Deck 11: Biotechnology

Question

What is a SNP?

A) a computer chip that recognizes differences in DNA sequences
B) a variation in a single nucleotide of a DNA sequence
C) a tool used in DNA research to cut segments of DNA
D) a drug developed from DNA technology
E) a highly conserved sequence of DNA

Use Space or

to flip the card.

Question

The complete genetic information of a person is isolated from some of her cells, cut with restriction enzymes, and the resulting fragments inserted into cloning vectors. Next, the recombinant DNA molecules are introduced into bacteria for cloning purposes. This describes the procedure for creating a ____.

A) genetic library
B) mRNA library
C) gene library
D) DNA library
E) nucleotide library

Question

In bacteria, restriction enzymes function to ____.

A) identify sequences of interest in a DNA library
B) produce human proteins
C) provide antibiotic resistance
D) chop up invading viral DNA
E) make the cells vulnerable to viruses

Question

Which of the following most accurately describes the process of DNA cloning?

A) set of laboratory procedures that consist of cutting a segment of DNA with restriction enzymes
B) set of laboratory procedures that consist of isolating of a DNA fragment from a living organism and inserting it into a plasmid
C) set of laboratory procedures that uses living cells to mass-produce specific DNA fragments
D) set of laboratory procedures by which a DNA fragment is transferred from a living organism to a SNP chip
E) the manipulation of DNA fragments in a laboratory using modern techniques of molecular biology

Question

When a bacterium reproduces, its offspring inherit a full complement of genetic information, which includes ____.

A) one chromosome plus plasmids
B) a genetically complete plasmid
C) at least two chromosomes
D) two chromosomes plus plasmids
E) a single strand of circular DNA

Question

Which of the following molecules are often used as a cloning vector?

A) plasmids
B) restriction enzymes
C) recombinant DNA
D) DNA fragments
E) SNPs

Question

In a PCR reaction, a few seconds at high temperature disrupts the ____ that hold the two strands of DNA together, so every molecule of DNA unwinds and becomes single-stranded.

A) covalent bonds
B) peptide bonds
C) hydrogen bonds
D) lipoproteins
E) DNA ligases

Question

What do biologists use in order to identify clones that contain the DNA fragment of interest?

A) probes
B) plasmids
C) templates
D) primers
E) ligases

Question

Which of the following molecules are able to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences?

A) assembly enzymes
B) hydrolytic enzymes
C) restriction enzymes
D) ligase enzymes
E) repair enzymes

Question

The APOE gene encodes ____.

A) lipoproteins
B) surface antigens
C) myofilaments
D) hydrolytic enzymes
E) receptor proteins

Question

An example of a restriction enzyme is ____.

A) DNA polymerase
B) DNA ligase
C) Eco RI
D) E. coli
E) SNP

Question

Many restriction enzymes generate ____ on DNA fragments after being cut.

A) frank ends
B) recombinant ends
C) curved ends
D) sticky ends
E) oblique ends

Question

The E4 variation of the APOE gene increases a person's chances of developing ____.

A) cystic fibrosis
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Huntington's disease
D) Alzheimer's disease
E) Duchenne's muscular dystrophy

Question

A fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer that can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest is referred to as a ____.

A) clone
B) plasmid
C) vector
D) marker
E) probe

Question

When a population is made up of individuals who are genetically identical, each individual is said to be a ____ of the other individuals.

A) homolog
B) clone
C) twin
D) recombinant
E) probe

Question

A DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell is known as a ____.

A) genetic probe
B) DNA library
C) recombinant DNA
D) cloning vector
E) restriction enzyme

Question

Approximately ____ percent of a person's 3 billion nucleotides are unique to that individual.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 25
E) 50

Question

After DNA fragments with complementary sticky ends base pair, ____ seals the gaps between the fragments to produce a continuous DNA molecule.

A) plasmids
B) E. coli
C) Eco RI
D) DNA ligase
E) restriction enzymes

Question

Which most accurately describes the expression "recombinant DNA"?

A) DNA molecule cloned from a given organism
B) DNA molecule that contains genetic information from more than one organism
C) DNA molecule that is moved from one tube to another in a laboratory
D) DNA molecule isolated from a specific organism
E) DNA molecule that has been used in a laboratory for experimental purposes

Question

The restriction enzyme Eco RI recognizes the sequence GAATTC; therefore, it will ____ whenever it encounters this sequence.

A) paste the DNA molecule
B) cut the DNA molecule
C) break the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together
D) replicate the DNA
E) transcribe the DNA

Question

During a DNA profiling analysis, short tandem repeats are first ____.

A) subjected to high heat
B) inserted into a plasmid
C) chopped up using a restriction enzyme
D) placed on a gel for electrophoresis
E) amplified using PCR

Question

Which of the following happens first in the PCR process?

A) repeated cycles of high and low temperatures
B) mixing of DNA polymerase with template DNA, nucleotides, and primers
C) DNA hybridization
D) DNA synthesis
E) DNA unwinds

Question

Once a probe has hybridized with a gene of interest in a DNA library, the hybrid is identified by detection of ____.

A) its sticky tail
B) its radioactive label
C) restriction enzymes
D) mRNA
E) the vector

Question

The technique of ____ analyzes 500,000 SNPs in an individual's genome.

A) electrophoresis
B) cutting and pasting
C) DNA cloning
D) PCR
E) SNP-chips

Question

To analyze DNA in a single hair found at a crime scene, the ____ technique is used.

A) DNA library
B) sequencing
C) genomic
D) DNA cloning
E) PCR

Question

DNA polymerase begins DNA synthesis at the site of ____ hybridization.

A) tracer
B) vector
C) plasmid
D) primer
E) enzyme

Question

Sticky ends are so named because ____.

