Deck 1: Theoretical Foundations in Literacy, Psychology, and the Arts

Question 1

Which of the following theories can be traced to Vygotsky?

A) Young children learn literate practice through first pretending.
B) Young children learn through observation and imitation of behaviors
C) Young children learn through real-world application.
D) Young children learn through supported interaction in social contexts.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the typical literacy developmental stage of 3- to 6-year-olds?

A) Children at this stage tend to love listening to stories, are attracted to colorful illustrations, and are in the scribbling stage of spelling development
B) Children at this stage tend to be learning sight words and story grammar, and they enjoy predictable, patterned books
C) Children at this stage tend to be learning inferential and critical comprehension skills, as well as decoding and phonics skills, and they enjoy choosing books to read
D) Children at this stage have not yet begun to develop literacy skills

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Asking children questions about what they are reading is an example of a teaching practice that could support cognitive literacy development.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Maslow developed a hierarchy of levels reflecting the needs of a total person. Which of the following is NOT included in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) physiological survival
B) belonging and acceptance
C) self-esteem and self-respect
D) motivation

Question 5

Which of the following set of strategies and practices is most likely to support holistic literacy development of 6 - to 9-year-olds ?

A) using technology to present information on a selected research topic, writing notes and drawing observations in a journal, and role-playing favorite characters
B) caring for pets and plants, interacting with nature through the five senses, and sorting objects by type, color, and number
C) writing a variety of genres, reading and comparing different forms of text on the same topic, and using technology to present information on a research topic
D) interpreting stories through the visual and performing arts, dancing in rhythm according to lyrics, and analyzing emotions in book illustrations

Question 6

Which of the following statements best describes the typical literacy developmental stage of children from birth to 3 years old?

A) Children at this stage tend to love listening to stories, are attracted to colorful illustrations, and are in the scribbling stage of spelling development
B) Children at this stage tend to be learning sight words and story grammar, and they enjoy predictable, patterned books
C) Children at this stage tend to be learning inferential and critical comprehension skills, as well as decoding and phonics skills, and they enjoy choosing books to read
D) Children at this stage have not yet begun to develop literacy skills.

Question 7

List five possible strategies for motivating young readers.

Question 8

Which stage of development describes the most advanced reader according to Sulzby's stages of emergent reading?

A) child looks at pictures and tells oral stories but the stories may not make sense
B) child looks at pictures and alternates between telling and "reading" oral stories
C) child looks at pictures and words to "read" the stories, sometimes quoting from the text
D) child looks primarily at words to read the stories

Question 9

Which four steps are necessary for modeling behavior according to Bandura's observational theory?

A) attention, motor reproduction, action, and motivation
B) attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation
C) attention, perception, retention, and recollection
D) retention, motor reproduction, motivation, and behaving

Question 10

Students' cognitive learning involves developing their abilities to focus and concentrate on learning tasks.

Question 11

Literacy development involves cognitive, socioemotional, and physical aspects.

Question 12

After reading a story as a class, an example of developmentally appropriate practice for 6- to 9-year-olds would be:

A) creating and sharing illustrations of an event in the story.
B) touching an object related to a story that is read aloud and exploring its textures
C) reading supplemental informational texts related to the topic and then creating a graphic organizer to compare and contrast ideas.
D) painting an illustration of the main character in the story using washable paint and their fingers

Question 13

Briefly describe what it means to provide developmentally appropriate instructional practice.

Question 14

Students' socioemotional learning involves developing their capacities to interact positively with and encourage others.

Question 15

According to the authors' Literacy Adaptation of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what needs must young children have met in order for them to develop self-realization and their creative potential?

Question 16

Allowing children to experiment with creative dance is an example of a teaching practice that could support socioemotional literacy development.

Question 17

Developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) does NOT involve making instructional decisions based on which of the following?

A) an understanding of child development
B) the specific strengths and needs of the child
C) the cultural context in which the child lives
D) the teacher's memory of him/herself as a child

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes the typical literacy developmental stage of 6- to 9-year-olds?

A) Children at this stage tend to love listening to stories, are attracted to colorful illustrations, and they are in the scribbling stage of spelling development.
B) Children at this stage tend to be learning sight words and story grammar, and they enjoy predictable, patterned books
C) Children at this stage tend to be learning inferential and critical comprehension skills, as well as decoding and phonics skills, and they enjoy choosing books to read.
D) Children at this stage have not yet begun to develop literacy skills.

Question 19

Which aspects of self are included in the holistic model of literacy (HML)?

A) cognitive, socioemotional, and physical
B) physical, creative, and literary
C) relational, physical, and social
D) cognitive, socioemotional, and creative

Question 20

Lowenfeld developed a theory of stages of artistic development. In order, the first three stages are:

A) the scribbling stage, the preschematic stage, and the schematic stage.
B) the preschematic stage, the scribbling stage, and the creative stage.
C) the preschematic stage, the scribbling stage, and the schematic stage.
D) the creative stage, the preschematic stage, and the schematic stage.

Question 21

Describe the typical literacy development trajectory for a child from birth to age 9. Give specific indicators you would expect to see at each stage of development. Describe the range of literacy skills and practices you would expect to see among a class of students in a first grade classroom.

Question 22

Consider the three interrelated concepts represented in the holistic model of literacy. Describe each and then describe their relationships to one another. Finally, describe an original literacy activity you can use in your classroom that would support students' holistic literacy development. Be sure to specify the age of students in your response.