Deck 18: A Roadmap for Analyzing Data

Question 1

Every spring semester, the School of Business coordinates a luncheon for graduating seniors, their families, and friends with local business leaders. Corporate sponsorship pays for the lunches of each of the seniors, but students have to purchase tickets to cover the cost of lunches served to guests they bring with them. Data on the number of guests each graduating senior invited to the luncheon and the number of graduating seniors in each category were collected. A histogram can be used to present this information.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A survey was conducted to determine how people rated the quality of programming available on television. Respondents were asked to rate the overall quality from 0 (no quality at all) to 100 (extremely good quality). A cumulative percentage polygon (ogive) can be used to present this information.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

An insurance company evaluates many variables about a person before deciding on an appropriate rate for automobile insurance. A representative from a local insurance agency selected a random sample of 100 insured drivers and recorded X, the amount of claims each made in the last 3 years. A Pareto chart can be used to present this information.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A professor of economics at a small Texas university wanted to determine what year in school students were taking his tough economics course. Data were collected on the class status ("freshman," "sophomore," "junior" or "senior") of 50 students enrolled in one of his economics course. A side-by-side bar chart can be used to present this information.

Question 5

A sample of 200 students at a Big-Ten university was taken after the midterm to ask whether they went bar hopping the weekend before the midterm or spent the weekend studying, and whether they did well or poorly on the midterm. You can use a contingency table to present this information.

Question 6

Data on the amount of money made in a year by 1,000 families in a small town were collected. You want to know how much each family will get if the money made by all the 1,000 families is pooled together and then evenly redistributed back to them. Which of the following would you compute?

A) Arithmetic mean
B) Median
C) Interquartile range
D) Coefficient of correlation

Question 7

Private colleges and universities rely on money contributed by individuals and corporations for their operating expenses. Much of this money is put into a fund called an endowment, and the college spends only the interest earned by the fund. A recent survey of 8 private colleges in the United States collected information on the endowment amount. Based on this information, which of the following will you construct to learn about the mean endowment of all private colleges in the United States?

A) Confidence interval estimate for the total using the Student's t distribution
B) Confidence interval estimate for the mean using the Student's t distribution
C) Confidence interval estimate for the proportion using the standard normal distribution
D) Confidence interval estimate for the difference between two means using the standard normal distribution

Question 8

Data on the amount of time spent studying for a particular exam at a high school were collected for 150 students. You want to know at least how much time half of the students spent studying for that exam. Which of the following would you compute?

A) Arithmetic mean
B) Median
C) Coefficient of variation
D) Coefficient of correlation

Question 9

The opinions (classified as "for," "neutral" or "against") of a sample of 200 people broken down by gender about the latest congressional plan to eliminate anti-trust exemptions for professional baseball. You can present this information using a scatter plot.

Question 10

A survey claims that 9 out of 10 doctors recommend aspirin for their patients with headaches. To test this claim, a random sample of 100 doctors results in 83 who indicate that they recommend aspirin. Which of the following tests will you perform?

A) t test for the mean
B) Z test for the proportion
C) Pooled-variance t test
D) Separate-variance t test

Question 11

Every spring semester, the School of Business coordinates with local business leaders a luncheon for graduating seniors, their families, and friends. Corporate sponsorship pays for the lunches of each of the seniors, but students have to purchase tickets to cover the cost of lunches served to guests they bring with them. Data on the number of guests each graduating senior invited to the luncheon from 500 graduating seniors last year were collected. Based on this information, which of the following will you construct to learn about the percentage of seniors who will bring at least one guest to a luncheon?

A) Confidence interval estimate for the total using the Student's t distribution
B) Confidence interval estimate for the mean using the Student's t distribution
C) Confidence interval estimate for the proportion using the standard normal distribution
D) Confidence interval estimate for the difference between two means using the standard normal distribution

Question 12

An insurance company evaluates many variables about a person before deciding on an appropriate rate for automobile insurance. A representative from a local insurance agency selected a random sample of 15 insured drivers and recorded the amount of claims each made in the last 3 years. Based on this information, which of the following will you construct to learn about the mean amount of claims made by the company's customer?

A) Confidence interval estimate for the mean using the standard normal distribution
B) Confidence interval estimate for the mean using the Student's t distribution
C) Confidence interval estimate for the proportion using the standard normal distribution
D) Confidence interval estimate for the difference between two means using the standard normal distribution

Question 13

Data on the amount of money made in a year by 1,000 families in a small town were collected. You want to know the difference in the amount of money made in that year by the middle 50% of the 1,000 families. Which of the following would you compute?