A) they are single-stranded and will base pair with complementary sequences
B) covalent bonds spontaneously form between them to form a continuous DNA molecule
C) primers hybridize to them during the first step of PCR
D) they hybridize to a DNA sequence of interest
E) they stick to invading viral DNA

Question

Short tandem repeats on ____ may be used to determine genetic relationships among male relatives and descendants.

A) the Y chromosome
B) chromosome 3
C) the X chromosome
D) chromosome 8
E) chromosome 20

Question

Which is a complete list of the ingredients that are essential for PCR?

A) nucleotides, DNA template, Taq polymerase, and primers
B) nucleotides, DNA template, DNA ligase, and primers
C) restriction enzymes, DNA template, Taq polymerase, and primers
D) nucleotides, DNA template, Taq polymerase, and plasmids
E) nucleotides, DNA template, DNA ligase, and plasmids

Question

After obtaining DNA fragments by PCR, the fragments are ____ to reveal the lengths of the short tandem repeats.

A) separated by a centrifuge
B) viewed under a microscope
C) separated by an electric current
D) inserted into a plasmid
E) chopped up using restriction enzymes

Question

Which procedure is used to amplify DNA in the laboratory?

A) DNA cloning
B) reverse transcription
C) nucleic acid hybridization
D) DNA restriction
E) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question

The entire set of genetic material of a given individual is its ____.

A) genome
B) plasmid
C) vector
D) library
E) recombinants

Question

When DNA fragments are inserted into plasmids, the resulting recombinant molecules must be introduced into ____ in order for the DNA to be replicated.

A) rabbits
B) humans
C) bacteria
D) mice
E) chimpanzees

Question

If the nucleotide sequence ACTGAG represents the sticky end of a DNA molecule, to what other sticky end sequence would it base pair?

A) TGACTC
B) UGACUC
C) ACTGAG
D) ACUGUG
E) GAGTCA

Question

The discovery of ____ allowed researchers to cut chromosomes into manageable-sized DNA fragments.

A) single-nucleotide polymorphisms
B) restriction enzymes
C) DNA assembly enzymes
D) f ragment-length polymorphisms
E) receptor proteins

Question

Which special property of Taq polymerases make them useful for PCR?

A) they are stable at high temperatures
B) their hydrogen bonds do not break at low pHs
C) they multiply quickly
D) they are easy to isolate from common fungi
E) they paste two DNA fragments together

Question

Which two enzymes do DNA researchers need to cut and paste DNA from different sources?

A) restriction enzymes and DNA ligase
B) restriction enzymes and DNA polymerase
C) DNA ligase and DNA polymerase
D) restriction enzymes and helicase
E) helicases and DNA polymerase

Question

Which of the following applications seeks to reveal differences in the number of tandem repeats among individuals for the purposes of identification?

A) genomics
B) DNA libraries
C) DNA hybridization
D) DNA profiling
E) DNA probe analysis

Question

One of the advantages of PCR is the ability to ____.

A) sequence DNA
B) transcribe DNA into mRNA transcripts
C) make millions of copies of the entire genome
D) double the amount of a rare DNA sequence
E) make millions of copies of a rare DNA sequence

Question

After DNA unwinds and becomes single-stranded in a PCR reaction, the temperature is lowered to allow the ____ to hybridize with the DNA template.

A) vectors
B) primers
C) tracers
D) restriction enzymes
E) DNA ligase

Question

When a gene from one species is transferred into another species, the result is ____.

A) a GMO
B) a new species
C) a hybrid animal
D) eugenics
E) a lethal mutation

Question

By using mice, researchers found a correlation between mutations in the gene APOA5 and ____.

A) high triglycerides in blood
B) breast cancer
C) receptors of the immune system
D) sickle-cell anemia
E) Alzheimer's disease

Question

What is the most assured method of identifying an individual?

A) full genome sequencing
B) short tandem repeat analysis
C) SNP-chip analysis
D) DNA-DNA hybridization
E) PCR amplification

Question

Golden Rice is made more β -carotene rich with genes from bacteria and ____.

A) corn
B) mice
C) tulips
D) daffodils
E) oranges

Question

Traditionally, chymosin used in the food industry to make cheese was extracted from ____.

A) mold fermentation
B) yeast fermentation
C) sheep stomachs
D) bacterial fermentation
E) calf stomachs

Question

The term "biotech barnyards" refers to ____.

A) the production of human therapeutic proteins by farm animals
B) the development of new species of farm animals
C) the increased production of milk, egg, wool, and so on
D) modern methods of raising more animals on less feed
E) the creation of transgenic animals that can produce several products

Question

GMO crops such as ____ help farmers use smaller amounts of toxic pesticides because these crops are pest resistant.

A) glyphosphate
B) Golden Rice
C) A. tumefaciens corn
D) Ti corn and rice
E) Bt corn and soy

Question

Most genetically modified crops carry genes for ____.

A) herbicide resistance
B) disease and pest resistance
C) nutritional enhancement
D) making human medicines
E) increased yields

Question

What is a transgenic organism?

A) an organism with multiple copies of the same gene
B) an organism that has genes from another species
C) an organism that does not use DNA to specify proteins
D) an organism that has had its entire genome sequenced
E) an organism that has been DNA profiled

Question

Researchers introduce DNA into plants by using ____. I. bacteria
II) electric shocks
III) chemical shocks

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Question

Sequencing the human genome was possible with the use of ____ sequencing methods.

A) automated
B) mRNA
C) electrophoretic
D) international
E) patented

Question

Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of ____.

A) molecular charge
B) molecular bonding
C) molecular size
D) polarity
E) nonpolarity

Question

Which process consists of modifying an individual's genome?

A) DNA hybridization
B) PCR
C) SNPing
D) DNA profiling
E) genetic engineering

Question

In which organism is genetically engineered human insulin produced?

A) pigs
B) E. coli
C) humans
D) T. aquaticus
E) B. thuringiensis

Question

Which of the following subdisciplines of biology focuses on understanding the entire genetic composition of organisms?

