Deck 15: Plants and Fungi

Question 1

What is the function of phloem?

A) It helps the plant to prevent desiccation.
B) It transports water and minerals.
C) It transports photosynthetic sugars.
D) It allows for gas exchange.
E) It slows evaporation from the plant.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The _____ dominate(s) in the life cycle of bryophytes.

A) gametophyte stage
B) sporophyte stage
C) haploid stage and sporophyte body
D) diploid stage and gametophyte body
E) the gametophyte and the sporophyte bodies

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In all plants, gametes unite at fertilization to form a ____.

A) spore
B) gametophyte
C) sporophyte
D) zygote
E) seed

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What agricultural practice encourages the rapid spread of plant diseases?

A) irrigation practices
B) use of herbicide sprays
C) genetic modification of crops
D) planting large areas with a single crop variety
E) use of pesticides

Question 5

How is the Ug99 strain of wheat stem rust fungus spreading around the world?

A) Spores carried by birds
B) Viral vectors carried in insects
C) I mported infected wheat
D) W ind dispersal of spores
E) Infection of one plant by another plant

Question 6

The Ug99 strain of wheat stem rust _____.

A) has been eradicated worldwide
B) has wiped out most of the wheat around the world
C) is unable to infect most wheat varieties
D) can infect wheat varieties that were previously resistant to other strains
E) is only a problem in the United States

Question 7

Which group represents the oldest living plant lineage?

A) hornworts
B) liverworts
C) mosses
D) ferns
E) conifers

Question 8

Land plants most likely evolved from _____.

A) brown algae
B) red algae
C) green algae
D) bryophytes
E) seedless vascular plants

Question 9

Nonvascular plants lack _____.

A) spores
B) gametes
C) zygotes
D) seeds
E) chloroplasts

Question 10

A walled, immature male gametophyte is called a ____.

A) spore
B) pollen sac
C) zygote
D) sporophyte
E) pollen grain

Question 11

How does the wheat stem rust fungus harm its host plant?

A) It blocks  the flow of water through the plant.
B) I t interferes with the photosynthetic process.
C) I t absorbs plant sugars made in photosynthesis.
D) I t causes the roots to rot.
E) I t interferes with flowering.

Question 12

Which are low-growing, nonvascular plants that have flagellated sperm and disperse by producing spores?

A) mosses
B) ferns
C) liverworts
D) hornworts
E) lichen

Question 13

Peat bogs primarily consist of _____.

A) chytrids
B) ferns
C) liverworts
D) hornworts
E) mosses

Question 14

The mosses, hornworts, and liverworts are members of which group?

A) conifers
B) ferns
C) gymnosperms
D) bryophytes
E) angiosperms

Question 15

The structure that consists of an embryo sporophyte and food to support it, enclosed within a protective coat is referred to as a ____.

A) zygote
B) seed
C) fruit
D) gamete
E) spore

Question 16

Mosses have threadlike structures, called ____, that hold the gametophyte in place.

A) mycorrhizae
B) fronds
C) rhizoids
D) sporangia
E) rhizomes

Question 17

Which list represents the proposed sequence in plant evolution?

A) angiosperms >>> bryophytes >>> seedless vascular plants >>> gymnosperms
B) bryophytes >>> seedless vascular plants >>> gymnosperms >>> angiosperms
C) gymnosperms >>> angiosperms >>> bryophytes >>> seedless vascular plants
D) seedless vascular plants >>> gymnosperms >>> bryophytes >>> angiosperms
E) bryophytes >>> gymnosperms >>> angiosperms >>> seedless vascular plants

Question 18

What is the function of xylem?

A) It conducts water downward in the plant.
B) It transports food upward in the plant.
C) It transports minerals and water throughout the plant.
D) It transports photosynthetic materials from stem to leaf.
E) It slows the evaporation of water from the plant.

Question 19

Wheat stem rust fungus is a(n) _____.

A) obligate plant parasite
B) mycorrhizal fungus
C) decomposer
D) pathogenic chytrid
E) photosynthetic

Question 20

The cuticle of a plant functions primarily for ____.

