Deck 5: Depressants

Question 1

Identical twins are about __________ as likely as fraternal twins to resemble each other in terms of the presence of alcoholism.

A) half
B) equally
C) twice
D) three times

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Chronic ___________ use leads to cirrhosis of the liver, damage to the heart muscle and nerve damage.

A) heroin
B) fentanyl
C) acetaldehyde
D) alcohol

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Approximately _____ adult Americans consume alcohol.

A) one out of every three
B) two out of every three
C) three out of every four
D) four out of every five

Answer 3

B

Question 4

__________ often carry a gene that makes them physically ill and flushed before they can consume an addicting amount of alcohol.

A) Hispanics
B) Native Americans
C) Asians
D) Middle Easterners

Question 5

Oxycodone is the active ingredient of ________, and is also found in medications such as Percodan and Tylox.

A) OxyContin's
B) Morphine's
C) Benzodiazepine's
D) Propoxyphene's

Question 6

__________ compounds are often sold as "China White," the street name for the finest Southeast Asian heroin, to addicts who cannot tell the difference.

A) Thiamine (vitamin B1)
B) Fentanyl
C) Acetaldehyde
D) Glutamine

Question 7

Endorphins enable organisms to deal with psychological stress by ____________.

A) slowing the breathing
B) reducing the blood pressure
C) lowering the level of motor activity
D) all of these

Question 8

Heroin depletes the neurotransmitter ___________________.

A) norepinephrine
B) dopamine
C) serotonin
D) clonidine

Question 9

Alcohol ______________.

A) reinforces both GABA and NMDA activity
B) reduces both GABA and NMDA activity
C) reduces GABA activity while reinforcing NMDA activity
D) reinforces GABA activity while reducing NMDA activity

Question 10

Most long-term alcoholics suffer from Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a deficiency in:

A) thiamine (vitamin B1)
B) fentanyl
C) acetaldehyde
D) glutamine

Question 11

Unlike other drugs of abuse, alcohol __________________.

A) provides calories
B) is a food
C) is partially eliminated through the lungs and urine
D) all of these

Question 12

____________________ was part of a class of drugs introduced as barbiturate substitute in the belief that they would be safer.

A) Fentanyl
B) Methadone
C) Buprenorphine
D) Methaqualone

Question 13

________________ is a synthetic version of morphine prescribed for chronic or long-lasting pain.

A) Codeine
B) Oxycodone
C) PCP
D) Heroin

Question 14

Regular use of moderate daily amounts of alcohol ______________.

A) promotes psychological health and well-being
B) presents no threat of dependency
C) can produce psychological dependence
D) can produce psychological and physical dependence

Question 15

There are about _____ derivatives of barbituric acid.

A) 35
B) 90
C) 165
D) 2,500

Question 16

Barbiturates are classified _________________.

A) by the barbituric acid content
B) by the recommended dosage
C) by the speed with which they are metabolized
D) all of these

Question 17

Physicians often use the less addictive drug __________ to relieve heroin withdrawal symptoms.

A) norepinephrine
B) dopamine
C) serotonin
D) clonidine

Question 18

Genetic factors _______________-.

A) are a direct cause of alcoholism
B) are a direct cause of drug abuse
C) are a direct cause of both alcoholism and drug abuse
D) influence the development of alcoholism, but do not directly cause it

Question 19

Benzodiazepines are referred to pharmacologically as ____________________.

A) agonists
B) polydrugs
C) sedative-hypnotics
D) antagonists

Question 20

The liver converts alcohol to __________, which in high levels causes permanent liver damage.

A) thiamine (vitamin B1)
B) fentanyl
C) acetaldehyde
D) glutamine

Question 21

Barbiturates are often used for their _________ effects.

A) intoxicating
B) depressing
C) stimulating
D) lasting

Question 22

There are approximately ________ annual prescription painkiller overdose fatalities.

A) 17,000
B) 18,000
C) 19,000
D) 20,000

Question 23

Because heroin is illegal, there is no way for the user to determine the level of _____.

