Deck 11: Political Crime and Terrorism

Question 1

_________ organizations are composed of a large number of members who are located in rural areas .

Answer 1

Guerilla

Question 2

ELF is an example of a left-leaning _______________ group committed to the protection of the environment.

Answer 2

domestic terrorist

Question 3

As the only crime contained therein, the U.S. Constitution defines _________ as levying war against the United States or "… adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort."

Answer 3

treason

Question 4

__________________involves a breach of public trust and/or abuse of position by government officials and their private-sector accomplices .

Question 5

The first organized terrorist activities were committed by members of minority _________ groups .

Question 6

If the goal of a political criminal is ______, he or she conceals conventional criminal motivations behind a mask of conviction and altruism.

Question 7

When spying involves corporations and the bribing of employees to reveal trade secrets, the crime is referred to as __________________.

Question 8

___________________ terrorists  use violence to frighten those in power and their supporters in order to replace the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views.

Question 9

An international, fundamentalist Islamist organization known as _____________________ is comprised of independent and collaborative cells whose goal is reducing Western influence on Islamic affairs.

Question 10

The term __________________ is used to signify illegal acts that are designed to undermine an existing government and threaten its survival.

Question 11

__________________is illegal interference with the process of an election .

Question 12

The Aryan Nation, the Posse Comitatus, and the Ku Klux Klan are all examples of _______________________ terrorist groups.

Question 13

Terrorists have a(n) ________ focus and tend to operate in small bands.

Question 14

__________________ are perpetrated by state authorities against the people they are supposed to serve.

Question 15

The __________________ is sometimes used to justify torture and prevent another attack .

Question 16

The use of _________________ is controversial because there seems to be no agreement on whether it is torture or a relatively harmless instrument of interrogation .

Question 17

If someone engages in the crime of _________, that person obtains information about a government, organization, or society that is considered secret or confidential and does so without the permission of the holder of the information.

Question 18

The motivations behind political crimes may stem from _________ or _________ sources.

Question 19

Since the end of _______, terrorism has accelerated its development into a major component of contemporary conflict.

Question 20

Some political criminals are motivated by altruism or _________. They truly believe their crimes will benefit society and are willing to violate the law and risk punishment in order to achieve what they view as social improvement .

Question 21

The agency responsible for prevention terrorism within U.S. borders, along with disaster relief in the wake of a terrorist attack, is the ______________________.

Question 22

If a political criminal plots to overthrow an existing government and replace it with one that holds views he/she finds more acceptable, we would say that this criminal has ____ as a goal.

A) revolution
B) conviction
C) pseudo-conviction
D) profit

Question 23

Which goal of political criminals hopes to conceal conventional criminal motivations behind a mask of conviction and altruism?

A) revolution
B) pseudo-conviction
C) conviction
D) profit

Question 24

Under English common law, treason was punishable by being "drawn and quartered." How do many nations punish treason today?

A) life in prison
B) death penalty
C) deportation
D) taking away one's citizenship

Question 25

Affecting vote counts to bring about a desired election outcome, is an example of:

A) election fraud.
B) voting fraud.
C) vote tampering.
D) election swaying.

Question 26

Which is the goal of political criminals who are motivated by altruism and truly believe their crimes will benefit society and are willing to violate the law and risk punishment in order to achieve what they see as social improvement?

A) revolution
B) pseudo-conviction
C) conviction
D) profit

Question 27

Regardless of the organizational structure used, most terrorist groups subdivide their affiliates into _________for both organizational and security purposes.

Question 28

The __________________of terrorist motivation is that a lack of opportunity creates a sense of removal from society that motivates individuals to embrace terrorism.

Question 29

Political criminals who sell state secrets for personal enrichment or trafficking in stolen arms and munitions have which goal?

A) profit
B) pseudo-conviction
C) conviction
D) revolution

Question 30

The Tsarnaev brothers were motivated by ________, which is part of the ideological view.

Question 31

Because the concept of political crime is highly subjective, people who some label as terrorists may be viewed by others as:

A) oppressors.
B) freedom fighters.
C) saviors.
D) dissidents.

