Deck 3: Human Processes and World Regions

Question 1

Mercantile colonialism required huge migrations of people to extract the Earth's resources, including 30 million slaves and contracted workers from Africa, India, and China to work mines and plantations around the globe.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

There is a large gap in the gross domestic product purchasing power parity GDP [PPP] of more developed countries (MDCs)and less developed countries (LDCs), as average (GDP [PPP])in the MDCs is about five times greater than the GDP [PPP] in the LDCs. ​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Geographers view current population growth as a positive, because more people create more resources. ​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Most of the world's population lives in more developed countries. ​

Question 5

More developed countries (MDCs)have high gross domestic products (GDPs)and high energy uses.

Question 6

The Agricultural Revolution began in Europe around 15,000 years ago.

Question 7

LDCs often draw down their ecological capital faster than nature can replace it, causing them to exceed sustainable yield, the highest rate at which a renewable resource can be used without decreasing its potential for renewal.

Question 8

Hunters and gathers lived primarily in stationary, fixed dwellings. ​

Question 9

Countries in the Southern Hemisphere tend to be poorer than countries in the Northern Hemisphere. ​

Question 10

One hypothesis for the Agricultural Revolution is that growing populations forced people to find new food sources, such that they began to sow cereal grains and breed animals. ​

Question 11

In the first stage (pre-industrial)of the demographic transition model, birth rates and death rates were high, and population growth was negligible.  ​

Question 12

Prior to the Agricultural Revolution, our ancestors produced their own food by farming. ​

Question 13

Hunters and gatherers, or foragers, did not modify their landscapes. ​

Question 14

China and India are the two most populous countries on the planet. However, China's population growth has slowed and will be surpassed by India by 2030. ​

Question 15

Globalization moves jobs to where wages are low, and therefore, growth in the LDC middle classes is tied directly to losses in the MDC middle classes. ​

Question 16

The Industrial Revolution began in Europe in the mid to late 18th-century. ​

Question 17

Less developed countries (LDCs)are poor and have low birth rates and low population growth rates. ​

Question 18

F ragile states, low-income countries characterized by poor governance and/or weak state capacity, have wasted their abundant natural resources leaving citizens vulnerable to a range of shocks. ​

Question 19

D eveloping countries rely heavily on income from the export of a handful of primary commodities, which are raw materials such as fruits and ores whose extraction or harvest needs little processing before use.

Question 20

People overpopulation refers to the problem within more developed countries (MDCs)where each person uses a large quantity of natural resources from ecosystems around the world. ​

Question 21

In countries where a population pyramid identifies a youth bulge, there is likely to be intense competition for jobs, land, and education.

Question 22

The poorest countries are the largest source of international migrants. ​

Question 23

What geologic event did the Agricultural Revolution coincide with?

A)advance of glacial ice
B)retreat of glacial ice
C)active volcanism
D)formation of Pangaea
E)a period of seismic inactivity

Question 24

One way scientists can study human migration pathways is by using ____ pathways.

A)climate data
B)DNA ​
C)glacial ice
D)water footprint
E)fossil

Question 25

An immigrant is leaving a place, while an emigrant is entering a place. ​

Question 26

Where did Homo sapiens originate?

A)Southern Africa
B)Europe
C)Australia
D)East Asia
E)North America

Question 27

Erosion is an example of an external cost of deforestation because it is a harmful "hidden cost" not included in the market prices of goods and services. ​

Question 28

Some geographers believe sustainable development will bring about the "Third Revolution," a shift in human ways of interacting with the Earth so dramatic that it will be compared with the origins of agriculture and industry.

Question 29

The Human Development Index (HDI)is a scale that takes quality-of-life features for individuals into account. ​

Question 30

A(n)_____ competes more successfully than other organisms for nutrition and other essentials of life, or exerts a greater influence than other species on the environment. ​

A)ecologically dominant species
B)culturally dominant species
C)evolutionary species
D)neolithic species
E)geographically dominant species

Question 31

Life expectancy is highest in the Western Hemisphere.

Question 32

Which is a characteristic of a less developed country? ​

A)low percentage of population in agriculture
B)high energy use
C)low population growth rate
D)high birth rate
E)high amount of leisure time

Question 33

Areas where civilization has followed the domestication of plants and animals and from where the diffusion of cultural traits originated are called ____. ​

A)cultural/religious regions
B)culture complexes
C)culture landscapes
D)culture realms
E)culture hearths

Question 34

What characterizes the first stage (preindustrial)of the demographic transition model? ​

A)high birth rates and high death rates resulting in negligible population growth
B)high birth rates and low death rates resulting in high population growth
C)low birth rates and low death rates resulting in negligible population growth
D)low birth rates and high death rates resulting in declining population growth
E)high birth rates and low death rates resulting in declining population growth

Question 35

What characterizes the third stage (industrial)of the demographic transition model? ​

A)Birth rates remained high, but death rates dropped sharply due to medical and other innovations of the Industrial Revolution
B)Birth rates begin to fall as affluence spread.
C)Low birth rates and low death rates result in low population growth.
D)Birth and death rates remain high.
E)Population growth declines as birth rates are low and death rates are high.

Question 36

What characterizes the fourth stage (post-industrial)of the demographic transition model?

