Deck 12: Property Crime

Question 1

In contrast to occasional thieves, __________________ make a significant portion of their income from crime.

Answer 1

professional criminals

Question 2

In the crime of larceny, _____________ is willingly giving up temporary physical possession of property but retaining legal ownership.

Answer 2

constructive possession

Question 3

__________________were public meeting places that served as headquarters for gangs in the eighteenth century.

Answer 3

Flash houses

Question 4

A buyer and seller of stolen merchandise is often referred to as a ________________.

Question 5

____________________ buy and sell stolen property as one of the many ways they make a living.

Question 6

The critical role of a "merchant" in criminal transactions has been recognized since the eighteenth century; a _________ is a buyer and seller of stolen merchandise.

Question 7

_________ are usually respectable persons who do not conceive of themselves as thieves, but are systematic shoplifters who steal merchandise for their own use.

Question 8

Of the approximately 6 million larcenies recorded each year by the UCR, about ________________ percent are shoplifting incidents.

Question 9

Professionals who make a living by passing bad checks are known as _________________.

Question 10

_________ is a type of theft that occurs when a gunman forces a car's owner to give up the keys.

Question 11

As a group, _________ move freely in sparsely populated areas and transport goods such as spirits, gems, and gold.

Question 12

________ larceny is a felony punishable by a sentence in state prison.

Question 13

___________ typically work in the larger cities, such as London and Paris, and include pickpockets, forgers, and counterfeiters, who operate freely.

Question 14

A common method of swindling money out of an innocent victim is known as the ________.

Question 15

__________________is the concept that describes occasional property crimes occurring when an opportunity is available.

Question 16

__________________ constitute the majority of forgers who do not believe their actions will hurt anyone.

Question 17

An act in violation of the criminal law that is designed to bring financial gain to the offender is known as _________________.

Question 18

To encourage the arrest of shoplifters, a number of states have passed _______________________ designed to protect retailers and their employers from litigation stemming from improper or false arrests of suspected shoplifters.

Question 19

__________________are not professional criminals; instead their decision to steal is spontaneous and their acts are unskilled, unplanned, and haphazard.

Question 20

The taking of goods from a retail store without payment is known as _______________________.

Question 21

Public meeting places, often taverns, that served as headquarters for gangs and thieves in the eighteenth century were known as:

A) flash houses.
B) pigeon drops.
C) booster shops.
D) cannon houses.

Question 22

__________________ involves a business owner burning his or her property, or hiring someone to do it, to escape financial problems.

Question 23

The process of depositing a check from one bank account into a second bank account without sufficient funds to cover it is known as ________________________. 

Question 24

The __________________ fire setter sets fires because his or her parents are careless with matches and lighters.

Question 25

_________ is a crime that occurs when someone who is trusted with property fraudulently converts it.

Question 26

In the nineteenth century, these two new forms of theft appeared as a result of changes in society:

A) train robbery and safecracking.
B) fraud and false pretenses.
C) gambling and fire setting.
D) stage coach robbery and mail banditry.

Question 27

_________________involve putting dummy or disabled goods on display while the real merchandise is kept under lock and key.

Question 28

A _______ burglary is one that fulfills a sexual fantasy but involves neither victim contact nor material gain.

Question 29

The crime of __________________ involves a wrongdoer's misrepresenting a fact in a way that causes a victim to willingly give his or her property to the wrongdoer, who then keeps it.

Question 30

Misrepresenting a fact in a way that causes a victim to willingly give his or her property to the wrongdoer, who then keeps it, is known as:

A) factual pretense.
B) fraud.
C) naïve pretense.
D) opportunistic pretense.

Question 31

By the eighteenth century, which type of property criminals lived in the country and supplemented their diet and income with game that belonged to a landlord?

A) Skilled thieves
B) Smugglers
C) Poachers
D) Animal thieves

Question 32

Approximately _____ percent of those arrested for burglary are male.

Question 33

_________ is a term used to describe a condition in which people from a middle-class background, with little identification with a criminal subculture, cash bad checks because of a financial crisis that demands an immediate resolution.

Question 34

A device with a false bottom that can be opened and shut by a professional shoplifter, lined with metal or another substance to prevent security tags from setting off alarms, and placed over merchandise is known as a(n) __________________.

Question 35

Professional burglars use this title to characterize colleagues who have distinguished themselves as burglars: ______.