A) evolutionary biology
B) molecular biology
C) genomics
D) comparative anatomy
E) embryology

Question

Today, almost all cheese is made with ____ chymosin produced by transgenic____.

A) pig; yeast
B) bacterial; yeast
C) calf; yeast
D) sheep; bacteria
E) bacterial; calf

Question

Most genetic engineering involves the use of ____.

A) yeast and plants
B) plants and E. coli
C) yeast and mice
D) bacteria and mice
E) yeast and bacteria

Question

The increased reliance on genetically engineered crops grew from the need to ____.

A) develop new species of crop plants
B) provide farmers with more expensive seeds
C) find new pesticides
D) produce more food at lower cost without harming the environment
E) find more ways to profit from crop plants

Question

Which organism is used in the genetic engineering of plants?

A) E. coli
B) T. aquaticus
C) A. tumefaciens
D) P. flourescens
E) B. thuringiensis

Question

In agriculture, the use of GMOs is regulated by the ____.

A) FDA
B) AHA
C) EPA
D) USDA
E) NIH

Question

Gene therapy has been successful in curing ____.

A) AIDS
B) SCID
C) diabetes
D) hemophilia A
E) cystic fibrosis

Question

Match between columns

DNA with a targeted sequence is mixed with primers, nucleotides, and Taq DNA polymerase.

The mixture is heated, and the double-stranded DNA separates into single strands. When the mixture is cooled, some of the primers base-pair with the DNA at opposite ends of the targeted sequence.

Taq polymerase begins DNA synthesis at the primers, so it produces complementary strands of the targeted DNA sequence.

All double-stranded DNA separates into single strands after mixture is reheated. After it cools, primers base-pair with the targeted sequence in the original template DNA and in the new DNA strands.

The number of copies of the targeted DNA section is doubled with each cycle of heating and cooling. After two rounds, the amount of the initial DNA template has doubled twice.

Question

Match between columns

DNA fragment that contains the DNA of more than one species

clones

DNA fragment that contains the DNA of more than one species

DNA library

DNA fragment that contains the DNA of more than one species

DNA polymerase

DNA fragment that contains the DNA of more than one species

restriction enzymes

DNA fragment that contains the DNA of more than one species

recombinant DNA

DNA fragment that contains the DNA of more than one species

plasmids

molecules that chop up DNA molecules in specific ways

clones

molecules that chop up DNA molecules in specific ways

DNA library

molecules that chop up DNA molecules in specific ways

DNA polymerase

molecules that chop up DNA molecules in specific ways

restriction enzymes

molecules that chop up DNA molecules in specific ways

recombinant DNA

molecules that chop up DNA molecules in specific ways

plasmids

circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors

clones

circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors

DNA library

circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors

DNA polymerase

circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors

restriction enzymes

circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors

recombinant DNA

circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors

plasmids

in a bacterial population, each individual contains several copies of the same recombinant DNA molecule

clones

in a bacterial population, each individual contains several copies of the same recombinant DNA molecule

DNA library

in a bacterial population, each individual contains several copies of the same recombinant DNA molecule

DNA polymerase

in a bacterial population, each individual contains several copies of the same recombinant DNA molecule

restriction enzymes

in a bacterial population, each individual contains several copies of the same recombinant DNA molecule

recombinant DNA

in a bacterial population, each individual contains several copies of the same recombinant DNA molecule

plasmids

collections of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into cloning vectors

clones

collections of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into cloning vectors

DNA library

collections of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into cloning vectors

DNA polymerase

collections of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into cloning vectors

restriction enzymes

collections of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into cloning vectors

recombinant DNA

collections of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into cloning vectors

plasmids

enzyme used to synthesize new DNA molecules from a small amount of starting material

clones

enzyme used to synthesize new DNA molecules from a small amount of starting material

DNA library

enzyme used to synthesize new DNA molecules from a small amount of starting material

DNA polymerase

enzyme used to synthesize new DNA molecules from a small amount of starting material

restriction enzymes

enzyme used to synthesize new DNA molecules from a small amount of starting material

recombinant DNA

enzyme used to synthesize new DNA molecules from a small amount of starting material

plasmids

Question

If a virus-injected gene interrupts a growth control gene, ____ could result.

