the structure labeled "3" is the ____.

A)quiescent center
B)zone of cell division
C)zone of elongation
D)root cap
E)zone of maturation

Question 57

Which list represents the correct order of structures from outside to inside in the stem of a vascular plant? ​

A)stele, cortex, epidermis, pith
B)epidermis, pith, cortex, stele
C)cortex, stele, pith, epidermis
D)epidermis, cortex, stele, pith
E)stele, epidermis, pith, cortex

Question 58

Apical dominance is maintained by ____.

A)hormones released by the terminal bud
B)sugars produced in the leaves
C)water transported from the roots
D)hormones released by the lateral buds
E)sugars produced in the lateral buds

Question 59

The site of new primary growth at the apex of a shoot is the ____. ​

A)terminal bud
B)internode
C)axil
D)lateral bud
E)node

Question 60

The uptake of water and mineral ions from the soil occurs primarily at the ____. ​

A)endodermis
B)root cap
C)quiescent center
D)pericycle
E)root hairs

Question 62

Primary and secondary xylem that can no longer transport water and solutes, but can store defensive compounds, is called ____.

A)bark
B)heartwood
C)vascular cambium
D)sapwood
E)secondary epidermis

Question 64

The KN-1 gene in maize is normally expressed in ____. ​

A)in primary meristems, where it initiates the process of differentiation
B)in apical meristems, where it maintains the undifferentiated state
C)in apical meristems, where it initiates the process of differentiation
D)in primary meristems, where it maintains the undifferentiated state
E)in lateral meristems, where it initiates the process of secondary growth

Question 65

Older roots become thick and woody through the buildup of ____. ​

A)periderm
B)meristem
C)cork cambium
D)vascular cambium
E)pericycle

Question 66

The _____ within each meristem is the source for new cells that are not yet committed to a specific organ or tissue fate.

A)new cell region
B)blank cell region
C)cell generator
D)cell tank
E)stem cell reservoir

Question 67

A unique characteristic of plant cells is their ability to ____. ​

A)photosynthesize
B)carry out cellular respiration
C)continuously grow and generate new organs throughout their life cycle
D)form defensive compounds
E)protect themselves through movement

Question 69

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. In the internal leaf structure, the item labeled "5" is ____. ​

A)a vascular bundle
B)spongy mesophyll
C)epidermis
D)a stoma
E)palisade mesophyll

Question 70

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. In the internal leaf structure, the structure labeled "3" is ____. ​

A)a vascular bundle
B)spongy mesophyll
C)epidermis
D)a stoma
E)palisade mesophyll

Question 71

Starting from the outside and moving in toward the center, which list gives the correct order of tissues in the stem of a young tree?

A)secondary phloem, primary phloem, primary xylem, secondary xylem
B)primary xylem, secondary xylem, secondary phloem, primary phloem
C)primary phloem, secondary xylem, secondary phloem, primary xylem
D)secondary phloem, primary xylem, secondary xylem, primary phloem
E)primary phloem, secondary phloem, secondary xylem, primary xylem

Question 73

Girdling is the process by which bark is removed from the entire circumference of a tree or branch. This is lethal to a tree because it prevents ____.

A)water uptake
B)photosynthesis
C)respiration
D)sugar transport to roots
E)water transport to leaves

Question 75

Answer the question using the accompanying figure. In the internal leaf structure, the structure labeled "4" is ____. ​

A)a vascular bundle
B)spongy mesophyll
C)epidermis
D)a stoma
E)palisade mesophyll

Question 76

Which tissue gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem? ​

A)protoderm
B)apical meristem
C)ground meristem
D)vascular cambium
E)procambium

Question 77

Wood is composed of ____.

A)primary xylem
B)secondary xylem
C)primary phloem
D)secondary phloem
E)both xylem and phloem

Question 78

Cork cambium produces ____.

A)vascular tissue
B)heartwood
C)vascular cambium
D)sapwood
E)secondary epidermis