A) retention of water
B) conduction of water and minerals
C) absorption of oxygen
D) photosynthesis
E) structural support

Question 21

In most ferns, roots and leaves sprout from ____.

A) fronds
B) rhizomes
C) sporangia
D) sori
E) gametophytes

Question 22

Meiosis and unequal cytoplasmic division in seed plant ___ produce three small cells that disintegrate and one large megaspore.

A) pollen sacs
B) pollen grains
C) gametophytes
D) microspores
E) ovules

Question 23

Relatives of modern ____ and horsetails were the dominant plants during the Carboniferous period.

A) club mosses
B) peat mosses
C) ferns
D) liverworts
E) hornworts

Question 24

A pine tree is a ____.

A) flowering plant
B) seedless plant
C) sporophyte
D) bryophyte
E) gametophyte

Question 25

Which plants are among those that contributed to the formation of coal?

A) horsetails
B) peat mosses
C) conifers
D) angiosperm trees
E) gymnosperm trees

Question 26

Which structures found in ferns are lacking in mosses?

A) spores
B) gametophytes
C) xylem
D) sporophytes
E) flagellated sperm

Question 27

In which structure do fern spores form?

A) frond
B) rhizome
C) sorus
D) rhizoid
E) gametangium

Question 28

Many tropical ferns live on other plants without withdrawing nutrients from them. These ferns are said to be ____.

A) epiphytes
B) bryophytes
C) parasites
D) pathogens
E) saprophytes

Question 29

The seed plants became dominant during the late ___ when the climate became ___.

A) Cambrian; wetter
B) Carboniferous; drier
C) Carboniferous; wetter
D) Cretaceous; drier
E) Cretaceous; wetter

Question 30

Which is the closest living nonvascular relative to vascular plants?

A) hornworts
B) liverworts
C) mosses
D) ferns
E) red algae

Question 31

The leaves of ferns are called ____.

A) epiphytes
B) stems
C) fronds
D) bracts
E) rhizomes

Question 32

Which mineral found in horsetails helps protect it from insects?

A) siderite
B) aluminum
C) silica
D) feldspar
E) amethyst

Question 33

Before the invention of modern abrasive cleansers, which feature of horsetails was used by humans to scrub pots and polish metals?

A) waxy spores
B) silica-rich leaves
C) lignin-rich leaves
D) cones at the tips of their stems
E) silica-rich stems

Question 34

Ferns, horsetails, and club mosses are _____.

A) seed-bearing vascular plants
B) gymnosperms
C) angiosperms
D) seedless vascular plants
E) nonvascular plants

Question 35

In seed plants, which develops into a female gametophyte?

A) megaspore
B) microsporangium
C) microspore
D) megasporangium 
E) sporophyte

Question 36

Most conifers are ____.

A) nonvascular
B) dikaryotic
C) deciduous
D) seedless
E) evergreen

Question 37

Gymnosperms are seed plants that produce seeds ____.

A) inside ovules
B) on the surface of ovules
C) inside fruits
D) on their waxy needles
E) from a microspore

Question 38

Which plants are seedless?

A) cycads
B) conifers
C) horsetails
D) ginkgos
E) tomatoes

Question 39

In seed plants, which develops into a pollen grain?

A) megaspore
B) microsporangium
C) microspore
D) female gametophyte
E) megasporangium

Question 40

If fertilization occurs in seed plants, a seed will develop from the ____.

A) gametophyte
B) ovary
C) ovule
D) pollen grain
E) zygote

Question 41

Most members of the phylum ____ are molds that grow on or through organic matter as a mass of hyphae.

A) Chytridiomycota
B) Zygomycota
C) Basidiomycota
D) Glomeromycota
E) Ascomycota

Question 42

Which plants are widely planted in cities because of their resistance to air pollution?

A) lycopods
B) ginkgos
C) cycads
D) conifers
E) grasses

Question 43

One reason angiosperms are more successful than gymnosperms is because gymnosperms lack _____.

A) seeds
B) megaspores
C) fruits
D) leaves
E) wood

Question 44

Which is an example of a monocot?

A) lily
B) daisy
C) rose
D) potato
E) cactus

Question 45

Which is an example of a eudicot?