A) diabetes
B) cancer
C) hemophilia A
D) sickle-cell anemia
E) heart attack

Question

Match between columns

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

goats

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

rice

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

A. tumefaciens

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

E. coli

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

mice

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

cloning vector

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

genome

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

probe

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

DNA ligase

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

single-nucleotide polymorphism

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

DNA profile

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

DNA sequencing

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

electrophoresis

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

eugenics

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

gene therapy

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

genetic engineering

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

polymerase chain reaction

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

goats

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

rice

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

A. tumefaciens

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

E. coli

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

mice

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

cloning vector

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

genome

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

probe

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

DNA ligase

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

single-nucleotide polymorphism

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

DNA profile

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

DNA sequencing

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

electrophoresis

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

eugenics

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

gene therapy

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

genetic engineering

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

polymerase chain reaction

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

goats

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

rice

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

A. tumefaciens

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

E. coli

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

mice

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

cloning vector

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

genome

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

probe

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

DNA ligase

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

single-nucleotide polymorphism

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

DNA profile

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

DNA sequencing

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

electrophoresis

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

eugenics

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

gene therapy

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

genetic engineering

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

polymerase chain reaction

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

goats

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

rice

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

A. tumefaciens

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

E. coli

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

mice

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

cloning vector

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

genome

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

probe

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

DNA ligase

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

single-nucleotide polymorphism

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

DNA profile

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

DNA sequencing

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

electrophoresis

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

eugenics

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

gene therapy

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

genetic engineering

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

polymerase chain reaction

making changes in an individual's genome

goats

making changes in an individual's genome

rice

making changes in an individual's genome

A. tumefaciens

making changes in an individual's genome

E. coli

making changes in an individual's genome

mice

making changes in an individual's genome

cloning vector

making changes in an individual's genome

genome

making changes in an individual's genome

probe

making changes in an individual's genome

DNA ligase

making changes in an individual's genome

single-nucleotide polymorphism

making changes in an individual's genome

DNA profile

making changes in an individual's genome

DNA sequencing

making changes in an individual's genome

electrophoresis

making changes in an individual's genome

eugenics

making changes in an individual's genome

gene therapy

making changes in an individual's genome

genetic engineering

making changes in an individual's genome

polymerase chain reaction

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

goats

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

rice

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

A. tumefaciens

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

E. coli

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

mice

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

cloning vector

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

genome

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

probe

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

DNA ligase

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

single-nucleotide polymorphism

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

DNA profile

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

DNA sequencing

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

electrophoresis

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

eugenics

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

gene therapy

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

genetic engineering

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

polymerase chain reaction

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

goats

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

rice

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

A. tumefaciens

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

E. coli

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

mice

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

cloning vector

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

genome

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

probe

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

DNA ligase

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

single-nucleotide polymorphism

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

DNA profile

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

DNA sequencing

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

electrophoresis

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

eugenics

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

gene therapy

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

genetic engineering

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

polymerase chain reaction

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

goats

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

rice

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

A. tumefaciens

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

E. coli

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

mice

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

cloning vector

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

genome

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

probe

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

DNA ligase

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

single-nucleotide polymorphism

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

DNA profile

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

DNA sequencing

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

electrophoresis

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

eugenics

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

gene therapy

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

genetic engineering

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

polymerase chain reaction

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

goats

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

rice

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

A. tumefaciens

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

E. coli

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

mice

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

cloning vector

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

genome

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

probe

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

DNA ligase

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

single-nucleotide polymorphism

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

DNA profile

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

DNA sequencing

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

electrophoresis

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

eugenics

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

gene therapy

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

genetic engineering

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

polymerase chain reaction

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

goats

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

rice

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

A. tumefaciens

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

E. coli

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

mice

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

cloning vector

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

genome

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

probe

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

DNA ligase

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

single-nucleotide polymorphism

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

DNA profile

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

DNA sequencing

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

electrophoresis

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

eugenics

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

gene therapy

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

genetic engineering

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

polymerase chain reaction

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

goats

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

rice

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

A. tumefaciens

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

E. coli

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

mice

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

cloning vector

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

genome

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

probe

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

DNA ligase

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

single-nucleotide polymorphism

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

DNA profile

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

DNA sequencing

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

electrophoresis

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

eugenics

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

gene therapy

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

genetic engineering

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

polymerase chain reaction

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

goats

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

rice

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

A. tumefaciens

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

E. coli

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

mice

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

cloning vector

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

genome

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

probe

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

DNA ligase

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

single-nucleotide polymorphism

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

DNA profile

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

DNA sequencing

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

electrophoresis

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

eugenics

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

gene therapy

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

genetic engineering

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

polymerase chain reaction

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

goats

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

rice

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

A. tumefaciens

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

E. coli

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

mice

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

cloning vector

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

genome

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

probe

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

DNA ligase

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

single-nucleotide polymorphism

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

DNA profile

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

DNA sequencing

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

electrophoresis

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

eugenics

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

gene therapy

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

genetic engineering

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

polymerase chain reaction

an organism's complete set of genetic material

goats

an organism's complete set of genetic material

rice

an organism's complete set of genetic material

A. tumefaciens

an organism's complete set of genetic material

E. coli

an organism's complete set of genetic material

mice

an organism's complete set of genetic material

cloning vector

an organism's complete set of genetic material

genome

an organism's complete set of genetic material

probe

an organism's complete set of genetic material

DNA ligase

an organism's complete set of genetic material

single-nucleotide polymorphism

an organism's complete set of genetic material

DNA profile

an organism's complete set of genetic material

DNA sequencing

an organism's complete set of genetic material

electrophoresis

an organism's complete set of genetic material

eugenics

an organism's complete set of genetic material

gene therapy

an organism's complete set of genetic material

genetic engineering

an organism's complete set of genetic material

polymerase chain reaction

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

goats

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

rice

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

A. tumefaciens

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

E. coli

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

mice

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

cloning vector

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

genome

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

probe

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

DNA ligase

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

single-nucleotide polymorphism

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

DNA profile

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

DNA sequencing

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

electrophoresis

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

eugenics

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

gene therapy

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

genetic engineering

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

polymerase chain reaction

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

goats

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

rice

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

A. tumefaciens

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

E. coli

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

mice

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

cloning vector

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

genome

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

probe

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

DNA ligase

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

single-nucleotide polymorphism

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

DNA profile

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

DNA sequencing

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

electrophoresis

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

eugenics

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

gene therapy

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

genetic engineering

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

polymerase chain reaction

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

goats

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

rice

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

A. tumefaciens

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

E. coli

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

mice

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

cloning vector

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

genome

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

probe

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

DNA ligase

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

single-nucleotide polymorphism

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

DNA profile

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

DNA sequencing

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

electrophoresis

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

eugenics

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

gene therapy

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

genetic engineering

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

polymerase chain reaction

Question

How much Golden Rice will supply a child's daily need for the vitamin that is converted from β -carotene?

A) two teaspoons
B) a half of a cup
C) one cup
D) one quart
E) one pint

Question

β -Carotene is converted to vitamin ____ in the cells of the small intestine.

A) B12
B) A
C) E
D) C
E) D

Question

When performing gene therapy, DNA can be introduced into human cells by using genetically engineered ____, which are designed to deliver their genetic material into the cells they infect.

A) sheep cells
B) mouse cells
C) bacteria
D) plasmids
E) viruses

Question

Which animal makes human interleukin-2, a protein that triggers immune cells to divide and is being used as a cancer drug?

