Deck 34: the Urinary System

Question 1

The nurse clarifies that nephrotoxic drugs such as doxycycline and rifampin can cause kidney damage by:

A)bacterial destruction of the nephrons.
B)chemical alterations of glomeruli.
C)necrosis of tubules from reduction of oxygenation.
D)"clumping" of cellular debris from killed bacteria.

Answer 1

chemical alterations of glomeruli.

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a woman suspected of having a vaginal fistula.Which finding will support the proposed diagnosis?

A)Pneumaturia
B)Hematuria
C)Oliguria
D)Dysuria

Answer 2

Pneumaturia

Question 3

A frustrated patient reports that,after two surgeries to correct incontinence,she is still involuntarily voiding.Which suggestion by the nurse would be most helpful to the patient at this time?

A)Wear heavy pads.
B)Keep a voiding diary.
C)Acquire an indwelling catheter.
D)Attempt to void every hour.

Answer 3

Keep a voiding diary.

Question 4

The nurse understands that most often tumors occur in the bladder because the bladder wall is exposed most frequently to:

A)retained carcinogens.
B)concentrated urine.
C)acidic fluids.
D)strong metabolic wastes.

Question 5

A patient has just returned to the nursing unit after having a renal biopsy.When planning the patient's care,which instruction will most likely be included?

A)The patient will remain NPO for the first 4 hours after the procedure.
B)Any postprocedure hematuria should be reported to the primary care provider.
C)Hematuria in the days following the procedure is expected.
D)The patient should remain flat in bed for at least 6 hours after the procedure.

Question 6

The nurse is collecting data from a patient who complains of having urinary frequency.When reviewing the patient's health history,the nurse would be prompted to inquire about the patient's intake of:

A)red meat.
B)caffeine.
C)over-the-counter cold remedies.
D)tomato juice.

Question 7

The nurse cautions the diabetic patient that ultimately the disease will affect the blood flow through the kidney due to:

A)long-term high glucose levels.
B)scleroses of renal vessels.
C)arterial spasm.
D)long-term insulin use.

Question 8

When a patient is put on a sulfa drug,the nurse adds interventions to the nursing care plan to increase the daily fluid intake to a minimum of _____ mL/day.

A)1500
B)2000
C)2500
D)3000

Question 9

A patient is scheduled to have a cystometrography performed.Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of the planned test?

A)"The test will measure my urine flow volume and muscle function."
B)"The test will measure my renal clearance and urinary volume."
C)"The test will evaluate the amount of particulate matter in my urine."
D)"The test will monitor the time it takes for an injected dye to appear in my urine."

Question 10

The nurse is caring for a patient who recently had abdominal surgery.When evaluating the patient's output,the nurse correctly recognizes that urinary output less than ________ mL/hr is considered inadequate.

A)15
B)20
C)25
D)30

Question 11

A patient has had diagnostic tests to assess uric acid levels.The tests reveal that levels are elevated.The nurse should consider the patient's intake of what to potentially explain excessive levels?

A)Protein
B)Calcium
C)Leafy green vegetables
D)Glucose

Question 12

When the patient asks why he has so many urinary tract infections (UTIs),the nurse points out that UTIs can result from:

A)bacteria that have colonized in the kidney.
B)viral infections generating debris in the bladder.
C)carelessness in handwashing.
D)spicy foods irritating the bladder wall.

Question 13

The patient confides that sneezing makes her "wet her pants." The nurse recognizes that this is a cardinal sign of ______ incontinence.

A)urge
B)stress
C)functional
D)overflow

Question 14

An 85-year-old patient was held NPO since midnight last night for diagnostic testing.The procedure is now complete at 10:00 AM.The nurse should:

A)check urine for concentration every hour.
B)measure urine output every 2 hours.
C)assess urine for the presence of glucose.
D)offer 4 ounces of water or juice every hour.

Question 15

The student nurse is attempting to irrigate an indwelling catheter.Which action by the student nurse best indicates an understanding of the correct procedure to employ?

A)The student nurse uses steady gentle pressure.
B)The student nurse forces solution into the catheter to remove the obstruction.
C)The student nurse pulls back on the plunger if fluid will not enter the catheter.
D)The student nurse counts the amount of irrigation fluid as output.

Question 16

The nurse recommends that,in order to keep optimum flow through the urinary system,a person should have a minimum intake of _____ mL/day.