Question 32

In a 5 to  4 decision, the Supreme Court held that prisoners had the right to_________________ under the U.S. Constitution and that their arguments could be heard in the federal courts.

Question 33

The __________________, passed in 2001, provided new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies in an effort to fight terrorism. This legislation expanded all traditional tools of surveillance .

Question 34

Terrorist groups that become involved in common-law crimes such as drug dealing and kidnapping, and even selling nuclear materials, are known as _______________________.

Question 35

The Department of Homeland Security is responsible for securing our nation's borders and transportation systems, which include __________________  ports of entry.

Question 36

When the Patriot Act ended in 2015, it was replaced by the __________________ .

Question 37

In the ______ stage of the cognitive process of becoming a political criminal, the individual concludes that the undesirable condition is a product of injustice-that is, it does not apply to everyone.

A) "It's not right."
B) "You're evil."
C) "It's your fault."
D) "It's not fair."

Question 38

The __________________of terrorist motivation describes the typical terrorist as an emotionally disturbed individual who acts out his or her psychoses within the confines of violent groups.

Question 39

__________________involves groups that desire to impose their social and religious beliefs on others via the use of violence meant to influence, persuade, or intimidate.

Question 40

In the ______ stage of the cognitive process of becoming a political criminal, the individual concludes that since his country has let him down he is justified in joining a terrorist group or even taking matters in his own hands.

A) "It's not right"
B) "You're evil"
C) "It's your fault"
D) "It's not fair"

Question 41

Which refers to an act of disloyalty to one's nation or state?

A) Espionage
B) Treason
C) Fraud
D) Secret sharing

Question 42

______ use violence to frighten those in power and their supporters in order to replace the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views.

A) Freedom fighters
B) Revolutionary terrorists
C) Guerrillas
D) Insurgents

Question 43

(ELF and the ALF are examples of what type of terrorist group?

A) Retributive terrorists
B) Cult terrorists
C) Nationalist terrorists
D) Eco-terrorists

Question 44

Which of these involves spying on potential or actual enemies?

A) Espionage
B) Treason
C) Fraud
D) Secret sharing

Question 45

_________terrorists use violence to frighten those in power and their supporters in order to replace the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views.

A) Retributive
B) Political
C) Revolutionary
D) State-sponsored

Question 46

Which is a political crime perpetrated by state authorities against the people they are supposed to serve?

A) Government crime
B) Official crime
C) Political crime
D) State political crime

Question 47

Domestic terrorist groups such as white supremacists and religious revolutionists are members of which type of terrorist group?

A) right-wing
B) left-wing
C) modern
D) morality

Question 48

The "ticking bomb" scenario is used to justify what type of state political crime?

A) illegal imprisonment
B) torture
C) illegal domestic surveillance
D) waterboarding

Question 49

An act that is intended to disrupt and change the government and is not merely a common-law crime committed for greed or egotism is:

A) espionage.
B) terrorism.
C) fraud.
D) election fraud.

Question 50

_____ were Hebrew warrior groups who were active during the Roman occupation of Palestine during the first century.

A) Terrorists
B) Zealots
C) Insurgents
D) Guerrillas

Question 51

If a state environmental agency were to fail to enforce laws, resulting in the pollution of public waterways, it would be an example of what type of state political crime?

A) Human rights violations
B) State violence
C) State corporate crime
D) Political corruption

Question 52

The use of torture was brought to attention in 2007 because of the CIA's routine use of which of the following techniques?

A) waterboarding
B) electric shock
C) hitting
D) interrogation

Question 53

Why is treason the only crime mentioned in the U.S. Constitution?

A) Because the legal codes of some colonies contained differing definitions of treason, the Constitution needed to provide a definition that ensured uniformity.
B) Because the legal codes of some colonies did not contain the crime of treason.
C) Because American colonists feared giving their central government the amount of power wielded by the English king.
D) All of these are reasons why treason is the only crime mentioned in the U.S. Constitution.

Question 54

Militia extremists would be considered this type of terrorist.

A) Nationalist terrorists
B) Political terrorists
C) Revolutionary terrorists
D) Retributive terrorists

Question 55

During the Iraq war, the term ___ began to be used to describe the forces opposed to American involvement.