A) cows
B) sheep
C) mice
D) goats
E) rabbits

Question

Gene therapy is performed by ____.

A) replacing the genomes of an individual with a brand-new set of genomes with the goal of treating a genetic defect
B) replacing a defective gene in an individual with a normal gene with the goal of treating a genetic disorder
C) transferring a mutated gene into an individual with the goal of treating a genetic defect
D) transferring a normal or a modified gene into an individual with the goal of treating a genetic defect
E) replacing a defective enzyme in an individual with a normal enzyme with the goal of treating a genetic disorder

Question

In gene therapy, what is transferred into an individual's chromosomes?

A) a new genome
B) an unmutated gene
C) a mutated gene
D) bacterial plasmids
E) DNA libraries

Question

The idea of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race is referred to as ____.

A) genomics
B) genetic cloning
C) gene therapy
D) eugenics
E) euthanasia

Question

Currently, the only possible cure for genetic disorders is ____.

A) genetically modified drugs
B) transplantation
C) whole genome replacement
D) gene therapy
E) GMOs

Question

Which human body system is affected in individuals with SCIDs?

A) digestive
B) immune
C) reproductive
D) nervous
E) cardiovascular

Question

Crops have been genetically modified to resist the herbicide ____.

A) glyphosate
B) DDT
C) triazine
D) 2,4-D
E) atrazine

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Deck 11: Biotechnology

What is a SNP?

A) genetic library
B) mRNA library
C) gene library
D) DNA library
E) nucleotide library

In bacteria, restriction enzymes function to ____.

A) identify sequences of interest in a DNA library
B) produce human proteins
C) provide antibiotic resistance
D) chop up invading viral DNA
E) make the cells vulnerable to viruses

Which of the following most accurately describes the process of DNA cloning?

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When a bacterium reproduces, its offspring inherit a full complement of genetic information, which includes ____.

A) one chromosome plus plasmids
B) a genetically complete plasmid
C) at least two chromosomes
D) two chromosomes plus plasmids
E) a single strand of circular DNA

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Which of the following molecules are often used as a cloning vector?

A) plasmids
B) restriction enzymes
C) recombinant DNA
D) DNA fragments
E) SNPs

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In a PCR reaction, a few seconds at high temperature disrupts the ____ that hold the two strands of DNA together, so every molecule of DNA unwinds and becomes single-stranded.

A) covalent bonds
B) peptide bonds
C) hydrogen bonds
D) lipoproteins
E) DNA ligases

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What do biologists use in order to identify clones that contain the DNA fragment of interest?

A) probes
B) plasmids
C) templates
D) primers
E) ligases

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Which of the following molecules are able to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences?

A) assembly enzymes
B) hydrolytic enzymes
C) restriction enzymes
D) ligase enzymes
E) repair enzymes

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The APOE gene encodes ____.

A) lipoproteins
B) surface antigens
C) myofilaments
D) hydrolytic enzymes
E) receptor proteins

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An example of a restriction enzyme is ____.

A) DNA polymerase
B) DNA ligase
C) Eco RI
D) E. coli
E) SNP

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Many restriction enzymes generate ____ on DNA fragments after being cut.

A) frank ends
B) recombinant ends
C) curved ends
D) sticky ends
E) oblique ends

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The E4 variation of the APOE gene increases a person's chances of developing ____.

A) cystic fibrosis
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Huntington's disease
D) Alzheimer's disease
E) Duchenne's muscular dystrophy

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A fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer that can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest is referred to as a ____.

A) clone
B) plasmid
C) vector
D) marker
E) probe

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When a population is made up of individuals who are genetically identical, each individual is said to be a ____ of the other individuals.

A) homolog
B) clone
C) twin
D) recombinant
E) probe

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A DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell is known as a ____.

A) genetic probe
B) DNA library
C) recombinant DNA
D) cloning vector
E) restriction enzyme

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Approximately ____ percent of a person's 3 billion nucleotides are unique to that individual.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 25
E) 50

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After DNA fragments with complementary sticky ends base pair, ____ seals the gaps between the fragments to produce a continuous DNA molecule.

A) plasmids
B) E. coli
C) Eco RI
D) DNA ligase
E) restriction enzymes

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Which most accurately describes the expression "recombinant DNA"?

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The restriction enzyme Eco RI recognizes the sequence GAATTC; therefore, it will ____ whenever it encounters this sequence.

A) paste the DNA molecule
B) cut the DNA molecule
C) break the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together
D) replicate the DNA
E) transcribe the DNA

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During a DNA profiling analysis, short tandem repeats are first ____.

A) subjected to high heat
B) inserted into a plasmid
C) chopped up using a restriction enzyme
D) placed on a gel for electrophoresis
E) amplified using PCR

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Which of the following happens first in the PCR process?

A) repeated cycles of high and low temperatures
B) mixing of DNA polymerase with template DNA, nucleotides, and primers
C) DNA hybridization
D) DNA synthesis
E) DNA unwinds

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Once a probe has hybridized with a gene of interest in a DNA library, the hybrid is identified by detection of ____.

A) its sticky tail
B) its radioactive label
C) restriction enzymes
D) mRNA
E) the vector

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The technique of ____ analyzes 500,000 SNPs in an individual's genome.

A) electrophoresis
B) cutting and pasting
C) DNA cloning
D) PCR
E) SNP-chips

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To analyze DNA in a single hair found at a crime scene, the ____ technique is used.

A) DNA library
B) sequencing
C) genomic
D) DNA cloning
E) PCR

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DNA polymerase begins DNA synthesis at the site of ____ hybridization.

A) tracer
B) vector
C) plasmid
D) primer
E) enzyme

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Sticky ends are so named because ____.

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Short tandem repeats on ____ may be used to determine genetic relationships among male relatives and descendants.

