Deck 10: Interpersonal Violence

Question 1

Rape involving people in some form of romantic relationship is known as _________.

Answer 1

date rape

Question 2

Traditionally, a legally married husband could not be charged with raping his wife; this was referred to as the _____________.

Answer 2

marital exemption

Question 3

___________________ is used in an attempt to improve the financial or social position of the criminal.

Answer 3

Instrumental violence

Question 4

__________________occurs when there are sexual relations between an underage (minor) victim and an adult.

Question 5

A homicide without malice is known as __________________.

Question 6

In prosecuting a rape case, it is essential to prove that the attack was forced and that the victim did not give _____.

Question 7

_________ homicides occur most often as felony murders during rapes, robberies, and burglaries, where the perpetrator applies too much force in completing the crime.

Question 8

In the __________________, a potent theme of violence influences lifestyles, the socialization process, and interpersonal relationships.

Question 9

In a series of research studies, criminologist Cathy Widom identified a ___________ in which physical abuse by parents or caregivers is a direct cause of subsequent violent behavior among youth.

Question 10

The belief that males must separate their sexual feelings from needs for love, respect, and affection is known as _________________.

Question 11

_______________protect women from being questioned about their sexual history unless it directly bears on the case.

Question 12

Research estimates reveal that as many as 25 percent or more of rapes involve multiple offenders; this is referred to as ____ rape.

Question 13

Passed in 1994, the ____________________ allows rape victims to sue in federal court on the grounds that sexual violence violates their civil rights; the provisions of the act have so far been upheld by appellate courts.

Question 14

During the _________ stage of the violentization process, a young victim develops a belligerent, angry demeanor as a result of being mistreated by abusive parents and caretakers.

Question 15

In his celebrated book  On Aggression , anthropologist Konrad Lorenz argued that aggressive energy is produced by _____________ that are independent of environmental forces.

Question 16

__________________ is designed not for profit or gain but to vent rage, anger, or frustration.

Question 17

_________________ is the death instinct and produces self-destruction.

Question 18

The __________ is the hypothesis that suggests that a childhood history of physical abuse predisposes survivors to becoming violent themselves in later life.

Question 19

___________________ is a condition marked by a persistent pattern of self-importance, need for admiration, lack of empathy, and preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love.

Question 20

______________ is a killing that accompanies a felony such as robbery or rape.

Question 21

_______________ involves the killing of four or more victims by one or a few assailants within a single event.

Question 22

In regard to serial killers, ______________strive for either sexual sadism or dominance. This is the most common form of serial murderer.

Question 23

___________ is considered one of the leading causes of occupational injury or death.

Question 24

Lonnie Athens links violence to early experiences with child abuse. Which is the proper ordering of how antisocial careers develop under this link?

A) brutalization process, virulency stage, violent performances
B) violent performances, brutalization process, virulency stage
C) virulency stage, violent performances, brutalization process
D) brutalization process, violent performances, virulency stage

Question 25

In her book Guilty by Reason of Insanity , Lewis found that death-row inmates have a history of mental impairment and:

A) childhood sexual abuse.
B) intellectual dysfunction.
C) past parental issues.
D) prior  violent offenses.

Question 26

_________ robbers have a low commitment to robbery and are the most likely to be caught.

Question 27

The link between substance abuse and violence occurs in three different ways. Violent behavior that results from a user's attempt to fund a drug habit is known as:

A) financial supportive behavior.
B) psychopharmacological relationship.
C) economic compulsive behavior.
D) a systemic link.

Question 28

Violent acts that vent rage, anger, or frustration are known as ________ violence.

A) instrumental
B) expressive
C) rational
D) irrational

Question 29

On average, about _____ students are killed each year at school, or on the way to or returning from regular sessions at school, or while the victim was attending or traveling to or from an official school-sponsored event.

Question 30

__________________ involves killing three or more persons in three or more separate events. In between the murders, the killer reverts to his or her normal lifestyle.

Question 31

Much of the difference in rates of violent crime between whites and racial minorities can be explained by minorities being forced to live in high-crime neighborhoods, which:

A) provide an inferior quality of schooling.
B) increases their risk of exposure to violence.
C) contains fewer social interaction opportunities.
D) lacks access to criminal networks.

Question 32

_______________ involves violence against women and girls by a family member or relative, and includes acts such as beating, battering, or killing.

Question 33

In regard to serial killers, ___________________________ are out for profit or want to protect themselves from a perceived threat.

Question 34

Childhood _____________________ is defined as the exploitation of a child through rape, incest, or molestation by a parent or other adult.