A)1000 to 1500
B)2000 to 2500
C)3000 to 3500
D)4000 to 4500

Question 17

When the patient reports he has blood in his urine the moment he starts to void that disappears until the next time he voids,the nurse is aware that the source of the bleeding is most probably:

A)in the kidney.
B)above the neck of the bladder.
C)in the neck of the bladder.
D)in the urethra.

Question 18

The nurse reviewing laboratory reports on kidney function identifies a result that suggests decreased renal function,which is:

A)blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 10.5 mg/dL.
B)creatinine, 0.6 mg/dL.
C)BUN, 15 mg/dL.
D)creatinine, 2.0 mg/dL.

Question 19

In instructing the patient in the use of vaginal weight training,the nurse coaches the patient to insert the smallest of the cones in the vagina and:

A)wear it all day.
B)perform 10 Kegel exercises and remove it, repeating this exercise three times a day.
C)hold it in place with muscle tightening for 15 minutes and remove it.
D)attempt to expel it with vaginal muscle tightening.

Question 20

The nurse explains that when the kidney suffers an autoimmune inflammatory reaction,the glomeruli lose their ability to function effectively,which leads to:

A)glomerulonephritis.
B)reduced urinary output.
C)nephrosis.
D)nephrotoxicity.

Question 21

In order to communicate with the patient more effectively, the nurse clarifies the meanings of some urological terms. Match these terms with their correct definitions.
Urination at night

A)Anuria
B)Oliguria
C)Polyuria
D)Nocturia
E)Hematuria

Question 22

The basic functional unit of the kidney is the ________.

Question 23

The nurse lists the functions of the kidney,which include: (Select all that apply.)

A)regulation of electrolytes.
B)elimination of metabolic waste.
C)regulation of fluid volume.
D)regulation of blood pressure.
E)secretion of erythropoietin.
F)None of the above.

Question 24

In order to communicate with the patient more effectively, the nurse clarifies the meanings of some urological terms. Match these terms with their correct definitions.
Absence of urine

A)Anuria
B)Oliguria
C)Polyuria
D)Nocturia
E)Hematuria

Question 25

The nurse outlines the age-related changes that occur in the urinary system,which include: (Select all that apply.)

A)hypertrophy of the prostate.
B)decrease in secretion of renin.
C)decrease in muscle tone of bladder.
D)enlargement of bladder.
E)increase in ability to concentrate urine.

Question 26

The nurse explains that the urge to void occurs when the bladder contain as little as ______ mL of urine.

Question 27

When the patient complains of urinary retention,the nurse can help the patient to void by: (Select all that apply.)

A)accompanying the patient to the toilet.
B)offering caffeine or carbonated drinks.
C)providing a warm bath.
D)instructing in the double void technique.
E)running water in the lavatory to stimulate urination.

Question 28

While caring for a patient with an indwelling catheter,the nurse will include in the daily care the interventions of: (Select all that apply.)

A)observing tube placement and level of urine in collection bag.
B)keeping the drainage bag below the level of the bed.
C)avoiding patient ambulating with the catheter collection bag.
D)cutting off the balloon arm when discontinuing the catheter.
E)cleaning the meatus and catheter with soap and water.

Question 29

In order to communicate with the patient more effectively, the nurse clarifies the meanings of some urological terms. Match these terms with their correct definitions.
Blood in the urine

A)Anuria
B)Oliguria
C)Polyuria
D)Nocturia
E)Hematuria

Question 30

In order to communicate with the patient more effectively, the nurse clarifies the meanings of some urological terms. Match these terms with their correct definitions.
High urinary output

A)Anuria
B)Oliguria
C)Polyuria
D)Nocturia
E)Hematuria

Question 31

The nurse is discussing bladder health with a patient.During the discussion,the nurse has emphasized the need to void in a timely manner.Which statement by a patient indicates understanding of the rationale behind the recommendations? (Select all that apply.)

A)"Urinating regularly will prevent prolonged exposure of the bladder wall to harmful wastes."
B)"Allowing my bladder to overfill causes the walls to overstretch."
C)"A full bladder can cause undue strain on the urinary sphincters."
D)"The characteristics of urine can change after being in the bladder for overly extended periods."
E)"Pressure from a distended bladder can cause excessive pressure on my colon."

Question 32

In order to communicate with the patient more effectively, the nurse clarifies the meanings of some urological terms. Match these terms with their correct definitions.
Diminished urine

A)Anuria
B)Oliguria
C)Polyuria
D)Nocturia
E)Hematuria