A) the Y chromosome
B) chromosome 3
C) the X chromosome
D) chromosome 8
E) chromosome 20

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Which is a complete list of the ingredients that are essential for PCR?

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After obtaining DNA fragments by PCR, the fragments are ____ to reveal the lengths of the short tandem repeats.

A) separated by a centrifuge
B) viewed under a microscope
C) separated by an electric current
D) inserted into a plasmid
E) chopped up using restriction enzymes

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Which procedure is used to amplify DNA in the laboratory?

A) DNA cloning
B) reverse transcription
C) nucleic acid hybridization
D) DNA restriction
E) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

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The entire set of genetic material of a given individual is its ____.

A) genome
B) plasmid
C) vector
D) library
E) recombinants

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When DNA fragments are inserted into plasmids, the resulting recombinant molecules must be introduced into ____ in order for the DNA to be replicated.

A) rabbits
B) humans
C) bacteria
D) mice
E) chimpanzees

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If the nucleotide sequence ACTGAG represents the sticky end of a DNA molecule, to what other sticky end sequence would it base pair?

A) TGACTC
B) UGACUC
C) ACTGAG
D) ACUGUG
E) GAGTCA

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The discovery of ____ allowed researchers to cut chromosomes into manageable-sized DNA fragments.

A) single-nucleotide polymorphisms
B) restriction enzymes
C) DNA assembly enzymes
D) f ragment-length polymorphisms
E) receptor proteins

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Which special property of Taq polymerases make them useful for PCR?

A) they are stable at high temperatures
B) their hydrogen bonds do not break at low pHs
C) they multiply quickly
D) they are easy to isolate from common fungi
E) they paste two DNA fragments together

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Which two enzymes do DNA researchers need to cut and paste DNA from different sources?

A) restriction enzymes and DNA ligase
B) restriction enzymes and DNA polymerase
C) DNA ligase and DNA polymerase
D) restriction enzymes and helicase
E) helicases and DNA polymerase

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Which of the following applications seeks to reveal differences in the number of tandem repeats among individuals for the purposes of identification?

A) genomics
B) DNA libraries
C) DNA hybridization
D) DNA profiling
E) DNA probe analysis

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One of the advantages of PCR is the ability to ____.

A) sequence DNA
B) transcribe DNA into mRNA transcripts
C) make millions of copies of the entire genome
D) double the amount of a rare DNA sequence
E) make millions of copies of a rare DNA sequence

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After DNA unwinds and becomes single-stranded in a PCR reaction, the temperature is lowered to allow the ____ to hybridize with the DNA template.

A) vectors
B) primers
C) tracers
D) restriction enzymes
E) DNA ligase

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When a gene from one species is transferred into another species, the result is ____.

A) a GMO
B) a new species
C) a hybrid animal
D) eugenics
E) a lethal mutation

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By using mice, researchers found a correlation between mutations in the gene APOA5 and ____.

A) high triglycerides in blood
B) breast cancer
C) receptors of the immune system
D) sickle-cell anemia
E) Alzheimer's disease

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What is the most assured method of identifying an individual?

A) full genome sequencing
B) short tandem repeat analysis
C) SNP-chip analysis
D) DNA-DNA hybridization
E) PCR amplification

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Golden Rice is made more β -carotene rich with genes from bacteria and ____.

A) corn
B) mice
C) tulips
D) daffodils
E) oranges

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Traditionally, chymosin used in the food industry to make cheese was extracted from ____.

A) mold fermentation
B) yeast fermentation
C) sheep stomachs
D) bacterial fermentation
E) calf stomachs

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The term "biotech barnyards" refers to ____.

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GMO crops such as ____ help farmers use smaller amounts of toxic pesticides because these crops are pest resistant.

A) glyphosphate
B) Golden Rice
C) A. tumefaciens corn
D) Ti corn and rice
E) Bt corn and soy

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Most genetically modified crops carry genes for ____.

A) herbicide resistance
B) disease and pest resistance
C) nutritional enhancement
D) making human medicines
E) increased yields

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What is a transgenic organism?

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Researchers introduce DNA into plants by using ____. I. bacteria
II) electric shocks
III) chemical shocks

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

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Sequencing the human genome was possible with the use of ____ sequencing methods.

A) automated
B) mRNA
C) electrophoretic
D) international
E) patented

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Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of ____.

A) molecular charge
B) molecular bonding
C) molecular size
D) polarity
E) nonpolarity

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Which process consists of modifying an individual's genome?

A) DNA hybridization
B) PCR
C) SNPing
D) DNA profiling
E) genetic engineering

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In which organism is genetically engineered human insulin produced?

A) pigs
B) E. coli
C) humans
D) T. aquaticus
E) B. thuringiensis

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Which of the following subdisciplines of biology focuses on understanding the entire genetic composition of organisms?

A) evolutionary biology
B) molecular biology
C) genomics
D) comparative anatomy
E) embryology

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Today, almost all cheese is made with ____ chymosin produced by transgenic____.

A) pig; yeast
B) bacterial; yeast
C) calf; yeast
D) sheep; bacteria
E) bacterial; calf

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Most genetic engineering involves the use of ____.

A) yeast and plants
B) plants and E. coli
C) yeast and mice
D) bacteria and mice
E) yeast and bacteria

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The increased reliance on genetically engineered crops grew from the need to ____.

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Which organism is used in the genetic engineering of plants?

A) E. coli
B) T. aquaticus
C) A. tumefaciens
D) P. flourescens
E) B. thuringiensis

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In agriculture, the use of GMOs is regulated by the ____.

A) FDA
B) AHA
C) EPA
D) USDA
E) NIH

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Gene therapy has been successful in curing ____.

A) AIDS
B) SCID
C) diabetes
D) hemophilia A
E) cystic fibrosis

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Match between columns

DNA with a targeted sequence is mixed with primers, nucleotides, and Taq DNA polymerase.

