Deck 44: The Circulatory System

Question 1

Hematocrit makes up approximately ____ percent of the total blood volume. ​

A)10
B)25
C)45
D)50
E)70

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Augustus Waller invented a machine that measures ____. ​

A)blood pressure when the ventricles are contracting
B)blood pressure when the ventricles are relaxed
C)cardiac output
D)electrical activity of the brain
E)electrical activity of the heart ​

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The ____ are the most numerous type of leukocyte in a healthy individual. ​

A)basophils ​
B)eosinophils
C)lymphocytes
D)monocytes
E)neutrophils

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which animal has a gastrovascular cavity? ​

A)earthworm
B)fish
C)hydra
D)insect
E)sponge ​

Question 5

Approximately ____ percent of plasma is water. ​

A)10 ​
B)27
C)55
D)77
E)92

Question 6

Plasma makes up approximately ____ percent of the total blood volume. ​

A)10
B)25
C)50
D)75
E)90

Question 7

The purpose(s)of two circuits in a closed circulatory system is to ____. ​

A)collect and distribute blood within the heart
B)take blood to and from all parts of the body
C)take blood to and from the lungs
D)keep oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate
E)allow oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix

Question 8

The ____ components of blood are involved in the formation of clots. ​

A)albumin and fibrinogen ​
B)albumin and leukocytes
C)fibrinogen and erythrocytes
D)fibrinogen and platelets
E)platelets and albumin

Question 9

Of the cellular blood components, ____ are the smallest in size. ​

A)erythrocytes ​
B)leukocytes
C)platelets
D)albumins
E)lymphocytes

Question 10

In Waller's experiment, he placed each of his feet into a pan containing ____. ​

A)carbon dioxide
B)iron
C)mercury
D)pure water
E)salt solution ​

Question 11

Erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to increase erythrocyte production, is produced in the ____. ​

A)bone marrow ​
B)heart
C)kidneys
D)liver
E)lymph nodes

Question 12

In humans, blood cells are produced in the ____. ​

A)bone marrow
B)heart
C)kidneys
D)liver
E)lymph nodes

Question 13

Amphibians can accomplish gas exchange using ____. ​

A)gills only
B)lungs only
C)respiration through the skin only
D)both gills and lungs
E)gills, lungs, and respiration through the skin

Question 14

An animal's circulatory system contains ____. ​

A)solid medium to transport nitrogen
B)blood vessels for transporting solid food
C)blood vessels leading to the heart
D)a mouth opening to the outside
E)nitrogen to transport wastes ​

Question 15

The main function of erythrocytes is to ____. ​

A)carry oxygen ​
B)form clots
C)fight off infections
D)produce blood cells
E)secrete erythropoietin

Question 16

The two most abundant ions in plasma are ____. ​

A)HCO₃ ^- and Ca²⁺
B)HCO₃ ^- and Cl ^- ​
C)Na⁺ and Ca²⁺
D)Na⁺ and Cl ^-
E)Na⁺ and K⁺

Question 17

The gastrovascular cavity of a sponge serves important functions in both the circulatory and ____ systems. ​

A)digestive
B)endocrine
C)muscular
D)reproductive
E)urinary ​

Question 18

The ____ component of plasma constitutes antibodies. ​

A)albumin ​
B)dissolved gas
C)fibrinogen
D)hormone
E)immunoglobulin

Question 19

The ____ is an accessory system of vessels and organs that helps balance the fluid content of the blood and surrounding tissues. ​

A)circulatory system
B)non-circulatory system
C)accessory vessel system
D)lymphatic system
E)heart ​

Question 20

An open circulatory system ____. ​

A)contains blood in blood vessels
B)is composed of two circulatory systems
C)mixes hemolymph and interstitial fluids together
D)is more efficient than a closed system
E)opens directly to the outside

Question 21

What causes deep venous thrombosis? ​

A)anemia ​
B)decreased skeletal muscle action
C)high blood pressure
D)increased skeletal muscle action
E)low blood pressure

Question 22

The "lub" heart sound represents ____. ​

A)a heart murmur ​
B)closure of the atrioventricular valves
C)closure of the semilunar valves
D)hypertension
E)movement of actual heart muscle

Question 23

Actual gas exchange occurs through the walls of the ____. ​

A)arteries ​
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)veins
E)venules

Question 24

Select the proper order of the propagation of an electrical (depolarization)signal in the heart. ​

A)AV node → Purkinje fibers → SA node ​
B)AV node → SA node → Purkinje fibers
C)Purkinje fibers → AV node → SA node
D)Purkinje fibers → SA node → AV node
E)​SA node → AV node → Purkinje fibers

Question 25

Atherosclerosis ____. ​

A)decreases arterial lumen size ​
B)affects the diameter of veins
C)has no effect on arterial lumen size
D)increases arterial lumen size
E)presents many clinical symptoms immediately