A)Birth rates remained high, but death rates dropped sharply due to medical and  other innovations of the Industrial Revolution.
B)Birth rates begin to fall as affluence spread
C)Low birth rates and low death rates result in low population growth
D)Birth rates are low and death rates are high.
E)The population growth rate increases.

Question 37

The rate of global population growth hit a record high in 1968, but has been declining ever since. ​

Question 38

One component of sustainable development includes land reform, as poverty is often the result of a small, wealthy minority holding a disproportionately high share of quality land. ​

Question 39

Demography is the study of population, particularly patterns of births, deaths, and marriages. ​

Question 40

Which statement about family size is true? ​

A)Wealthier people have more children.
B)Couples with access to contraception have more children.
C)City dwellers have more children than those in rural areas.
D)Poorer people have fewer children.
E)Better-educated people have fewer children.

Question 41

_______________ are naturally-occurring materials which people can use, and ultimately plays a significant role in development.

Question 42

The process of governments and corporations displacing poor subsistence farmers onto fragile, inferior lands that cannot support crops for long and end up depleted by cultivation is called _______________ .

Question 43

_______________ is the growth of cities due in part to the natural growth rate of people already living in urban areas, and is particularly strong in the LDCs. ​

Question 44

What is the primary reason for the population explosion since the Industrial Revolution? ​

A)higher temperatures
B)higher birth rates
C)an increase in migration
D)birth of more females
E)lower death rates

Question 45

_______________ are useful diagrams that classify populations by age and gender.

Question 46

Which term refers to people who are dislodged and impoverished by strife in their home country but are unable to emigrate? ​

A)immovable persons
B)legal aliens
C)internally displaced persons
D)asylum seekers
E)refugees

Question 47

Which theory states that it is easy for a LDC to move into middle-income status when commodity prices are rising, but difficult for LDCs to become MDCs if commodity prices fall?

A)globalization
B)poverty traps
C)development traps
D)neocolonization
E)complacency traps

Question 48

The controlled breeding of plants and animals, called _______________, dramatically gave humans the power to modify landscapes.

Question 49

The idea that, at some point in the future, humans will be unable to produce enough food to feed the ever-expanding population is called the ____. ​

A)Third Revolution
B)Malthusian scenario
C)Cornucopian situation
D)Death rate solution
E)Birth rate dilemma

Question 50

Which theory argues that the rich-poor gap present today is a relic of the worldwide economic pattern established during the Industrial Revolution and by the forces of colonialism? ​

A)mercantilism
B)dependency theory
C)imperialism
D)consumption theory
E)globalization

Question 51

_______________ hypothesis states that rather than being in harmony with nature, hunters and gatherers hunted many species to extinction, including the elephant-like mastodon of North America.

Question 52

Migrants that are victims of severe push factors, such as hunger, persecution, war, and political repression, are called _______________.

Question 53

According to dependency theorists, _______________ is the relationship that develops when former colonies, which are now independent countries, must continue to depend on exports of raw materials and purchases of finished goods from their former colonizers and other MDCs, and this disadvantageous position kept them poor.

Question 54

What is the current approximate population of the world? ​

A)7 million
B)10 million
C)5 billion
D)7 billion
E)10 billion

Question 55

When the gross domestic product (GDP)is divided by a country's population, the result is _______________, a commonly used measure of economic well-being. ​

Question 56

One pattern of land use by Europeans during the Industrial Revolution was ____, where Europeans sought to create neo-Europes in lands very similar to their own. ​

A)developmental colonization
B)natural colonization
C)land grabbing
D)mercantile colonialization
E)settler colonization

Question 57

The two types of overpopulation are ____, apparent in LDCs, and ____, apparent in MDCs. ​

A)ethnic; ecological
B)consumption; people
C)people; consumption
D)urban; ethnic
E)ethnic; urban

Question 58

Which term refers to a new form of marginalization of local subsistence farmers in which rich countries and individuals buy up land and water resources overseas to protect their future food security and make a profit? ​

A)zoning
B)commercialization
C)urban renewal
D)land grabbing
E)neocolonization

Question 59

What is the main advantage that a city offers to attract new people (pull factors)? ​

A)less pollution
B)less people
C)more jobs
D)more churches
E)less crime

Question 60

The size of a species' population that an ecosystem can support is called the _______________.

Question 61

During the Industrial Revolution, European powers used foreign lands in two different patterns - either settler colonization or mercantile colonization. Contrast settler and mercantile colonization.

Question 62

In terms of population, GDP, etc., list five characteristics of a more developed country (MDC).

Question 63

Migrants are subject to both push and pull factors. Define push and pull factors, and give an example of each.

Question 64

Define poverty trap and give four examples of poverty traps.

Question 70

Describe three impacts industrialization and the development of agriculture have had on the Earth's ecosystems.

Question 71

Compare and contrast life before and after the Agricultural Revolution

Question 72

Describe three factors that sparked the Industrial Revolution in Europe in 1750.

Question 73

The United Nation created the Human Development Index to recognize factors that are not exclusively economic, but do contribute to overall human well-being. What are three criteria used to determine a country's HDI score?

Question 74

There are two hypotheses as to why people abandoned hunting/gathering and turned to agriculture. Briefly explain each hypothesis.

Question 75

Globalization, the spread of free trade, free markets, investments, and ideas across borders, is a controversial subject. Frequently, people protest against "corporate-led globalization." Are the concerns about globalization justified, and why or why not?