The mixture is heated, and the double-stranded DNA separates into single strands. When the mixture is cooled, some of the primers base-pair with the DNA at opposite ends of the targeted sequence.

Taq polymerase begins DNA synthesis at the primers, so it produces complementary strands of the targeted DNA sequence.

All double-stranded DNA separates into single strands after mixture is reheated. After it cools, primers base-pair with the targeted sequence in the original template DNA and in the new DNA strands.

The number of copies of the targeted DNA section is doubled with each cycle of heating and cooling. After two rounds, the amount of the initial DNA template has doubled twice.

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Match between columns

DNA fragment that contains the DNA of more than one species

clones

DNA fragment that contains the DNA of more than one species

DNA library

DNA fragment that contains the DNA of more than one species

DNA polymerase

DNA fragment that contains the DNA of more than one species

restriction enzymes

DNA fragment that contains the DNA of more than one species

recombinant DNA

DNA fragment that contains the DNA of more than one species

plasmids

molecules that chop up DNA molecules in specific ways

clones

molecules that chop up DNA molecules in specific ways

DNA library

molecules that chop up DNA molecules in specific ways

DNA polymerase

molecules that chop up DNA molecules in specific ways

restriction enzymes

molecules that chop up DNA molecules in specific ways

recombinant DNA

molecules that chop up DNA molecules in specific ways

plasmids

circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors

clones

circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors

DNA library

circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors

DNA polymerase

circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors

restriction enzymes

circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors

recombinant DNA

circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors

plasmids

in a bacterial population, each individual contains several copies of the same recombinant DNA molecule

clones

in a bacterial population, each individual contains several copies of the same recombinant DNA molecule

DNA library

in a bacterial population, each individual contains several copies of the same recombinant DNA molecule

DNA polymerase

in a bacterial population, each individual contains several copies of the same recombinant DNA molecule

restriction enzymes

in a bacterial population, each individual contains several copies of the same recombinant DNA molecule

recombinant DNA

in a bacterial population, each individual contains several copies of the same recombinant DNA molecule

plasmids

collections of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into cloning vectors

clones

collections of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into cloning vectors

DNA library

collections of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into cloning vectors

DNA polymerase

collections of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into cloning vectors

restriction enzymes

collections of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into cloning vectors

recombinant DNA

collections of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into cloning vectors

plasmids

enzyme used to synthesize new DNA molecules from a small amount of starting material

clones

enzyme used to synthesize new DNA molecules from a small amount of starting material

DNA library

enzyme used to synthesize new DNA molecules from a small amount of starting material

DNA polymerase

enzyme used to synthesize new DNA molecules from a small amount of starting material

restriction enzymes

enzyme used to synthesize new DNA molecules from a small amount of starting material

recombinant DNA

enzyme used to synthesize new DNA molecules from a small amount of starting material

plasmids

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If a virus-injected gene interrupts a growth control gene, ____ could result.