A) orchid
B) palm
C) wheat
D) corn
E) cactus

Question 46

The only group of plants that produces flowers is the ____.

A) horsetails
B) ferns
C) bryophytes
D) angiosperms
E) gymnosperms

Question 47

The mature female gametophyte in an angiosperm ovule contains _____ cells.

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 48

Fungal cell walls consist primarily of ____.

A) cellulose
B) lignin
C) chitin
D) pectin
E) protein

Question 49

What is the sticky female region of a flower that is specialized for receiving pollen?

A) stamen
B) stigma
C) anther
D) ovary
E) endosperm

Question 50

The result of double fertilization in an angiosperm is ____.

A) two embryos
B) an embryo and a megaspore
C) an embryo and endosperm
D) an embryo and a pollen grain
E) an embryo and a female gametophyte

Question 51

What are mycelia?

A) a network of microscopic interwoven filaments
B) a strand of walled cells arranged end to end
C) composite organisms consisting of a fungus and a single-celled photosynthetic species
D) aquatic fungi that produce flagellated spores
E) mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots

Question 52

In all multicelled fungi, reproduction begins with ____.

A) fusion of male and female gametes
B) budding from diploid fruiting structures
C) hyphal fragmentation
D) fusion of gametophytes
E) fusion of haploid hyphae

Question 53

In flowering plants, pollen grains form in the flower's male parts called ____.

A) stamens
B) anthers
C) carpels
D) megaspores
E) endosperms

Question 54

The female part of a flower is known as the ____.

A) stamen
B) anther
C) carpel
D) megaspore
E) endosperm

Question 55

The most common mode of pollination in angiosperms occurs by _____.

A) birds
B) wind
C) water
D) insects
E) humans

Question 56

Flowering plants constitute ____ percent of all modern plant species.

A) 30
B) 50
C) 60
D) 75
E) 90

Question 57

The United States devotes more acreage to _____ than to any other crop.

A) wheat
B) corn
C) rice
D) potatoes
E) legumes

Question 58

Which plant is consumed by more people worldwide than any other crop?

A) wheat
B) corn
C) rice
D) potatoes
E) legumes

Question 59

After fertilization occurs in a flowering plant, the ovary becomes a(n) ____.

A) gametophyte
B) ovule
C) seed
D) fruit
E) endosperm

Question 60

All fungi are _____.

A) unicellular
B) multicellular
C) autotrophic
D) heterotrophic
E) photosynthetic

Question 65

On which human skin protein do fungal infections typically feed?

A) collagen
B) elastin
C) myosin
D) keratin
E) pepsin

Question 66

Most fungi provide an important ecological service by being ____.

A) primary producers
B) pollination vectors
C) colonizers
D) secondary consumers
E) decomposers

Question 67

Lichens are an important component in many ecosystems because they ____.

A) are primary producers
B) help form soil by breaking down rocks
C) are food for primary producers
D) trap small predators with their hyphae
E) form a mutualistic relationship with the roots of most plants

Question 68

Which are single-celled fungi?

A) molds
B) yeasts
C) club fungi
D) sac fungi
E) mildews

Question 69

Baker's yeast, which causes dough to rise, contains spores of a ____.

A) sac fungus
B) club fungus
C) glomeromycete fungus
D) mycorrhiza
E) lichen

Question 70

Many soil fungi take part in a mutualistic relationship with plant roots, known as _____.

A) mycelium
B) mycorrhiza
C) mycotoxin
D) lichen
E) hypha

Question 71

When the haploid hyphae of two different club fungus individuals fuse, which nuclear condition (known as ploidy) is produced?

A) 1 n
B) 2 n - n
C) 3 n
D) n + n
E) 2 n + n

Question 72

Club fungi spend most of their lives as ____ mycelium.

A) diploid
B) haploid
C) dikaryotic
D) mycokaryotic
E) triploid

Question 73

A composite organism consisting of a fungus and a single-celled photosynthetic species is called a ____.

A) mycorrhiza
B) rust
C) lichen
D) mycelium
E) chytrid

Question 74

The oldest fungal fossils resemble ____, a group of modern fungi.

A) lichens
B) yeasts
C) chytrids
D) amoebas
E) cyanobacteria