Question 36

Eighteenth-century thieves who moved freely in sparsely populated areas and transported goods, such as spirits, gems, gold, and spices, without bothering to pay tax or duty were known as:

A) skilled thieves.
B) poachers.
C) smugglers.
D) burglars.

Question 37

A burglar who has technical competence, maintains personal integrity, specializes in burglary, and who financial success and the ability to avoid prison sentences is called a __________________.

Question 38

A _______ burglary is characterized by rapes occurring in homes and involving theft, violence, and weapons.

Question 39

At one time, most auto theft was the work of _____; however, there appears to be a change in this pattern with the export of stolen vehicles becoming a global problem.

Question 40

Burglary has declined about _____ percent during the last decade.

Question 41

Which is false regarding larceny?

A) Taking a firearm from a home or car is automatically considered grand larcency.
B) If money and/or property is taken directly from a person, anything over $5 is considered grand larceny.
C) The categorization of larceny has no influence on the level of punishment.
D) Grand larceny generally requires theft of property valued at more than $200.

Question 42

Occasional property crimes occur when there is an opportunity or ______ inducement.

A) situational
B) systematic
C) enticing
D) compelling

Question 43

Usually respectable persons who do not conceive of themselves as thieves, but are systematic shoplifters who steal merchandise for their own use, are called:

A) boosters.
B) professional criminals.
C) burglars.
D) snitches.

Question 44

Which of the following earns his or her living solely by buying and reselling stolen merchandise?

A) opportunistic thief
B) professional thief
C) petty thief
D) fence

Question 45

Sutherland's concept of professional theft has two critical dimensions. First, thieves engage in limited types of crime. The second requirement is the:

A) exclusive use of wits, front, and talking ability.
B) exclusive use of professional fences and local banking institutions.
C) exclusive use of professional fences and offshore banking institutions.
D) exclusive use of observation, media reports, and Internet information

Question 46

In contrast to occasional thieves, criminals who make a significant portion of their income from crime are known as:

A) proficient offenders.
B) professional criminals.
C) specialized criminals.
D) trained offenders.

Question 47

______ buy and sell stolen property as one of the many ways that they make a living. They typically keep some of the profit and sell the rest in the neighborhood.

A) Neighborhood hustlers
B) Amateur receivers
C) Associational fences
D) Associated receivers

Question 48

The best-known account of professional theft is the life of Chic Conwell, in _____________ classic book The Professional Thief .

A) Edwin Sutherland's
B) Lawrence Craft Driscoll's
C) Paul Klenowski's
D) Robert Merton's

Question 49

Which term is used to describe the use of a stolen check, which is then endorsed and cashed or deposited by someone other than the payee?

A) Altered checks
B) Check kiting
C) Forged endorsements
D) Organized diving

Question 50

Which of the following is not a characteristic required of a successful fence?

A) upfront cash
B) avoidance of law enforcers
C) connections with buyers
D) knowledge of dealing

Question 51

Using dummy or disabled goods for retail display while having the real merchandise kept under lock and key, a technique used with high-cost electronic devices, is known as:

A) a target-removal strategy.
B) a target-hardening strategy.
C) an electronic surveillance system.
D) source tagging.

Question 52

A type of auto theft involving gunmen approaching a car and forcing the owner to give up the keys is known as:

A) carjacking.
B) joyriding.
C) prestige-jacking.
D) situational inducement.

Question 53

A buyer and seller of stolen merchandise is known as a:

A) snitch.
B) booster.
C) cannon.
D) fence.

Question 54

Criminal acts designed to bring financial reward to an offender are known as:

A) financial crimes.
B) situational inducements.
C) economic crimes.
D) fiscal crimes.

Question 55

Complete strangers approached in a public place by someone offering a great deal on valuable commodities would be called:

A) amateur receivers.
B) associational fences.
C) professional fences.
D) neighborhood hustlers.

Question 56

Which is true regarding systematic check forgers?

A) They are risk-prone when faced with a situation that is unusually stressful for them.
B) They constitute a relatively large segment of the total population of check forgers.
C) They make a substantial living by cashing bad checks.
D) They are usually isolated people, unsuccessful in their personal relationships.

Question 57

Professional shoplifters who steal with the intention of reselling stolen merchandise to pawnshops or fences are known as:

A) cannons or receivers.
B) good burglars.
C) heels or boosters.
D) snitches.