A) diabetes
B) cancer
C) hemophilia A
D) sickle-cell anemia
E) heart attack

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Match between columns

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

goats

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

rice

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

A. tumefaciens

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

E. coli

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

mice

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

cloning vector

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

genome

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

probe

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

DNA ligase

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

single-nucleotide polymorphism

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

DNA profile

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

DNA sequencing

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

electrophoresis

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

eugenics

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

gene therapy

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

genetic engineering

transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

polymerase chain reaction

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

goats

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

rice

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

A. tumefaciens

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

E. coli

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

mice

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

cloning vector

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

genome

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

probe

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

DNA ligase

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

single-nucleotide polymorphism

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

DNA profile

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

DNA sequencing

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

electrophoresis

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

eugenics

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

gene therapy

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

genetic engineering

a DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell

polymerase chain reaction

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

goats

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

rice

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

A. tumefaciens

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

E. coli

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

mice

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

cloning vector

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

genome

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

probe

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

DNA ligase

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

single-nucleotide polymorphism

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

DNA profile

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

DNA sequencing

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

electrophoresis

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

eugenics

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

gene therapy

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

genetic engineering

r esearchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans

polymerase chain reaction

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

goats

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

rice

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

A. tumefaciens

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

E. coli

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

mice

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

cloning vector

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

genome

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

probe

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

DNA ligase

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

single-nucleotide polymorphism

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

DNA profile

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

DNA sequencing

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

electrophoresis

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

eugenics

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

gene therapy

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

genetic engineering

method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

polymerase chain reaction

making changes in an individual's genome

goats

making changes in an individual's genome

rice

making changes in an individual's genome

A. tumefaciens

making changes in an individual's genome

E. coli

making changes in an individual's genome

mice

making changes in an individual's genome

cloning vector

making changes in an individual's genome

genome

making changes in an individual's genome

probe

making changes in an individual's genome

DNA ligase

making changes in an individual's genome

single-nucleotide polymorphism

making changes in an individual's genome

DNA profile

making changes in an individual's genome

DNA sequencing

making changes in an individual's genome

electrophoresis

making changes in an individual's genome

eugenics

making changes in an individual's genome

gene therapy

making changes in an individual's genome

genetic engineering

making changes in an individual's genome

polymerase chain reaction

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

goats

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

rice

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

A. tumefaciens

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

E. coli

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

mice

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

cloning vector

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

genome

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

probe

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

DNA ligase

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

single-nucleotide polymorphism

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

DNA profile

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

DNA sequencing

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

electrophoresis

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

eugenics

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

gene therapy

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

genetic engineering

one-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

polymerase chain reaction

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

goats

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

rice

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

A. tumefaciens

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

E. coli

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

mice

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

cloning vector

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

genome

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

probe

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

DNA ligase

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

single-nucleotide polymorphism

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

DNA profile

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

DNA sequencing

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

electrophoresis

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

eugenics

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

gene therapy

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

genetic engineering

the philosophy of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race

polymerase chain reaction

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

goats

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

rice

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

A. tumefaciens

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

E. coli

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

mice

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

cloning vector

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

genome

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

probe

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

DNA ligase

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

single-nucleotide polymorphism

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

DNA profile

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

DNA sequencing

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

electrophoresis

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

eugenics

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

gene therapy

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

genetic engineering

fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest

polymerase chain reaction

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

goats

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

rice

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

A. tumefaciens

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

E. coli

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

mice

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

cloning vector

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

genome

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

probe

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

DNA ligase

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

single-nucleotide polymorphism

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

DNA profile

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

DNA sequencing

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

electrophoresis

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

eugenics

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

gene therapy

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

genetic engineering

method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment

polymerase chain reaction

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

goats

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

rice

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

A. tumefaciens

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

E. coli

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

mice

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

cloning vector

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

genome

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

probe

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

DNA ligase

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

single-nucleotide polymorphism

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

DNA profile

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

DNA sequencing

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

electrophoresis

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

eugenics

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

gene therapy

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

genetic engineering

a transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene, an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A, making it more nutritious to humans

polymerase chain reaction

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

goats

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

rice

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

A. tumefaciens

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

E. coli

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

mice

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

cloning vector

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

genome

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

probe

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

DNA ligase

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

single-nucleotide polymorphism

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

DNA profile

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

DNA sequencing

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

electrophoresis

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

eugenics

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

gene therapy

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

genetic engineering

technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes

polymerase chain reaction

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

goats

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

rice

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

A. tumefaciens

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

E. coli

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

mice

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

cloning vector

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

genome

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

probe

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

DNA ligase

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

single-nucleotide polymorphism

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

DNA profile

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

DNA sequencing

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

electrophoresis

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

eugenics

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

gene therapy

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

genetic engineering

t ransgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, heart attacks, blood clotting disorders, and nerve gas exposure

polymerase chain reaction

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

goats

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

rice

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

A. tumefaciens

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

E. coli

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

mice

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

cloning vector

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

genome

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

probe

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

DNA ligase

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

single-nucleotide polymorphism

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

DNA profile

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

DNA sequencing

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

electrophoresis

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

eugenics

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

gene therapy

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

genetic engineering

g enes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria

polymerase chain reaction

an organism's complete set of genetic material

goats

an organism's complete set of genetic material

rice

an organism's complete set of genetic material

A. tumefaciens

an organism's complete set of genetic material

E. coli

an organism's complete set of genetic material

mice

an organism's complete set of genetic material

cloning vector

an organism's complete set of genetic material

genome

an organism's complete set of genetic material

probe

an organism's complete set of genetic material

DNA ligase

an organism's complete set of genetic material

single-nucleotide polymorphism

an organism's complete set of genetic material

DNA profile

an organism's complete set of genetic material

DNA sequencing

an organism's complete set of genetic material

electrophoresis

an organism's complete set of genetic material

eugenics

an organism's complete set of genetic material

gene therapy

an organism's complete set of genetic material

genetic engineering

an organism's complete set of genetic material

polymerase chain reaction

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

goats

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

rice

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

A. tumefaciens

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

E. coli

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

mice

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

cloning vector

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

genome

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

probe

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

DNA ligase

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

single-nucleotide polymorphism

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

DNA profile

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

DNA sequencing

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

electrophoresis

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

eugenics

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

gene therapy

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

genetic engineering

j oins the base-paired DNA fragments to produce molecules of recombinant DNA.

polymerase chain reaction

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

goats

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

rice

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

A. tumefaciens

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

E. coli

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

mice

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

cloning vector

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

genome

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

probe

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

DNA ligase

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

single-nucleotide polymorphism

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

DNA profile

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

DNA sequencing

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

electrophoresis

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

eugenics

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

gene therapy

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

genetic engineering

s light modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin

polymerase chain reaction

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

goats

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

rice

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

A. tumefaciens

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

E. coli

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

mice

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

cloning vector

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

genome

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

probe

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

DNA ligase

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

single-nucleotide polymorphism

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

DNA profile

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

DNA sequencing

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

electrophoresis

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

eugenics

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

gene therapy

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

genetic engineering

an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats

polymerase chain reaction

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How much Golden Rice will supply a child's daily need for the vitamin that is converted from β -carotene?

A) two teaspoons
B) a half of a cup
C) one cup
D) one quart
E) one pint

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β -Carotene is converted to vitamin ____ in the cells of the small intestine.

A) B12
B) A
C) E
D) C
E) D

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When performing gene therapy, DNA can be introduced into human cells by using genetically engineered ____, which are designed to deliver their genetic material into the cells they infect.

A) sheep cells
B) mouse cells
C) bacteria
D) plasmids
E) viruses

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Which animal makes human interleukin-2, a protein that triggers immune cells to divide and is being used as a cancer drug?

A) cows
B) sheep
C) mice
D) goats
E) rabbits

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Gene therapy is performed by ____.

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In gene therapy, what is transferred into an individual's chromosomes?

A) a new genome
B) an unmutated gene
C) a mutated gene
D) bacterial plasmids
E) DNA libraries

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The idea of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race is referred to as ____.

A) genomics
B) genetic cloning
C) gene therapy
D) eugenics
E) euthanasia

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Currently, the only possible cure for genetic disorders is ____.

A) genetically modified drugs
B) transplantation
C) whole genome replacement
D) gene therapy
E) GMOs

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Which human body system is affected in individuals with SCIDs?

A) digestive
B) immune
C) reproductive
D) nervous
E) cardiovascular

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Crops have been genetically modified to resist the herbicide ____.

A) glyphosate
B) DDT
C) triazine
D) 2,4-D
E) atrazine

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Unlock Deck

Unlock for access to all 75 flashcards in this deck.