A) Arithmetic mean
B) Median
C) Interquartile range
D) Coefficient of correlation

Question 14

At a meeting of information systems officers for regional offices of a national company, a survey was taken to determine the number of employees the officers supervise in the operation of their departments, where X is the number of employees overseen by each information systems officer. A stem-and-leaf display can be used to present this information.

Question 15

A sample of 100 fuses from a very large shipment is found to have 10 that are defective. Based on this information, which of the following will you construct to learn about the proportion of fuses that are defective?

A) Confidence interval estimate for the total using the Student's t distribution
B) Confidence interval estimate for the mean using the Student's t distribution
C) Confidence interval estimate for the proportion using the standard normal distribution
D) Confidence interval estimate for the difference between two means using the standard normal distribution

Question 16

Every spring semester, the School of Business coordinates with local business leaders a luncheon for graduating seniors, their families, and friends. Corporate sponsorship pays for the lunches of each of the seniors, but students have to purchase tickets to cover the cost of lunches served to guests they bring with them. Data on the number of guests each graduating senior invited to the luncheon and the number of graduating seniors in each category were collected. You want to know the most popular number of guests brought by the graduating seniors. Which of the following will you compute?

A) Arithmetic mean
B) Median
C) Interquartile range
D) Mode

Question 17

The owner of a local nightclub has recently surveyed a random sample of n = 250 customers of the club. She would now like to determine whether or not the mean age of her customers is more than 30. If so, she plans to alter the entertainment to appeal to an older crowd. If not, no entertainment changes will be made. Which of the following tests will you perform to help her make a decision?

A) t test for the mean
B) Z test for the proportion
C) Pooled-variance t test
D) Separate-variance t test

Question 18

Data were collected on the amount of detergent used in gallons in a month by 25 drive-through car wash operations in Phoenix. You can use a time-series plot to present this information.

Question 19

Data on the amount of time spent studying and the exam score of 150 students at a high school were collected. You want to know if a student's exam score is linearly related to the amount of time spent on studying. Which of the following would you compute?

A) Arithmetic mean
B) Median
C) Coefficient of variation
D) Coefficient of correlation

Question 20

Data on the amount of money made in a year by 1,000 families in a small town were collected. You want to know if the money made is normally distributed. Which of the following would you use?

A) Bar chart
B) Scatter plot
C) Boxplot
D) Time-series plot

Question 21

A physician and president of a Tampa Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) are attempting to show the benefits of managed health care to an insurance company. The physician believes that certain types of doctors are more cost-effective than others. To investigate this, the president obtained independent random samples of 20 HMO physicians from each of 4 primary specialtiesGeneral Practice (GP), Internal Medicine (IM), Pediatrics (PED), and Family Physicians (FP)and recorded the total charges per member per month for each. A second variable which the president believes influences total charges per member per month is whether the doctor is a foreign or US medical school graduate. To investigate this, the president also collected data on 20 foreign medical school graduates in each of the 4 primary specialty types described above. So information on charges for 40 doctors (20 foreign and 20 US medical school graduates) was obtained for each of the 4 specialties. The president has already found out that specialty types and origin of the medical degree do not interact to affect the charges. He has also found out special types do have an impact on average charges. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate to find out which primary specialty has the highest charges?

A) Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons procedure for one-way ANOVA
B) Tukey multiple comparisons procedure for two-way ANOVA
C) Two-way ANOVA F test for primary specialty effect
D) Two-way ANOVA F test for origin of the medical degree effect

Question 22

A few years ago, Pepsi invited consumers to take the "Pepsi Challenge." Consumers were asked to decide which of two sodas, Coke or Pepsi, they preferred in a blind taste test. Pepsi was interesting in determining what factors played a role in people's taste preferences. One of the factors studied was the gender of the consumer. Data on the percentage of men and women depicting preference for Pepsi were collected. Which of the following tests will you use to find out if there is any difference in preference between the different gender groups?

A) McNemar test
B) Paired t test
C) Z test for difference in proportions
D) Wilcoxon rank sum test

Question 23

A realtor wants to compare the variability of sales-to-appraisal ratios of residential properties sold in four neighborhoods (A, B, C, and D). Four properties are randomly selected from each neighborhood and the ratios recorded for each were collected. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate?

