Deck 12: The Liquids and Solids Around Us: Especially Water

Question 1

Which substance would have the highest vapor pressure?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
B)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
C)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
D)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
E)The vapor pressure is about the same for all of the listed molecules.

Answer 1

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃

Question 2

Which of these correctly describes solids with a well-ordered structure?

A)Cohesive
B)Crystalline
C)Amorphous
D)Neat
E)Compressed

Answer 2

Crystalline

Question 3

Which substance has the highest boiling point?

A)Ne
B)Kr
C)He
D)Xe
E)Ar

Answer 3

Xe

Question 4

Which of these substances would you expect to have the lowest boiling point?

A)Diamond
B)Graphite(pencil lead)
C)Water
D)Pentane
E)Lead

Question 5

Which of the statements about liquids is incorrect ?

A)Liquids are highly disordered when compared with solids.
B)Liquids have high molecular motion when compared with solids.
C)Liquids have a relatively fixed shape when compared with solids.
D)Liquids have strong molecular attractions when compared with gases.
E)Liquids have a relatively low compressibility when compared with gases.

Question 6

Which substance has the lowest boiling point?

A)Br₂
B)F₂
C)I₂
D)Cl₂
E)D and C

Question 7

Which of these statements about boiling point is \are  incorrect ?
I. Boiling occurs when there is  sufficient molecular energy to convert a liquid to a gas.
II. The stronger the cohesive forces the higher the boiling point.
III. Boiling results in the cleavage of chemical bonds.

A)I only
B)II only
C)III only
D)I and III
E)II and III

Question 8

Which substance has the greatest dispersion force?

A)CH₄
B)F₂
C)He
D)Cl₂
E)O₂

Question 9

Which of these statements about cohesive forces is\ are correct ?
I. In the absence of cohesive forces, most substances would be solids.
II. Cohesive forces result in the formation of liquid droplets or spheres.
III. A spherical shape minimizes surface-area to volume ratio.

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and III
D)II and III
E)I and II

Question 10

Which of these statements about liquids is \are  correct?
I. Increased molecular motion will result in increased rate of evaporation.
II. Liquids will take the shape of their container.
III. Liquids have relatively low compressibility.

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II
D)II and III
E)I, II, and III

Question 11

Which of these describes the process by which a liquid molecule at the surface of a liquid escapes to the gas phase?

A)Melting
B)Sublimation
C)Evaporation
D)Deposition
E)Condensation

Question 12

Which substance has the greatest dispersion force?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
B)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
C)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
D)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
E)The dispersion force is about the same for all of the listed molecules.

Question 13

Which of these substances would have the weakest cohesive forces in combination with extremely high molecular mobility?

A)H₂O(l)
B)CH₄(g)
C)KCl(s)
D)N₂(l)
E)Au(s)

Question 14

Which of these factors do not affect the melting point of a substance?

A)Cohesive forces
B)Temperature
C)Molecular motion
D)Molecular structure
E)All of these will affect the melting point.

Question 15

Which of the statements about solids is\ are correct ?
I. Solids have lower kinetic energy than liquids.
II. Molecules within solids are in fixed positions.
III. The shape of a solid is independent of the container which holds it.

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II
D)II and III
E)I, II,  and III

Question 16

Crystal structure is most important:

A)in gases.
B)in liquids.
C)in solids.
D)in all three phases.
E)when a phase change occurs.

Question 17

Which statement (s)about dispersion forces is \are incorrect ?

A)Dispersion forces are sometimes called London forces.
B)Dispersion forces are the weakest of all cohesive forces.
C)Dispersion forces increase with an increase in molar mass.
D)Dispersion forces result in the establishment of a permanent dipole within a molecule.
E)All of these statements are correct.

Question 18

Arrange CH₄, Cl₂, and CO₂ in order of increasing strength of dispersion forces (least to the greatest).

A)CH₄< CO₂< Cl₂
B)Cl₂< CO₂ < CH₄
C)CH₄< Cl₂< CO₂
D)Cl₂< CH₄< CO₂
E)CO₂ < Cl₂< CH₄

Question 19

The point at which a liquid is converted to a gas is known as the ____.

A)boiling point
B)melting point
C)sublimation point
D)deposition point
E)freezing point

Question 20

Which of these substances would have the strongest cohesive forces in combination with the greatest molecular mobility?

A)H₂O(l)
B)CH₄(g)
C)KCl(s)
D)O₂(g)
E)Au(s)

Question 21

Which of these substances is polar?

A)F₂
B)N₂
C)Ne
D)CH₄
E)NH₃

Question 22

Rank Ne, HBr, CH₃OH and Ar in order of increasing strength of cohesive forces (least to greatest).

A)Ne < HBr < CH₃OH < Ar
B)Ar < CH₃OH < HBr < Ne
C)Ne < Ar < CH₃OH < HBr
D)Ne < Ar < HBr < CH₃OH
E)Ar < Ne < CH₃OH < HBr

Question 23

Substance A contains stronger cohesive forces than substance B. Which is true?

