Deck 7: Courts and the Quest for Justice

Question 1

Appellate courts _____________ ​

A)hear cases de novo.
B)determine the defendant's guilt or innocence.
C)determine questions of fact.
D)determine questions of law.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The_____________function of the court is concerned with protecting the rights of individual citizens against the power of the state.

A)due process
B)crime control
C)rehabilitation
D)bureaucratic

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A public civil officer or official with limited judicial authority within a particular geographic area, such as the authority toissue an arrest warrant, is __________ ​

A)a federal judge.
B)a police officer.
C)a magistrate.
D)a public prosecutor.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The authority tohear a particular case is known as a court's __________ ​

A)adjudication.
B)the judge's prerogative.
C)jurisdiction.
D)the statutes.

Question 5

Courts having original jurisdiction are courts of the first instance, otherwise known as __________ ​

A)appellate courts.
B)jurisdiction courts.
C)state supreme courts.
D)trial courts.

Question 6

Constitutional guarantees, such as the right tocounsel, the right toa jury trial, and protection from self-incrimination, are part of which function? ​

A)Crime control
B)Due process
C)Bureaucratic
D)Public protection

Question 7

Lower courts that have jurisdiction over one specific area of criminal activity, such as illegal drugs or domestic violence, are called ____________ ​

A)problem-solving courts.
B)courts of limited jurisdiction.
C)courts of general jurisdiction.
D)trial courts.

Question 8

The court's legitimacy is based on twofactors: impartiality and ________ ​

A)independence.
B)the judge's prerogative.
C)jurisdiction.
D)the statutes.

Question 9

The federal court system has____________U.S. Courts of Appeals, alsoreferred toas U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals.

A)10
B)7
C)16
D)13

Question 10

Statements in which judges express the reasons for the court's decision in a case are __________ ​

A)verdicts.
B)opinions.
C)recommendations.
D)oral arguments.

Question 11

Which of the following is NoT  a decision made by appellate court judges? ​

A)Whether there should be additional charges
B)Whether a lower court decision should be reversed and remanded
C)Whether a lower court decision of the case should stand
D)Whether a case should be reviewed by the lower court

Question 12

If the U.S. Supreme Court orders a lower court tosend it the record of a case for official review, a(n)_____________ is issued tothe lower court toofficially notify that court of its intent toreview. ​

A)subpoena.
B)writ of habeas corpus.
C)writ of duces tecum.
D)writ of certiorari.

Question 13

The ____________ function of the court is concerned with speed and efficiency.

A)due process
B)crime control
C)rehabilitation
D)bureaucratic

Question 14

Drug courts, juvenile courts, domestic courts, and elder courts are all examples of _________ ​

A)municipal courts.
B)probate courts.
C)specialty courts.
D)trial courts of general jurisdiction.

Question 15

The_______________of the court has its historical roots in the medical model of criminal justice.

A)rehabilitative function
B)bureaucratic function
C)due process function
D)treatment function

Question 16

The lowest tier of the federal court system is the ___________ ​

A)county court.
B)U.S. Court of Appeals.
C)municipal court,.
D)U.S. District Court.

Question 17

The U.S. Supreme Court consists of one chief justice along with   ____associate justices. ​

A)7
B)8
C)9
D)10

Question 18

Courts whohandle misdemeanors and some civil matters are referred toas _____ ​

A)courts of general jurisdiction.
B)courts of limited jurisdiction.
C)courts of unlimited jurisdiction.
D)felony courts.

Question 19

Which of the following courts is primarily considered as a "reviewer" of judicial decisions? ​

A)Appellate courts
B)Jurisdictional courts
C)original jurisdiction courts
D)Trial courts

Question 20

The United States has____________different and separate judicial systems.

A)2
B)1 3
C)52
D)94

Question 21

The level of charge tobe brought against a suspect is determined by the _________ ​

A)judge.
B)lead detective.
C)arresting officer.
D)prosecutor.

Question 22

Which amendment provides for the right tocounsel? ​

A)The Fourth Amendment
B)The Fifth Amendment
C)The Sixth Amendment
D)The Eighth Amendment

Question 23

A___________________opinion is a separate opinion prepared by judges whosupport the decision of the majority of the court but whowant toexpress their own particular reasoning.

A)concurring
B)dissenting
C)duces tecum
D)writ of certiorari

Question 24

During the pretrial, the_______takes on the role of the negotiator.​

A)defense attorney
B)judge
C)prosecutor
D)public defender

Question 25

The due process function of the court emphasizes punishment and retribution. ​

Question 26

The U.S. military has jurisdiction over active personnel whocommit crimes, even if those crimes occur outside the course of duty. ​

Question 27

The list of cases entered on a court's calendar tobe subsequently heard in that particular court is known as the court's ____________ ​

A)Arraignment.
B)affidavit.
C)docket.
D)schedule of intent.

Question 28

During the pretrial process, the ___________ holds a great deal of discretion as towhether an individual whohas been arrested by the police will be charged. ​

A)defense attorney
B)judge
C)public defender
D)prosecutor

Question 29

An appellate court will rarely question a jury's decision; instead, the appellate judges will review the manner in which the facts and evidence were provided tothe jury, and rule on whether errors were made in the process. ​

Question 30

An election where a political party, such as the Republicans or Democrats, openly support a candidate for a judgeship is known as a(n)___________ ​

A)nonpartisan election.
B)open election.
C)partisan election.
D)primary election.

Question 31

In the courtroom work group, whois responsible for maintaining security and order in the judge's chambers and in the courtroom? ​

A)Bailiff
B)Clerk of court
C)Court reporter
D)Private security

Question 32

Attorney-client privilege does not apply when _____________ ​

A)the client provides information on a crime that he or she plans tocommit.
B)the client admits toa past offense.
C)the client admits tomurder.
D)the client admits toparticularly heinous sexually based offenses.

