Deck 28: the Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

The nurse cautions that constant stress can cause an alteration to the GI system,which can result in:

A)slowed GI mobility resulting in constipation.
B)reversed peristalsis resulting in projectile vomiting.
C)increased digestive juices resulting in a gastric ulcer.
D)decreased digestive juices resulting in ineffective metabolism.

Answer 1

increased digestive juices resulting in a gastric ulcer.

Question 2

The home health nurse caring for the patient with tuberculosis who is taking rifampin and isoniazid (INH)will be alert for an indication of a common side effect of these drugs,which is:

A)gallstones.
B)liver disorders.
C)bleeding ulcers.
D)esophagitis.

Answer 2

liver disorders.

Question 3

The nurse is assessing a patient's bowel sounds.The nurse documents that the bowel sounds were hypoactive.This indicates that the bowel sounds were heard every _____ seconds.

A)15
B)20
C)30
D)60

Answer 3

60

Question 4

The multiple doses of liquid laxative that are given before a colonoscopy can be made more palatable by:

A)heating them slightly.
B)diluting them with milk.
C)offering a small snack with them.
D)pouring them over ice.

Question 5

The nurse is discussing foods that will aid in thickening the consistency of the stool with a patient who has been having severe diarrhea.When the patient has the opportunity to make a menu selection,which choice indicates an understanding of the instructions?

A)Whole-grain rice
B)Wheat toast
C)Applesauce
D)Grapes

Question 6

The nurse is talking with a patient who has been experiencing nausea.The patient indicates an interest in using alternative therapies for the condition.Which product may be suggested to aid in the management of this condition?

A)Ginger
B)Ginseng
C)Chamomile
D)Soy

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a patient who is complaining of postoperative gas pain.What intervention can the nurse implement to aid the patient in passing flatus?

A)Assist the patient to ambulate.
B)Place a cold compress on the abdomen.
C)Offer a cup of coffee or tea.
D)Offer chilled vegetable juice.

Question 8

The nurse percussing a patient's abdomen hears a dull thud in the right upper quadrant.This finding indicates that the area being percussed is:

A)over the liver.
B)adipose tissue.
C)filled with air.
D)over a rib.

Question 9

The nurse is auscultating bowel sounds in the patient.The nurse notes the presence of loud bowel sounds in each quadrant every 3 seconds.The nurse correctly associates these findings as an indication of:

A)diarrhea.
B)paralytic ileus.
C)normal sounds.
D)constipation.

Question 10

In taking the history of a person with hepatitis A,an appropriate question for the nurse to ask is:

A)"If using drugs, do you share needles?"
B)"Do you always practice safe sex?"
C)"Have you traveled to Canada in the last month?"
D)"Do you eat shellfish or oysters often?"

Question 11

The nurse caring for an 80-year-old woman who is undergoing the extensive bowel preparation for a colonoscopy will assess the patient closely for:

A)diarrhea.
B)metabolic acidosis.
C)fluid retention.
D)increased urinary output.

Question 12

The nurse is caring for a patient experiencing moderate diarrhea for the past 3 days.Which will most likely be incorporated into the patient's plan of care?

A)Place the patient on NPO status.
B)Limit the patient's diet to clear liquids.
C)Administer parenteral nutrition.
D)Restrict the patient's diet to soft foods only.

Question 13

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of an assigned patient.The serum bilirubin is 2.8 mg/dL.The nurse would anticipate which finding in the patient's urine?

A)Dark color
B)Low specific gravity
C)Very scant amount
D)Foul odor

Question 14

The nurse explains that the older adult is prone to digestive disorders because of age-related changes that include: (Select all that apply.)

A)decrease in hydrochloric acid.
B)increase in enzyme levels.
C)inadequate chewing of food.
D)diminished intestinal motility.
E)incompetent gastroesophageal sphincter.

Question 15

In reviewing the physical assessments of several patients,the nurse recognizes that the patient most likely to have gallstones would be the:

A)37-year-old white man of normal weight on long-term corticosteroids for asthma.
B)42-year-old African American man of normal weight who has smoked for 25 years.
C)46-year-old Indonesian woman who is under normal weight and has recently had radiation treatments.
D)50-year-old obese Mexican American woman who has type 1 diabetes.