A)Substance A will have a higher boiling point and higher vapor pressure than substance B.
B)Substance A will have a lower boiling point and lower vapor pressure than substance B.
C)Substance A will have a lower boiling point and higher vapor pressure than substance B.
D)Substance A will have a higher boiling point and lower vapor pressure than substance B.
E)Cannot tell from the given information.

Question 24

Which of these substances, existing as a liquid, contains hydrogen bonds?
I. NH₃
II. H₂O
III. C₂H₅OH
IV. CH ₃CH₃

A)I only
B)II, III, and IV
C)I and II
D)II and III
E)I, II, and III

Question 25

Which of these substances would exhibit dipole forces?

A)NCl₃
B)Cl₂
C)SiH₄
D)CCl₄
E)CO₂

Question 26

Which of these substances would have the highest vapor pressure?

A)CH₃OH
B)C₂H₆
C)SO₂
D)H₂O
E)NH₃

Question 27

Which of these substances contains the strongest cohesive forces?

A)HBr
B)CH₃F
C)CH₃OH
D)CH₃OCH₃
E)SiH₄

Question 28

Which of these substances would have the highest vapor pressure?

A)CH₃Cl
B)NH₃
C)CH₄
D)H₂O
E)HBr

Question 29

Which of these substances would exhibit dipole forces?

A)N₂
B)SO₂
C)SiH₄
D)BeCl₂
E)CO₂

Question 30

Molarity is defined to be moles of ________ per liter of __________.

A)solvent, solution
B)solution, solvent
C)solute, solution
D)solution, solute
E)none of the above

Question 31

The stronger the cohesive forces in a substance:

A)the higher the boiling point and the melting point.
B)the lower the boiling point and higher the melting point.
C)the lower the boiling point and the melting point.
D)the higher the boiling point the lower the melting point.
E)Boiling and melting point are independent of forces.

Question 32

Liquids which vaporize easily and have high vapor pressures are known as ____.

A)volatile liquids
B)nonvolatile liquids
C)explosive liquids
D)cohesive liquids
E)adhesive liquids

Question 33

Hydrogen bonding occurs in which of the following?

A)Hydrogen molecules.
B)All molecules that contain hydrogen.
C)Molecules that contain hydrogen and either nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.
D)Molecules that contain hydrogen bonded to either nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.
E)More than one of the above is correct.

Question 34

Which substance would have the lowest vapor pressure?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
B)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
C)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
D)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
E)The vapor pressure is about the same for all of the listed molecules.

Question 35

Rank Ne, HBr, CH₃OH and Ar in order of increasing boiling point (lowest to highest).

A)Ne < HBr < CH₃OH < Ar
B)Ar < CH₃OH < HBr < Ne
C)Ne < Ar < CH₃OH < HBr
D)Ne < Ar < HBr < CH₃OH
E)Ar < Ne < CH₃OH < HBr

Question 36

Which of these substances contains hydrogen bonds?

A)HBr
B)CH₃F
C)CH₃OH
D)CH₃OCH₃
E)SiH₄

Question 37

Which of these substances is polar?

A)CO₂
B)SO₂
C)Cl₂
D)CH₄
E)BF₃

Question 38

The dominant intermolecular attractive force between CH₃Cl molecules is:

A)dipole forces.
B)dispersion forces.
C)hydrogen bonding.
D)London forces.
E)volatile forces.

Question 39

Rank NH₃, SiH₄, CH₄ and in order of increasing boiling point (lowest to highest).

A)NH₃ < SiH₄ < CH₄
B)NH₃ < CH₄ < SiH₄
C)SiH₄ < NH₃ < CH₄
D)SiH₄ < CH₄ < NH₃
E)CH₄ < SiH₄ < NH₃

Question 40

Which of these substances is not polar?

A)H₂O
B)SO₂
C)HF
D)CCl₄
E)CH₃F

Question 41

Which of these is a benefit of water's unique freezing properties?

A)Water insulates lakes which freeze on the surface in the winter.
B)Icebergs sink to the bottom of the ocean cooling volcanic eruptions.
C)Water is so small that it contributes little to erosion.
D)Freezing of cells allows for extended preservation of the cells.
E)Flash freezing results in the destruction of a food sample.

Question 42

A 1.00 M solution is equivalent to:

A)a 1.00 ppm solution
B)a 1.00% solution
C)a 1.00ppb solution
D)an 18.00% solution
E)cannot tell from the given information

Question 43

A 5% acetic acid solution contains ____ grams of acetic acid per ____ grams of solution.

A)5, 10
B)95, 100
C)100, 500
D)5, 500
E)50, 1000

Question 44

How many grams of CaCl₂ are in 35.00 mL of a 0.237 M solution of CaCl₂? (molar mass CaCl₂ = 111 g\mol)

A)0.307 g
B)0.460 g
C)0.920 g
D)1.84 g
E)3.75 g

Question 45

What is the concentration in molarity of a solution made by dissolving 20.0 grams of KOH in 150. mL of H₂O?