A) opium
B) poison
C) purity
D) danger

Question 24

Ingested intravenously, heroin has a ____ second onset.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25

Question 25

3-methyl fentanyl is approximately _______ times as potent as morphine.

A) 1,500
B) 3,000
C) 4,500
D) 6,000

Question 26

Chemical variations of drugs are referred to as ________________.

A) agonists
B) antagonists
C) designer drugs
D) analogs

Question 27

There are four different effects of heroin: the rush, the _____, the nod, and being straight.

A) feel
B) lag
C) high
D) low

Question 28

Often prescribed for stress and anxiety, benzodiazepines are safer and have fewer side effects than barbiturates.

Question 29

The purported health benefits of moderate drinking have been challenged because they have not been subjected to randomized long-term clinical studies.

Question 30

Rohypnol is known on the street as "rophies."

Question 31

Rohypnol, although not approved for use in the United States, is prescribed in about seventy countries for the short-term treatment of ________.

A) back aches
B) high blood pressure
C) acne
D) insomnia

Question 32

The DEA reports that more than _______ tons of opium or its equivalent in poppy straw concentrate are legally imported each year into the United States.

A) 400
B) 450
C) 500
D) 550

Question 33

Cocaine abusers have reported using Rohypnol to ease themselves down from a cocaine or crack binge.

Question 34

Common short-term effects of ____________________ include drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, and mood swings.

A) benzodiazepine
B) barbiturates
C) heroin
D) alcohol

Question 35

Heroin has been banned in the United States since ______.

A) 1920
B) 1924
C) 1930
D) 1934

Question 36

Analogs designed by underground chemists are known as _______________.

A) agonists
B) antagonists
C) designer drugs
D) agonist compounds

Question 37

A wide variety of studies clearly establish direct causal links between genetic factors and alcoholism.

Question 38

________ enable the organism to deal with "psychological pain," stress, by curbing an autonomic overreaction and producing calm.

A) Methamphetamines
B) Endorphines
C) Synapses
D) Dopamines

Question 39

In 2006, _____ mixed with and sold as heroin was responsible for killing hundreds of people in cities from Chicago to Philadelphia.

A) thiamine (vitamin B1)
B) fentanyl
C) acetaldehyde
D) glutamine

Question 40

Since passage of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, all __________ of controlled substances have themselves become controlled substances.

A) agonists
B) antagonists
C) designer drugs
D) analogs

Question 41

Discuss the dangers related to barbiturate use.

Question 42

Fentanyl is classified as a narcotic.

Question 43

Since 1924 heroin has been used in the United States for medical use as an analgesic.

Question 44

First introduced in 1995, __________ is a synthetic version of morphine classified by the DEA as a Schedule II drug.

Question 45

The euphoria produced by heroin is referred to as the __________.

Question 46

As with opiates, tolerance develops to _____________; but in contrast to opiates there is a fatal dosage level.

Question 47

The state of unawareness produced by heroin, described by addicts as being "out of it," is referred to as the __________.

Question 48

The term ________ is a contraction of the term endogenous morphine .

Question 49

Explain the effects and dangers of alcohol

Question 50

Most patients cannot tell the difference between heroin and morphine in equivalent doses.

Question 51

The feeling of general well-being produced by heroin is referred to as the __________.

Question 52

A very dangerous side effect of heroin is that it depresses the __________ centers in the brain.

Question 53

Discuss which drugs are often related to "date rape".

Question 54

Women have less gastric acid and will absorb about 30 percent more alcohol than men.

Question 55

Explain how heroin is manufactured.

Question 56

The synthetic drug, ________________ which is often used intravenously in major surgery, works exactly like the opiates.

Question 57

Kratom is derived from the heroin poppy seed.

Question 58

_________________ are used primarily as sedatives for the treatment of insomnia and as anticonvulsants to help prevent or mitigate epileptic seizures.

Question 59

The body reacts to stress by secreting two types of chemical __________: hormones in the blood and neurotransmitters in the brain.

Question 60

Discuss the relationship between stress and addiction.