Deck 22: Nutrition and Energy for Life

Question 1

Which of the following nutritional guidelines is now officially endorsed in the United States?

A)Minimum Daily Requirements (MDR)
B)Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
C)Daily Value (DV)
D)more than one response is correct

Answer 1

Daily Value (DV)

Question 2

Complementary protein food combinations are especially important to individuals who are following a

A)high protein diet.
B)lacto-ovo vegetarian diet.
C)vegan diet.
D)More than one response is correct.

Answer 2

vegan diet.

Question 3

Minerals needed by the body are in the form of _____ .

A)free elements
B)ions
C)compounds
D)More than one response is correct.

Answer 3

More than one response is correct.

Question 4

Which fat-soluble vitamin is essential for the proper utilization of calcium and phosphorous in the body?

A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin E
D)Vitamin K

Question 5

According to current studies, the percentage of the daily calories in the average American diet that comes from carbohydrates is _____ .

A)too low
B)too high
C)about right
D)unknown

Question 6

Calcium is a mineral that is required by humans for

A)bone and teeth formation.
B)blood production.
C)blood buffer system.
D)More than one response is right.

Question 7

What is a risk(s)of a vegetarian diet?

A)hypertension
B)low intake of essential amino acids
C)deficient in vitamins
D)more than one response is correct

Question 8

Which fat-soluble vitamin is involved in the process of blood clot formation?

A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin E
D)Vitamin K

Question 9

Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is associated with good vision?

A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin E
D)Vitamin K

Question 10

Most lipids contained in food and in the human body are of what type _____ .

A)phospholipids
B)sphingolipids
C)triglycerides
D)unknown

Question 11

Consuming fiber can be the cause of constipation, but fiber is important. How does one avoid constipation and still ingest fiber?

A)Reduce the amount of fiber to a very small portion of the diet.
B)Ignore the recommendations and don't eat fiber.
C)Drink plenty of water along with the suggested amount of fiber.
D)There is no way to avoid problems when eating fiber.

Question 12

Which of the following is a trace mineral in the body?

A)copper
B)calcium
C)potassium
D)more than one response is correct

Question 13

Which of the following water-soluble vitamins is known to function in the body as a coenzyme?

A)niacin
B)folacin
C)biotin
D)more than one response is correct

Question 14

What is a risk(s)of male having a waist over 40 inches?

A)some types of cancer
B)stroke
C)heart disease
D)all of these

Question 15

Which of the following is correctly called a complex carbohydrate?

A)sucrose
B)lactose
C)fructose
D)starch

Question 16

The Vitamin C deficiency disease is _____ .

A)pellagra
B)beriberi
C)scurvy
D)pernicious anemia

Question 17

Which of the following is a good source of unsaturated fatty acids?

A)butter
B)corn oil
C)lard
D)more than one response is correct

Question 18

Which of the following is not classified as either a micronutrient or macronutrient?

A)fiber
B)carbohydrates
C)vitamins
D)lipids

Question 19

Which of the following are important contributions made by dietary lipids?

A)good energy sources
B)provide essential fatty acids
C)help carry fat-soluble vitamins through the body
D)more than one response is correct

Question 20

The diet of a vegan is

A)mostly vegetable materials, but some fish and dairy products.
B)any foods except red meat, and products from red meats.
C)vegetable materials and no meats or animal products.
D)fruits, fish, and eggs, but no red meats.

Question 21

In which stage of the extraction of energy from food does digestion take place?

A)I
B)II
C)III
D)More than one response is correct.

Question 22

The ultimate source of energy for all biological processes is _____ .

A)the sun
B)fermentation
C)aerobioglycolysis
D)anaerobioglycolysis

Question 23

Coenzyme A is derived in part from which of the following?

A)pantothenic acid
B)riboflavin
C)niacin
D)thiamine

Question 24

Which of the following contains the greatest amount of energy that could be used by a biological system?

A)AMP
B)ADP
C)ATP
D)STP

Question 25

The source of carbon for carbohydrate synthesis is

A)decaying vegetable matter.
B)decaying animal matter.
C)atmospheric CO₂.
D)atmospheric CO.

Question 26

Which of the following groups is transferred by Coenzyme A?

A)acetyl
B)methyl
C)ethyl
D)hydroxyl

Question 27

In which stage of extraction of energy from food is ATP formed?

A)I
B)II
C)III
D)More than one response is correct.

Question 28

Which of the following uses of minerals in the body is consistent with the fact that trace minerals are required in very small quantities?

A)components of bones, teeth, etc.
B)principal ions in most body fluids
C)components of enzymes
D)More than one response is correct.

Question 29

The most common reaction of digestion is _____ .

A)esterification
B)saponification
C)hydrolysis
D)addition

Question 30

The chief use of acetyl Coenzyme A is to provide fuel for

A)glycolysis.
B)the electron transport chain.
C)the anaerobic sequence.
D)the citric acid cycle.

Question 31

One of the products of photosynthesis is _____ .

A)O₂
B)CO₂
C)H₂O
D)More than one response is correct.

Question 32

Most cellular ATP is produced within the _____ .

A)nucleus
B)mitochondria
C)chloroplast
D)cytoplasm

Question 33

Which of the following vitamins serve as part of the coenzyme FAD?

A)thiamine
B)niacin
C)riboflavin
D)retinol

Question 34

Which of the following processes is exothermic?

A)photosynthesis
B)synthesis of fats
C)the anaerobic sequence
D)the citric acid cycle

Question 35

An enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of an alcohol would most likely be accompanied by the coenzyme _____ .

A)FAD
B)NAD⁺
C)A
D)FADH₂

Question 36

Of the major minerals, ____ is the most abundant in an average person.