A)0.133 M
B)0.421 M
C)2.37 M
D)4.35 M
E)7.5 M

Question 46

Drinking water contains 175 ppm of dissolved CaCO₃ per liter. How many grams of CaCO₃ are in 2.00 L of water?

A)0.0035 g
B)0.0175 g
C)0.035 g
D)0.175 g
E)0.350 g

Question 47

Which of these substances makes up the largest fraction of water on the planet?

A)Rain clouds
B)Oceans
C)Ground water
D)Lakes
E)Ice caps

Question 48

What are the units of molarity?

A)Grams per mole
B)Grams per liter
C)Moles per liter
D)Molecules per liter
E)Molecules per mole

Question 49

Which of these statements about water is correct ?

A)Water has a high boiling point.
B)Water expands when it freezes.
C)Water is the most abundant liquid on the planet.
D)Water molecules form  hydrogen bonds.
E)All of these are correct statements.

Question 50

Ethylene glycol is the primary component in antifreeze. How many grams of ethylene glycol, C₂H₄(OH)₂ are in 394 mL of a 9.087 M solution of antifreeze? (molar mass C₂H₄(OH)₂ = 62 g\mol)

A)222 g
B)43.7 g
C)3.58 g
D)2.69 g
E)0.157 g

Question 51

What is the concentration in molarity when 10.00 grams of K₃PO₄ is dissolved in H₂O to give 350. mL of solution? (molar mass of K₃PO₄ = 212.3 g\mol)

A)0.0285 M
B)0.0565 M
C)0.121 M
D)0.135 M
E)0.607 M

Question 52

Which of these is \are  not a unique property \properties of water?
I. Expands when it freezes
II. Nonpolar molecules
III. A good solvent

A)I only
B)I and III
C)II only
D)II and III
E)III only

Question 53

What fraction of water on the planet is in readily usable forms like streams and lakes?

A)98%
B)47%
C)2.6%
D)14%
E)0.014%

Question 54

What is the percent by mass of hydrogen gas dissolved in palladium metal if 0.89 g of hydrogen is in 215 g of palladium metal?

A)0.0041%
B)0.41%
C)2.4%
D)4.1%
E)41%

Question 55

A 4.50 L sample of sea water which contains 32.7 mg of strontium. Determine the concentration of strontium in mg\L.

A)0.138 mg\L
B)7.27 mg\L
C)28.2 mg\L
D)32.7 mg\L
E)37.2 mg\L

Question 56

Which of these is not a unit for measuring the concentration of solutions?

A)M
B)m
C)ppm
D)atm
E)mg\L

Question 57

What is the concentration of a solution made by dissolving 90.0 g of acetic acid, CH₃COOH, in water to give .250 L of solution? (molar mass CH₃COOH = 60.0 g\mol)

A)1.20 M
B)2.00 M
C)6.00 M
D)0.600 M
E)0.360 M

Question 58

Which of these is not a method for measuring the concentration of a solution?

A)Percent by mass
B)Percent by volume
C)Molarity
D)Parts per million
E)All of the above can be used to measure concentration.

Question 59

A part per million is roughly equivalent to:

A)g\mL
B)mg\mL
C)g\L
D)mg\L
E)none of the above

Question 60

1.00 ppm is equivalent to:

A)1.00 %
B)0.100 %
C)0.0100 %
D)0.000100 %
E)0.0000010 %

Question 61

Which of these is a result of dumping human waste near or directly into ground or surface waters?

A)hard water
B)soft water
C)biological contaminants
D)chemical contaminants
E)both C and D

Question 62

Which of these is an organic contaminant?

A)lead
B)mercury
C)asbestos
D)nitrates
E)gasoline

Question 63

What percentage of the world's sickness is caused by water-borne diseases?

A)0.041%
B)4.7%
C)26%
D)80%
E)98%

Question 64

Which of these water treatment systems removes organic contaminants?

A)carbon filtering
B)water softening
C)reverse osmosis
D)coagulation
E)chlorination

Question 65

Which of these is not a source for chemical contamination of ground water?

A)human waste
B)pesticides
C)industrial wastes
D)atmospheric emissions
E)household solvents

Question 66

Which of these types of water contamination pose immediate health risks upon consumption?

A)organic
B)radioactive
C)biological
D)lead
E)volatile organic

Question 67

"Blue baby" is caused the presence of which of the following in drinking water?

A)benzene
B)nitrogen
C)organic contaminants
D)biological contaminants
E)nitrates

Question 68

Which of these is an inorganic contaminant?

A)benzene
B)carbon tetrachloride
C)TCE
D)nitrates
E)gasoline

Question 69

Which of these is not a disadvantage of "hard water"?

A)"bathtub ring"
B)health hazards
C)scaly deposits on fixtures
D)decreases soap effectiveness
E)All of these are disadvantages of "hard water."

Question 70

Which of these elements are the primary components in "hard water"?
I. magnesium
II. iron
III. calcium
IV. sodium

A)I only
B)III only
C)II and III
D)I and III
E)II and IV