Question 58

Amateur criminals whose decisions to steal are spontaneous and whose acts are unskilled, unplanned, and haphazard are known as:

A) professional criminals.
B) situational criminals.
C) snitches.
D) occasional criminals.

Question 59

_____ fences are amateur fences who barter stolen goods for services.

A) Assistant
B) Associational
C) Baby
D) Opportunity

Question 60

Car theft, usually motivated by a teenager's desire to acquire the power, prestige, sexual potency, and recognition associated with an automobile, is known as:

A) carjacking.
B) joyriding.
C) prestige-jacking.
D) situational inducement.

Question 61

The fact that some arsonists are motivated by severe emotional turmoil, antisocial behavior, and psychopathology supports the claim that arson should be viewed as a(n) _______ problem.

A) social work
B) intellectual
C) mental health
D) medical

Question 62

When caught, shoplifters try to rationalize their behavior: Cromwell and Thurman found widespread use of which social process theory?

A) Neutralization theory
B) Social bond theory
C) Labeling theory
D) Differential enforcement theory

Question 63

Theft is a phenomenon unique to modern times; the theft of personal property has not been known throughout recorded history.

Question 64

To combat losses from credit card theft, Congress passed a law in 1971 limiting a person's liability to ___ per stolen card.

A) $0
B) $50
C) $500
D) $1,000

Question 65

Approximately ______ percent of those arrested for burglary are male.

A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 80

Question 66

By the eighteenth century, three separate groups of property criminals were active: skilled thieves, smugglers, and poachers.

Question 67

Arson ____ involves a business owner burning his or her property to escape financial problems.

A) profit
B) embezzlement
C) relief
D) fraud

Question 68

In states that enact laws specifying different degrees of burglary, the most serious and heavily punished crimes involve:

A) daytime forced entry into a nonresidential structure.
B) nighttime forced entry into a residential structure.
C) nighttime forced entry into a commercial building.
D) daytime forced entry into a commercial building.

Question 69

A business owner hires somebody to burn their business in hopes of collecting insurance money. This type of arson is known as:

A) arson fraud.
B) revenge arson.
C) arson for profit.
D) situational arson.

Question 70

The _________ fire setter uses fire setting to retaliate or cover up their activities.

A) "playing with matches"
B) "crying for help"
C) "delinquent"
D) "severely disturbed"

Question 71

Prevention strategies to reduce or eliminate shoplifting include which of the following?

A) electronic article surveillance
B) source tagging
C) target removal
D) all of these are prevention strategies to reduce shoplifting

Question 72

A ____________ burglary is one that is motivated to fulfill a sexual fantasy but involves neither victim contact nor material gain.

A) versatile noncontact
B) versatile contact
C) fetishistic noncontact
D) sexually oriented contact

Question 73

Embezzlement is distinguished from fraud on the basis of:

A) whether the act occurred against an organization or an individual.
B) the number of actors "working the scheme."
C) the dollar value of what was taken and the absence of a weapon in perpetrating the criminal act.
D) when the criminal intent was formed and whether a serious breach of trust has taken place.

Question 74

Which element would have legally constituted burglary during the late middle ages?

A) an occurrence during daylight hours
B) an occurrence by an invited guest
C) an occurrence during nighttime hours
D) an occurrence involving an item worth less than $10

Question 75

A ____________ burglary is one where the criminal rapes the victim at home, but rarely involves theft, violence, or weapons.

A) versatile noncontact
B) versatile contact
C) fetishistic noncontact
D) sexually oriented contact

Question 76

The majority of check forgers who do not believe their actions will hurt anyone and usually cash bad checks because of a financial crisis are referred to as _______ forgers.

A) constructive check
B) systematic check
C) good check
D) naïve check

Question 77

Which is not a characteristic of a "good burglar"?

A) technical competence
B) maintenance of personal integrity
C) specialization in burglary
D) financial need

Question 78

A burglar who has technical competence, maintains personal integrity, specializes in burglary, has financial success, and has the ability to avoid prison sentences is known as a(n)_______ burglar.

A) professional
B) occupational
C) high-end
D) commercial

Question 79

Economic crimes can be defined as acts in violation of the criminal code designed to bring financial reward to an offender.

Question 80

Most naïve check forgers come from ____ backgrounds and have little identification with a criminal subculture.

A) lower-class
B) middle-class
C) upper-class
D) poverty-level