A)sodium
B)chloride
C)phosphorus
D)calcium

Question 37

An enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of − CH₂ − CH₂ to − CH=CH − would most likely be accompanied by the coenzyme _____ .

A)A
B)NAD⁺
C)NADH
D)FAD

Question 38

Which of the following is correctly classified as a catabolic process?

A)An enzyme is synthesized from amino acids.
B)Glycogen is formed from glucose.
C)Glucose is converted to CO₂ and water.
D)Body fat is formed from fatty acids and glycerol of the body.

Question 39

ATP is hydrolyzed to provide energy

A)almost immediately after begin formed.
B)after a short period of storage (about one hour).
C)after supplies of ADP become exhausted.
D)after being released from storage deports in adipose tissue.

Question 40

Reactions requiring energy often occur with the simultaneous hydrolysis of ___ .

A)acetyl CoA
B)glucose
C)ATP
D)P_i

Question 41

Riboflavin is a component used in the production of which species?

A)NAD⁺
B)FAD
C)coenzyme A
D)ATP

Question 42

Of the following substances, which would be needed by the body in the largest amount?

A)P
B)Zn
C)Se
D)Mo

Question 43

What is a possible side effect of creatine use?

A)muscle cramping
B)dehydration
C)muscle strain
D)all the choices

Question 44

Most B vitamins cannot be stored by the human body.  One, however, can be stored in the liver.  This vitamin is _____.

A)folic acid
B)riboflavin
C)niacin
D)biotin

Question 45

Consider the diagram of a mitochondrion shown below.  What does the number 4 represent?

A)cristae
B)matrix
C)intermembrane space
D)More than one answer is correct.

Question 46

Of the trace minerals, ____ is the most abundant in an average person.

A)copper
B)iron
C)iodine
D)manganese

Question 47

The abbreviation for the compound shown?

A)ATP
B)ADP
C)AMP
D)P_iP_i

Question 48

Which of the following is true about an incomplete protein.

A)Sufficient is all amino acids.
B)Typically obtained from animal sources.
C)Generally comes from plant sources.
D)Rich in essential amino acids.

Question 49

Consider the following three substances.
The correct classification of the substance listed is what?

A)Number 1 is a major mineral.
B)Number 2 is a trace mineral..
C)Number 3 is a macronutrient..
D)All of these.

Question 50

What units are used for protein, vitamins and minerals on food labels?

A)Reference Daily Intakes (RDI)
B)Daily Reference Values (DRV)
C)Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
D)Food Guide Pyramid (FGP)

Question 51

Which of the following high energy hydrolysis reactions that occur in cells produce the most energy, has the largest change in Gibbs free energy when measured at body conditions ( −Δ G⁰')?

A)phosphocreatine + H₂O
B)ATP + H₂O
C)phosphenolpyruvate + H₂O
D)carbamoyl phosphate + H₂O

Question 52

For the reaction,
Which designation should be placed over the arrow?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 53

Substances required in large amounts by the body are called _____ .

A)micronutrients
B)essential nutrients
C)macronutrients
D)nonessential nutrients

Question 54

What property would lead scientists to believe that mitochondria once existed as separate bacteria?

A)They have a size similar to bacteria.
B)They have their own DNA.
C)Their biochemistry is different from other parts of a cell.
D)More than one answer is correct.

Question 55

On which of the following vitamins can a person overdose?

A)Vitamin B₁₂
B)folic acid
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin E

Question 56

Which of the following is not considered to be a coenzyme?

A)coenzyme A
B)NAD⁺
C)ADP
D)FAD

Question 57

The vitamin B₁ (thiamin)deficiency disease is _____ .

A)pellagra
B)beriberi
C)scurvy
D)anemia

Question 58

What would be the products of the following reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 59

During a metabolic pathway the following reaction produced 3.00 moles of product.  If Δ G°' for the hydrolysis of ATP is -7.3 kcal\mol, how much energy would be involved?

A)7.3 kcal released
B)7.3 kcal absorbed
C)22 kcal absorbed
D)22 kcal released

Question 60

A patient comes to you suffering from anemia; what trace mineral(s)would you recommend they increase in their diet?

A)iron
B)nickel
C)iodine
D)all of these

Question 61

Several micronutrients are components of enzymes.

Question 62

The reactive site in NADH is the phosphate groups.

Question 63

A function of ATP is to provide the energy for the movement of materials across the cell membrane.

Question 64

Lipids are a source of energy and are a source of essential fatty acids.

Question 65

The simple sugar, deoxyribose, is found in ATP.

Question 66

The sum of all reactions in a living cell is called catabolism.

Question 67

Energy is generally consumed during anabolism.

Question 68

Although other substances are considered to be macronutrients, carbohydrates are the only macronutrient humans must have daily.

Question 69

Energy flows through the biosphere; energy is not cycled.

Question 70

The letter "A" in ATP stands for adenosine.

Question 71

The anabolic pathway converts food energy to ATP.

Question 72

The amount of protein that should be included in the diet depends on the age and life status of the individual.

Question 73

The 2000-Calorie diet was chosen as the standard because all humans require 2000 calories daily.

Question 74

Which of the following terms is the legal definition of a food that has less than 40 dietary calories per serving?

A)calorie free
B)low calorie
C)reduced calorie
D)light

Question 75

ATP contains more available energy than ADP.

Question 76

Coenzyme A can transfer several types of acyl groups.

Question 77

Proteins are eaten to help the body by providing the amino acids that are difficult to produce; proteins could be omitted from the diet.

Question 78

Which of the following is considered an essential amino acid?

A)lysine
B)arginine
C)glycine
D)glutamate

Question 79

ATP is continuously regenerated in the cell.

Question 80

Coenzyme A is derived from citric acid.