Question 16

The nurse is reviewing the charting of a student nurse.The student has documented that bowel sounds are absent.The nurse recognizes that each quadrant must be auscultated for _____ minutes before this is correct.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 17

When the patient returns to the floor at 12:30 PM after having had an upper GI (UGI)series,which action should the nurse complete first?

A)Offer liquids and a snack immediately.
B)Delay the meal tray until the bowel is clear of contrast media.
C)Turn the patient on the right side to enhance evacuation of contrast media.
D)Provide oral care.

Question 18

When the patient complains,"I don't see why I can't have a CT scan instead of the expensive MRI," the nurse clarifies that the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)study:

A)provides better contrast between normal and pathologic tissue.
B)requires less analysis and is easier to read.
C)produces a digital image that can be transmitted via e-mail.
D)exposes the patient to less radiation.

Question 19

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results from a patient who has been diagnosed with liver disease.Which finding would be consistent with this condition?

A)Prothrombin time (PT) 12.4 seconds
B)Prothrombin time (PT) 10 seconds
C)Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 64 seconds
D)Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 74 seconds
E)Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 55 seconds

Question 20

The assessment of bulging flanks on a patient who is supine with knees flexed leads the nurse to assess further for:

A)ascites.
B)bowel obstruction.
C)liver disorder.
D)gallstones.

Question 21

To promote bowel health,the nurse recommends that the patient: (Select all that apply.)

A)exercise regularly.
B)include adequate bulk in the diet.
C)drink adequate water.
D)defecate at approximately the same time every day.
E)take a laxative to maintain a regular defecation pattern.

Question 22

Matching
Match each term with its correct definition.

Repair of body tissue

A)Absorption
B)Peristalsis
C)Metabolism
D)Anabolism
E)Catabolism

Question 23

Matching
Match each term with its correct definition.

Breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules

A)Absorption
B)Peristalsis
C)Metabolism
D)Anabolism
E)Catabolism

Question 24

Matching
Match each term with its correct definition.

Chemical process to make substances needed by the body

A)Absorption
B)Peristalsis
C)Metabolism
D)Anabolism
E)Catabolism

Question 25

The nurse caring for the patient who has diarrhea from taking a protocol of oral amoxicillin will use __________ Precautions in the care.

Question 26

The nurse is caring for a patient scheduled to have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)study.Which instructions will be included in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A)There is only minimal radiation exposure.
B)All metal objects, including dental bridges, jewelry, and body piercings, must be removed.
C)It will be necessary to be NPO for 4 hours before the procedure.
D)A radiopaque medium may be injected during the procedure.
E)There may be a tingling sensation in metal alloy filling of the teeth.

Question 27

Matching
Match each term with its correct definition.

Rhythmic squeezing action of intestinal tract

A)Absorption
B)Peristalsis
C)Metabolism
D)Anabolism
E)Catabolism

Question 28

Immediately following a liver biopsy,the nurse should: (Select all that apply.)

A)turn the patient to the right side for 2 hours.
B)provide sandbag support for pressure on puncture site.
C)monitor vital signs every 15 minutes.
D)instruct patient to cough and deep breathe.
E)assess for hematoma at puncture site.

Question 29

For the patient who is anorexic,the interventions the nurse might use to stimulate appetite would include: (Select all that apply.)

A)offering oral care after meals.
B)arranging for preferred foods to be served.
C)encouraging family members to bring food from home.
D)suggesting that family members or friends come and socialize during the meal.
E)giving ample time to eat and enjoy the meal.

Question 30

Before a nurse can document the presence of diarrhea,the criteria for diarrhea should be met,which include: (Select all that apply.)

A)one loose stool in a 24-hour period.
B)multiple liquid or semiliquid stools in a 24-hour period.
C)hyperactive bowel sounds.
D)cramping.
E)fever.

Question 31

Matching
Match each term with its correct definition.

Transfer of nutrients from intestine to bloodstream

A)Absorption
B)Peristalsis
C)Metabolism
D)Anabolism
E)Catabolism

Question 32

The nurse is aware that risk factors for the development of pancreatic cancer include: (Select all that apply.)

A)obesity.
B)Jewish ethnicity.
C)diabetes mellitus.
D)hepatitis A.
E)smoking.