Question 26

The baroreceptors are located in the ____. ​

A)adrenal glands
B)brainstem
C)heart
D)erythrocytes
E)walls of blood vessels

Question 27

Arrange the structures that control cardiac output in the correct order. ​

A)baroreceptors → brain stem → autonomic nervous system → heart
B)baroreceptors → heart → brain stem → autonomic nervous system
C)brain stem → baroreceptors → autonomic nervous system → heart
D)autonomic nervous system → brain stem → heart → baroreceptors
E)heart → baroreceptors → autonomic nervous system → brain stem

Question 28

While running, ____. ​

A)only diastolic blood pressure increases ​
B)only systolic blood pressure increases
C)both diastolic and systolic blood pressures increase
D)both diastolic and systolic blood pressures decrease
E)there would be no change in either diastolic or systolic blood pressure

Question 29

When blood returns from the pulmonary circuit, it first enters the ____ chamber of the heart. ​

A)left atrium ​
B)left ventricle
C)right atrium
D)right ventricle
E)both the left atrium and the right atrium

Question 30

Atherosclerosis is ____. ​

A)a clot in an artery
B)buildup of plaque in an artery
C)buildup of plaque in a vein
D)high blood pressure
E)low blood pressure

Question 31

The main force that moves blood throughout the system of blood vessels is ____. ​

A)arterial blood pressure ​
B)skeletal muscle action
C)smooth muscle action
D)valve action
E)venous blood pressure

Question 32

The ____ are considered to be blood reservoirs. ​

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)heart
E)veins

Question 33

The atrioventricular valve(s)is/are located ____. ​

A)between the left atrium and the left ventricle only ​
B)between the right atrium and the right ventricle only
C)where blood enters the aorta
D)where blood enters the pulmonary arteries
E)between the left atrium and the left ventricle, and between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Question 34

Hypertension is a complication associated with ____. ​

A)too little exercise ​
B)disorders involving the adrenal medulla
C)relaxing of blood vessel walls
D)stiffening of blood vessel walls
E)too much exercise

Question 35

Blood pressure is greatest in the ____. ​

A)arterioles
B)arteries
C)capillaries
D)veins ​
E)venules

Question 36

When the body experiences stress, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system stimulates the adrenal medulla to release ____. ​

A)epinephrine only ​
B)norepinephrine only
C)knockout hormones only
D)epinephrine and norepinephrine
E)epinephrine, norepinephrine, and knockout hormones

Question 37

In the average human, the heart beats ____ times per minute. ​

A)10 ​
B)53
C)72
D)95
E)120

Question 38

The sinoatrial node is located in the ____. ​

A)left atrium
B)left ventricle
C)pulmonary artery
D)right atrium
E)right ventricle

Question 39

The first evidence that the vasodilatory signal molecule was produced by ____ was reported in 1980. ​

A)nitric oxide
B)endothelial cells
C)CO₂
D)cardiac muscle cells
E)platelets

Question 40

The function of heart valves is to ____. ​

A)form blood cells
B)participate in immunity
C)prevent backflow of blood
D)prevent clot formation
E)push blood into the aorta

Question 41

Which type of blood cell is produced from lymphoid stem cells? ​

A)basophils
B)B lymphocytes
C)eosinophils
D)erythrocytes
E)neutrophils

Question 42

Coronary circulation involves ____. ​

A)only the aorta
B)only the coronary arteries
C)only capillaries
D)the aorta and coronary arteries
E)the aorta, coronary arteries, and capillaries

Question 43

In the mammalian heart, the systemic and pulmonary circuits ____. ​

A)carry only oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, respectively
B)carry only deoxygenated and oxygenated blood, respectively
C)mix during times of stress
D)intermix freely
E)are completely separate

Question 44

The evolution of the blood clotting mechanism is likely explained by ____. ​

A)constant mutations ​
B)direct response to environmental factors
C)gene duplication
D)sharing of gene pools between species
E)inbreeding

Question 45

The ____ is a large branched artery that leads to all body regions except the lungs. ​

A)pulmonary artery
B)coronary artery
C)aorta
D)superior vena cava
E)inferior vena cava

Question 46

Blood pressure reduces as it moves away from the heart due mainly due to ____. ​

A)loss of volume
B)friction
C)inertia
D)gravity
E)distance traveled

Question 47

The systemic circuit is complete when ____. ​

A)oxygen-depleted blood collects in veins ​
B)oxygen-rich blood collects in veins
C)blood enters the pulmonary veins
D)blood enters the aorta
E)blood enters the right atrium

Question 48

Which structures contain valves? ​

A)arteries and veins
B)arteries and heart
C)arteries, capillaries, and heart
D)lymph capillaries, arteries, and heart
E)lymph capillaries, veins, and heart