Question 35

_____ describes the process of how abused kids are turned into aggressive adults.

A) The violentization process
B) The aggressive process
C) The assault process
D) Violence development

Question 36

___________ or ___________ are violent acts directed toward a particular person or members of a group merely because the targets share a discernible racial, ethnic, religious, or gender characteristic.

Question 37

______________________is when parents are the target of abuse by their own children.

Question 38

_______________________ hate crimes are those perpetrated by a group-for example, skinheads or the KKK-who wish to eliminate any people who violate their religious or societal beliefs.

Question 39

Violent acts designed to improve the financial or social position of the criminal are known as ______ violence.

A) instrumental
B) expressive
C) rational
D) irrational

Question 40

_________ robbers steal to support their drug habits and have a low commitment to robbery because of its danger,s but a high commitment to theft because it supplies needed funds.

Question 41

Research studies estimate that as many as 25 percent or more of rapes involve multiple offenders; these are known as _____ rapes.

A) statutory
B) gang
C) serial
D) sadistic

Question 42

In which type of murder is intent present but malice is not?

A) nonnegligent manslaughter
B) negligent manslaughter
C) first-degree murder
D) second-degree murder

Question 43

Laws that protect women from being questioned about their sexual history unless it directly bears on the case are called _____ laws.

A) safeguard
B) immunity
C) exemption
D) shield

Question 44

Which of the following causal explanations for rape reflects the evolutionary view?

A) The sexual urge corresponds to the unconscious need to preserve the species by spreading one's genes as widely as possible.
B) Rape is a legitimate response if one's sexual advances are rebuffed.
C) Rape is a function of modern male socialization.
D) Rapists' infatuation and fixation with self drives them to seek power and control over those they deem to be inferior to themselves.

Question 45

In 2014, there were approximately how many murders?

A) 5000
B) 9500
C) 14,000
D) 26,000

Question 46

Rape by someone known to the victim, including family members and friends, is known as _____ rape.

A) acquaintance
B) honor
C) blitz
D) association

Question 47

When an attacker does not want to harm the victim as much possess the victim sexually, it is known as _____ rape.

A) anger
B) gang
C) serial
D) power

Question 48

Which is true regarding marital rape?

A) Many spousal rapes are accompanied by brutal, sadistic beatings.
B) When marital rapists are convicted, they are sanctioned more harshly than those accused of nonmarital sexual assaults.
C) Today, only three states recognize marital rape as a crime.
D) Instances of marital rape tend to be isolated, one-time events.

Question 49

During which stage of brutalization does the youth become belligerent and angry?

A) virulency stage
B) violent coaching
C) belligerency stage
D) violent performance stage

Question 50

Statutory rape refers to sexual relations between an adult and a(n):

A) elderly woman.
B) nonconsenting adult.
C) underage minor.
D) nonconsenting minor.

Question 51

Which type of murder refers to a killing that occurs when a person's acts are negligent and without regard for the harm they may cause others?

A) nonnegligent manslaughter
B) negligent manslaughter
C) first-degree murder
D) second-degree murder

Question 52

The belief that males must separate their sexual feelings from needs for love, respect, and affection is called:

A) hypermasculinity.
B) the brutalization process.
C) the virility mystique.
D) narcissistic personality disorder.

Question 53

When is rape most likely to occur?

A) March and April
B) May and June
C) July and August
D) September and October

Question 54

Date rape, statutory rape, and marital rape are subcategories of:

A) familial sexual assault.
B) acquaintance rape.
C) intrafamilial sexual assault.
D) serial rape.

Question 55

According to the most recent UCR data (2012), about ___________ rapes or attempted rapes are now being reported to U.S. police each year, a rate of about 30 per 100,000 inhabitants

A) 18,000
B) 55,000
C) 84,000
D) 121,000

Question 56

When researching a possible sexual motivation for rape, criminologists have found patterns in the research data indicating that:

A) younger rapists may be seeking sexual gratification.
B) older rapists may be seeking sexual gratification.
C) rapists of all ages may be seeking sexual gratification.
D) sexual gratification was not a motivation for rape.

Question 57

What percentage of murderers are male?

A) 30
B) 50
C) 70
D) 90

Question 58

Within subcultures of violence, it is considered appropriate for an individual who has been offended by a negative outcome in a dispute to seek reparations through violent means. This concept is termed:

A) the brutalization process.
B) thanatos.
C) disputatiousness.
D) malefic.