Question 33

In the courtroom work group, whois responsible for recording every word that is said during the course of trial? ​

A)Bailiff
B)Clerk of court
C)Court reporter
D)Solicitor

Question 34

The U.S. Supreme Court will not issue a writ of certiorari unless at least____________justices approve of it.

A)two
B)four
C)three
D)nine

Question 35

Criminal jurisdiction is determined by the presiding judge where the alleged crime took place. ​

Question 36

In the current criminal justice system, each party involved in a courtroom dispute has an equal chance topresent its case and is secure in the belief that nooutside factors are going toinfluence the decision rendered by the court. ​

Question 37

In the courtroom work group, whois responsible for maintaining the large amount of paperwork generated during a trial, including transcripts, photographs, evidence, and any other records? ​

A)Bailiff
B)Clerk of court
C)Court reporter
D)Solicitor

Question 38

Trial courts are primarily concerned with determining guilt or innocence. ​

Question 39

The Supreme Court unanimously held that "any person brought tocourt, whois toopoor tohire a lawyer, cannot be assured a fair trial unless counsel is provided for him." This case was ____________ ​

A)Furman v. Georgia.
B)Gideon v. Wainwright.
C)Strickland v. Washington.
D)United States v. Zolin.

Question 40

The __________ is the chief law officer of any state.

A)attorney general
B)chief court justice
C)chief judge
D)governor's inspector general

Question 41

There is noabsolute right toappeal tothe U.S. Supreme Court. ​

Question 42

Every state has at least one federal district court. ​

Question 43

The____function of the courts emphasizes punishment and retribution. ​

Question 44

Alaska is the only U.S. state that does not have one court of appeals (known as an appellate, or reviewing, court). ​

Question 45

The__________________________is the separate but interrelated court system of the United States, made up of the courts at the national level and the individual court systems housed at the state level.​

Question 46

The situation that occurs when twoor more courts have the authority topreside over the same criminal case is called____    jurisdiction. ​

Question 47

Minor criminal matters, such as traffic violations, prostitution, and drunk and disorderly conduct, are typically handled in courts with limited jurisdiction. ​

Question 48

Judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys typically donot cooperate with one another. ​

Question 49

____________________are public civil officers or officials with limited judicial authority within a particular geographic area.

Question 50

_____________________is the process by which one jurisdiction surrenders a person accused or convicted of violating another jurisdiction's criminal law tothe second jurisdiction.

Question 51

It is possible for a person towaive his or her Sixth Amendment right toan attorney and act as his or her own defense attorney. ​

Question 52

The clerk of the court has an exhausting list of responsibilities, including recording every word that is said in the courtroom. ​

Question 53

Many states have created______________________________, which retain jurisdiction over very narrowly defined areas of criminal justice including drugs, veterans' matters, and juvenile violations.

Question 54

Most judges in the United States work at the federal level. ​

Question 55

Prosecutors in every state and in the federal government are elected officials and must answer tothe voters. ​

Question 56

As most cases are decided through plea bargains rather than through trial proceedings, the judge often offers his or  her services as a negotiator tohelp the prosecution and the defense "make a deal." ​

Question 57

The ranking FBI agent in a given state is considered tobe the chief law enforcement officer of that state. ​

Question 58

If a defendant provides less than truthful information, there is noattorney-client privilege. ​

Question 59

The power to"speak the law" refers to___________________________. ​

Question 60

The courtroom work group consists of the judge and jury. ​

Question 61

T he U.S. Supreme Court will not issue a writ of certiorari unless at least four justices approve it; this is known as the _________________________. ​

Question 62

Contrast the structure of a typical state court system with federal court system. ​

Question 63

What is jurisdiction? Explain briefly the difference between geographic and subject-matter jurisdiction. Explain what happens with regard tojurisdiction if a person has committed a state and federal crime. ​

Question 64

The_______________is the dominant figure in the courtroom and therefore exerts the most influence over the values and norms of the work group.

Question 65

In __________ elections a judicial candidate declares allegiance toa political party. ​

Question 66

The________________________________is responsible for maintaining security and order in the judge's chambers and the courtroom.

Question 67

_______________________is the power of a court toreview the actions of the executive and legislative branches and, if necessary, declare those actions unconstitutional.

Question 68

The court of final resort in the United States is the________________.

Question 69

In the role of______________________, the judge is responsible for seeing that the trial unfolds according tothe dictates of the law and that the participants in the trial donot overstep any legal or ethical bounds.

Question 70

_______________________________are separate opinions in which the judges disagree with the conclusion reached by the majority of the court and expand on their own views about the case.

Question 71

At the present time, there are__________________________federal district courts in the United States.

Question 72

Each courtroom has a(n)________________________or calendar of upcoming cases.

Question 73

Explain the dual court system of the United States. ​

Question 74

Judges can grant a(n)________________tothe attorneys, which is additional time toprepare for the trial.

Question 75

Explain the difference between trial and appellate courts. ​

Question 76

___________ court judges-including the justices of the Supreme Court-are appointed by the president of the  United States, and are subject tothe approval of the Senate. ​

Question 77

Written statements by the judges expressing the reasons for the court's decision in a case are commonly known as  ____________________. ​

Question 78

The Supreme Court does not normally hear any evidence; instead it bases its decision on the written record of the case and____________________________________, which are the arguments presented in person rather than on paper.

Question 79

Explain the different functions of the court. ​

Question 80

Explain how a case is brought before the Supreme Court. ​