Question 49

Which substance or cell is too large to pass through capillary walls? ​

A)erythrocytes
B)glucose
C)ions
D)water
E)carbon dioxide

Question 50

The lymphatic system returns ____ liters of fluid to the bloodstream each day. ​

A)1 to 2
B)3 to 4
C)6 to 7
D)10 to 13
E)more than 50

Question 51

In an average person, ____ erythrocytes are produced each second. ​

A)200 to 300 ​
B)2,000 to 3,000
C)2 to 3 million
D)4.8 to 5.4 million
E)2 to 3 billion

Question 52

The inferior vena cava moves blood from the ____. ​

A)head only ​
B)forelimbs only
C)head and forelimbs
D)abdominal organs only
E)abdominal organs and hind limbs

Question 53

Signals from the atrioventricular (AV)node are carried to the bottom of the heart by ____. ​

A)the sinoatrial (SV)node ​
B)Purkinje fibers
C)pacemaker cells
D)neurogenic cells
E)the polarization node

Question 54

A lymph capillary is composed of ____. ​

A)a single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by collagen fibers ​
B)a single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by elastic fibers
C)collagen fibers only
D)elastic fibers only
E)a single layer of endothelial cells only

Question 55

The ____ carries oxygenated blood. ​

A)inferior vena cava
B)pulmonary artery
C)pulmonary vein
D)superior vena cava ​
E)lymphatic vessel

Question 56

Which two animals have no distinct circulatory system? ​

A)grasshopper and fish
B)grasshopper and hydra
C)hydra and fish
D)sponge and fish
E)sponge and hydra

Question 57

In healthy adult humans, normal systolic pressure is ____ mm Hg and normal diastolic pressure is ____ mm Hg. ​

A)20 to 50; 5 to 20 ​
B)60 to 80; 90 to 120
C)90 to 120; 60 to 80
D)90 to 120; 130 to 150
E)130 to 150; 90 to 120

Question 58

In a resting human, a ventricle pump moves roughly ____ liter(s)of blood per minute. ​

A)1 ​
B)2
C)5
D)10
E)50

Question 59

Lymph moves throughout the lymph vessels due to ____. ​

A)contraction of the heart ​
B)conscious actions
C)constriction of blood vessels
D)dilation of blood vessels
E)skeletal muscle and breathing movements

Question 60

The ____ are the smallest vessels that carry blood in the body. ​

A)arterioles ​
B)arteries
C)capillaries
D)veins
E)venules

Question 62

Nitric oxide (NO)serves as a local signal for vasodilation because it ____. ​

A)is broken down quickly ​
B)dissipates quickly
C)recycles rapidly in cells
D)counteracts the action of oxygen
E)blocks adrenergic receptors

Question 63

Chronic hypertension is dangerous to a person's health because ____. ​

A)the pressure buildup can cause veins to rupture ​
B)it can lead to damage to the endothelial cells lining the arteries and veins
C)it makes the heart work too hard
D)it tears capillaries
E)the pressure diverts blood from the brain

Question 65

Heart rate ____ in response to ____ arterial pressure. ​

A)skips; fluctuations in ​
B)decreases; any change in
C)decreases; low
D)increases; high
E)increases; low

Question 67

Lymph nodes normally contain ____, which function to engulf invading organisms. ​

A)erythrocytes
B)macrophages ​
C)platelets
D)neutrophils
E)basophils

Question 68

The ____ regulate(s)blood pressure through the release of hormones. ​

A)adrenal glands only ​
B)anterior pituitary only
C)posterior pituitary only
D)adrenal glands and posterior pituitary
E)adrenal glands and anterior pituitary

Question 69

The main danger from deep vein thrombosis is ____. ​

A)a clot breaking loose and moving elsewhere in the body ​
B)unsightly veins
C)loss of blood flow in the extremities
D)blood pooling below the heart
E)a clot dispersing without warning

Question 70

The veins and venules may contain up to ____% of the total blood volume. ​

A)30 ​
B)40
C)50
D)80
E)90

Question 75

Epinephrine raises blood pressure by ____. ​

A)increasing the strength and rate of the heartbeat
B)decreasing the strength and rate of the heartbeat
C)stimulating vasodilation
D)reducing vasodilation
E)decreasing blood flow to the heart, skeletal muscles, and lungs

Question 77

Atherosclerosis has its most serious effects in the ____. ​

A)extremities
B)coronary arteries
C)pulmonary arteries
D)brain
E)heart muscle cells

Question 78

Bulk flow in capillaries is driven by ____. ​

A)gravity ​
B)concentration gradients
C)actual blood pressure
D)pumping of the heart
E)reciprocal exchange with oxygen