A) revolutionary
B) terrorist
C) insurgent
D) guerilla

Question 56

Al-Qaeda is a _____ terror organization that believes there is a war of civilizations in which "Jews and Crusaders" want to destroy Islam and must therefore be defeated.

A) retributive
B) nationalist
C) revolutionary
D) political

Question 57

The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) and the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) are examples of _____ terror organizations.

A) retributive
B) nationalist
C) revolutionary
D) political

Question 58

During World War II, those who expressed resistance to the occupying German troops were considered ______ by other Germans.

A) freedom fighters
B) heroes
C) terrorists
D) insurgents

Question 59

The term _____ means terrorism involving citizens or the territory of more than one country.

A) political terrorism
B) domestic terrorism
C) global terrorism
D) international terrorism

Question 60

Most terrorist organizations operate:

A) in terror cells.
B) together in a centralized location.
C) across a small geographical areas.
D) in the same pod.

Question 61

Voter or election fraud is a contemporary crime with roots in recently formed third-world countries.

Question 62

The FBI has seen a 53-percent increase in economic espionage cases aimed at U.S. companies, leading to the loss of hundreds of billions of dollars.

Question 63

Intimidation does not rise to the level of election fraud.

Question 64

Until 1996, no federal statute explicitly penalized industrial espionage.

Question 65

Some terrorists, like the Tsarnaev brothers, were motivated by extreme __________, which often coincides with ideological views.

A) religious beliefs
B) status frustration
C) peer pressure
D) financial obligations

Question 66

Some political criminals are motivated by altruism or conviction.

Question 67

Which country is not one of the three that is responsible for more than 50 percent of all terrorist acts?

A) Ukraine
B) Iraq
C) Pakistan
D) Afghanistan

Question 68

A feeling of injustice is one potential motive for a political crime.

Question 69

Policy experts suggest that an effective way to deal with terrorism is to:

A) increase military presence in countries known to harbor terrorists.
B) undermine support for terrorism by being a benevolent nation-builder that gives aid to nations housing terror groups.
C) cut terrorist access to the Internet and other forms of communications and message dissemination.
D) make greater use of military law to convict and sentence apprehended terrorists.

Question 70

Critics of the USA Patriot Act are concerned that it erodes:

A) international support.
B) economic stability.
C) military operations.
D) civil rights.

Question 71

Which is not a specifically assigned mission of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)?

A) Preventing terrorist attacks within the United States
B) Reducing America's vulnerability to terrorism
C) Expanding surveillance of cyberspace to identify terrorists
D) Minimizing the damage and recovery from terrorist attacks that occur

Question 72

The victims of public corruption are the general public, who pay for corruption through inflated costs and sometimes higher taxes.

Question 73

Political crime undermines existing governments and threatens their survival.

Question 74

Robert Hanssen, a former counterintelligence agent for the FBI, is a famous example of high-profile Americans committing the crime referred to as espionage.

Question 75

The Civil Rights section of Title 18 of the federal criminal code protects the right of all citizens to vote and campaign for office.

Question 76

The crime of treason is one of several specifically mentioned in the U.S. Constitution.

Question 77

A nation whose government has lost control of its own territory, is unable to provide public services and protection, and lacks the ability to interact with other states as a full member of the international community is known as a(n):

A) failed state.
B) dropout factory.
C) terrorist factory.
D) site of alienation.

Question 78

The USA Patriot Act, enacted after the terrorist attacks of September 11^th,:

A) gave sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies.
B) provided funding for an increased military presence in the Middle East.
C) outraged the majority of American citizens, who demanded its immediate repeal.
D) failed to include a provision to allow for the monitoring of cable-based records and systems

Question 79

Stalin was able to carry out his reign of terror in Russia because his victims were viewed as state enemies who were trying to undermine the Communist regime. This is an example of ____________ terrorism.

A) state-sponsored
B) dictator-fueled
C) concentric zone
D) political

Question 80

Another explanation for terrorist activity is that a lack of opportunity creates a sense of _________that motivates men and women to embrace terrorism.

A) alienation
B) discomfort
C) revenge
D) frustration