Question 59

A potent theme of violence that influences lifestyles, the socialization process, and interpersonal relationships is known as:

A) cultural retaliatory homicide.
B) the subculture of violence.
C) disputatiousness.
D) the brutalization process.

Question 60

Felony murder usually constitutes:

A) negligent homicide.
B) nonnegligent manslaughter.
C) first-degree murder.
D) second-degree murder.

Question 61

Violent acts directed toward a particular person or members of a group merely because the targets share a discernible racial, ethnic, religious, or gender characteristic are known as:

A) disparity crimes.
B) felony murders.
C) bias crimes.
D) hate crimes.

Question 62

The number of assaults has declined _____ percent in the past decade.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 30

Question 63

Perpetrators who believe that they are taking a defensive stand against outsiders who they believe threaten their community or way of life are committing a type of hate crime referred to as a _____ hate crime.

A) reactive
B) suggestive
C) thrill seeking
D) interpersonal/community

Question 64

What is the most common form of hate crime?

A) murder
B) simple assault
C) arson
D) i ntimidation

Question 65

Mass murder involves killing four or more victims by one or a few assailants within a single event. These single, uncontrollable outbursts are also termed ______ killings.

A) concurrent
B) outburst
C) spree
D) simultaneous

Question 66

Which is false regarding spousal abuse?

A) Police departments report that 10 to 20 percent of evening calls involve domestic disputes.
B) One in five high school girls may suffer sexual or physical abuse from a boyfriend.
C) Some males believe that society approves of spousal abuse.
D) Obsession with a wife's behavior, however trivial, can result in violent assaults.

Question 67

The type of robber looking for the "big score" is the:

A) opportunist robber.
B) professional robber.
C) addict robber.
D) alcoholic robber.

Question 68

The type of robber who has a low commitment to robbery because of its dangers, but a high commitment to theft because it supplies needed funds, is the:

A) opportunist robber.
B) professional robber.
C) addict robber.
D) alcoholic robber.

Question 69

Which is true regarding serial killers?

A) Just over 15 percent of serial killers are women.
B) Serial killers come from diverse backgrounds.
C) Most experts view serial killers as sociopaths who from early childhood demonstrate bizarre behavior.
D) All of these are true regarding serial killers.

Question 70

The crime that involves offensive touching such as slapping, hitting, or punching a victim is:

A) battery.
B) assault.
C) road rage.
D) aggravated assault.

Question 71

Which is not a myth about serial killers?

A) All serial killer victims are male.
B) All serial killers are isolated and dysfunctional loners.
C) All serial killers want to get caught.
D) All serial killers are Caucasian.

Question 72

The aggrieved party does nothing to rectify a conflict situation; over time, the unresolved conflict may be compounded by other events that cause an eventual eruption is known as:

A) sufferance.
B) prejudice.
C) stoicism.
D) amenableness.

Question 73

Workplace violence costs the American workforce approximately ______ per year, including lost work time, employee medical benefits, legal expenses, replacing lost employees and retraining new ones, decreased productivity, higher insurance premiums, raised security costs, bad publicity, lost business, and litigation.

A) $75 million
B) $150 million
C) $10 billion
D) $36 billion

Question 74

A hate crime motivated by revenge for another hate crime, either real or imaginary, which may spark further retaliation is known as a(n) ______ hate crime.

A) retaliatory
B) revenge
C) interpersonal
D) thrill seeking

Question 75

Any physical, emotional, or sexual trauma to a child for which no reasonable explanation, such as an accident, can be found is known as:

A) child abuse.
B) elder abuse.
C) a hate crime.
D) an assault.

Question 76

Who is most likely to engage in workplace violence?

A) a middle-aged white female facing termination
B) a middle-aged white male facing termination
C) a middle-aged minority female facing termination
D) a middle-aged minority male facing termination

Question 77

Psychological and emotional abuse that involves the spreading of smears, rumors, and private information in order to harm one's partner is known as:

A) flashes of anger.
B) relational aggression.
C) relationship abuse.
D) economic stability.

Question 78

Which type of murder requires the killer to have malice aforethought, but not premeditation or deliberation?

A) nonnegligent manslaughter
B) negligent manslaughter
C) f irst-degree murder
D) second-degree murder

Question 79

Female murderers are most likely to kill a:

A) coworker.
B) family member.
C) stranger.
D) friend.

Question 80

The type of robber who steals to obtain small amounts of money when an accessible target presents itself is the:

A) opportunist robber.
B) professional robber.
C) addict robber.
D) alcoholic robber.