A) McNemar test
B) Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons procedure for one-way ANOVA
C) Levene's test
D) Wilcoxon rank sum test

Question 24

An airline wants to select a computer software package for its reservation system. Four software packages (1, 2, 3, and 4) are commercially available. An experiment is set up in which each package is used to make reservations for 5 randomly selected weeks and data on the number of passengers that are bumped over a month are collected. (A total of 20 weeks was included in the experiment.) The variance on the number of passengers that are bumped is found to be roughly the same for the 4 packages. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate to find out if the mean number of passengers being bumped over a month is the same across the 4 packages?

A) Paired t test
B) Pooled-variance t test
C) One-way ANOVA F test for differences among more than two means
D) Two-way ANOVA F test for interaction effect

Question 25

An agronomist wants to compare the crop yield of 3 varieties of chickpea seeds. She plants all 3 varieties of the seeds on each of 5 different patches of fields. She then measures the crop yield in bushels per acre. She has found out that the different varieties do have an impact on crop yield. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate to find out which variety will produce the highest yield?

A) One-way ANOVA F test for differences among more than two means
B) McNemar test
C) Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons procedure for one-way ANOVA
D) Tukey multiple comparisons procedure for randomized block designs

Question 26

Are Japanese managers more motivated than American managers? A randomly selected group of 100 managers from each group were administered the Sarnoff Survey of Attitudes Toward Life (SSATL), which measures motivation for upward mobility. The mean and standard deviation of the SSATL scores were computed. The standard deviations of the SSATL scores suggest that the standard deviation from the two groups is very different. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate?

A) t test for the mean
B) Z test for the proportion
C) Pooled-variance t test
D) Separate-variance t test

Question 27

A powerful women's group has claimed that men and women differ in attitudes about sexual discrimination. A group of 50 men (group 1) and 40 women (group 2) were asked if they thought sexual discrimination is a problem in the United States. Of those sampled, 11 of the men and 19 of the women did believe that sexual discrimination is a problem. Which of the following tests will you use to find out if there is any difference in attitudes about sexual discrimination?

A) Pooled-variance t test
B) Paired t test
C) Z test for difference in proportions
D) Wilcoxon rank sum test

Question 28

A researcher randomly sampled 30 graduates, 18 males and 12 females, of an MBA program and recorded data concerning their starting salaries. Of primary interest to the researcher was the effect of gender on starting salaries. Statistics of the mean salaries of the females and males in the sample were computed. The sample standard deviations suggest that the variability of starting salaries of the two groups is almost the same. Suppose the starting salaries from both groups can be considered as normally distributed. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate?

A) Pooled-variance t test
B) Separate-variance t test
C) Paired t test
D) Wilcoxon rank sum test

Question 29

An agronomist wants to compare the crop yield of 3 varieties of chickpea seeds. She plants all 3 varieties of the seeds on each of 5 different patches of fields. She then measures the crop yield in bushels per acre. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate to find out if the different patches is advantageous in reducing the random error?

A) One-way ANOVA F test for differences among more than two means
B) Randomized block F test for differences among more than two means
C) Randomized block F test for block effect
D) Two-way ANOVA F test for the variety effect

Question 30

An airline wants to select a computer software package for its reservation system. Four software packages (1, 2, 3, and 4) are commercially available. The airline will choose the package that bumps as few passengers, on the average, as possible during a month. An experiment is set up in which each package is used to make reservations for 5 randomly selected weeks. (A total of 20 weeks was included in the experiment.) Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate?

A) Paired t test
B) Wilcoxon rank sum test
C) McNemar test
D) Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons procedure for one-way ANOVA

Question 31

A physician and president of a Tampa Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) are attempting to show the benefits of managed health care to an insurance company. The physician believes that certain types of doctors are more cost-effective than others. To investigate this, the president obtained independent random samples of 20 HMO physicians from each of 4 primary specialtiesGeneral Practice (GP), Internal Medicine (IM), Pediatrics (PED), and Family Physicians (FP)and recorded the total charges per member per month for each. A second variable which the president believes influences total charges per member per month is whether the doctor is a foreign or US medical school graduate. To investigate this, the president also collected data on 20 foreign medical school graduates in each of the 4 primary specialty types described above. So information on charges for 40 doctors (20 foreign and 20 US medical school graduates) was obtained for each of the 4 specialties. The president has already found out that specialty types and origin of the medical degree do not interact to affect the charges. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate to find out if the primary specialty affects the charges?

A) Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons procedure for one-way ANOVA
B) One-way ANOVA F test for differences among more than two means
C) Two-way ANOVA F test for primary specialty effect
D) Two-way ANOVA F test for origin of the medical degree effect

Question 32

The use of preservatives by food processors has become a controversial issue. Suppose 2 preservatives are extensively tested and determined safe for use in meats. A processor wants to compare the preservatives for their effects on retarding spoilage. They will choose to use the preservative that can keep the meat fresh for the longest amount of time. Suppose 15 cuts of fresh meat are treated with preservative I and 15 are treated with preservative II, and the number of hours until spoilage begins is recorded for each of the 30 cuts of meat. Suppose the variability of the number of hours until spoilage is the same for meat treated by both preservatives but the normal probability plots reveal that the number of hours until spoilage is right-skewed for the 15 cuts treated by preservative I and left-skewed for the 15 cuts treated with preservative II. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate?

A) Pooled-variance t test
B) Paired t test
C) Wilcoxon rank sum test
D) Levene's test

Question 33

To test the effectiveness of a business school preparation course, 8 students took a general business test before and after the course. Suppose the before and after exam scores are both normally distributed. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate?

A) Pooled-variance t test
B) Paired t test
C) Wilcoxon rank sum test
D) McNemar test

Question 34

A physician and president of a Tampa Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) are attempting to show the benefits of managed health care to an insurance company. The physician believes that certain types of doctors are more cost-effective than others. To investigate this, the president obtained independent random samples of 20 HMO physicians from each of 4 primary specialtiesGeneral Practice (GP), Internal Medicine (IM), Pediatrics (PED), and Family Physicians (FP)and recorded the total charges per member per month for each. A second variable which the president believes influences total charges per member per month is whether the doctor is a foreign or US medical school graduate. To investigate this, the president also collected data on 20 foreign medical school graduates in each of the 4 primary specialty types described above. So information on charges for 40 doctors (20 foreign and 20 US medical school graduates) was obtained for each of the 4 specialties. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate to find out if the primary specialty and the origin of medical school degree interact to affect the charges?

A) Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons procedure for one-way ANOVA
B) One-way ANOVA F test for differences among more than two means
C) One-way ANOVA F test for interaction effect
D) Two-way ANOVA F test for interaction effect

Question 35

An airline wants to select a computer software package for its reservation system. Four software packages (1, 2, 3, and 4) are commercially available. An experiment is set up in which each package is used to make reservations for 5 randomly selected weeks and data on the number of passengers that are bumped over a month are collected. (A total of 20 weeks was included in the experiment.) The variability of the number of passengers that are bumped is found to be roughly the same for the 4 packages. The distribution on the number of passengers that are bumped has been found out to be right-skewed for package 1 and 4, left-skewed for package 2 and normal for package 3. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate to find out if the mean number of passengers being bumped over a month is the same across the 4 packages?

A) Paired t test
B) Pooled-variance t test
C) One-way ANOVA F test for differences among more than two means
D) Kruskal-Wallis rank test

Question 36

An entrepreneur is considering the purchase of a coin-operated laundry. The current owner claims that over the past 5 years, the mean daily revenue was $675 with a standard deviation of $75. A sample of 30 days reveals a daily mean revenue of $625 and a standard deviation of $70. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate?

A) t test for the mean
B) Z test for the proportion
C) Pooled-variance t test
D) Separate-variance t test

Question 37

An agronomist wants to compare the crop yield of 3 varieties of chickpea seeds. She plants all 3 varieties of the seeds on each of 5 different patches of fields. She then measures the crop yield in bushels per acre. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate to find out if there is any difference in crop yield among the 3 varieties?

A) Paired t test
B) One-way ANOVA F test for differences among more than two means
C) Randomized block F test for differences among more than two means
D) Two-way ANOVA F test for the variety effect

Question 38

A major Blu-ray rental chain is considering opening a new store in an area that currently does not have any such stores. The chain will open if there is evidence that more than 5,000 of the 20,000 households in the area are equipped with Blu-ray players. It conducts a telephone poll of 300 randomly selected households in the area and finds that 96 have Blu-ray players. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate?

A) t test for the mean
B) Z test for the proportion
C) Pooled-variance t test
D) Separate-variance t test

Question 39

A quality control engineer is in charge of the manufacture of computer disks. Two different processes can be used to manufacture the disks. He suspects that the Kohler method produces a greater proportion of defects than the Russell method. He samples 150 of the Kohler and 200 of the Russell disks and finds that 27 and 18 of them, respectively, are defective. If Kohler is designated as "Group 1" and Russell is designated as "Group 2," which of the following tests will you use to find out if the Kohler method is worse than the Russell method?

A) Paired t test
B) Z test for difference in proportions
C) X² test for difference in proportions
D) McNemar test

Question 40

A buyer for a manufacturing plant suspects that his primary supplier of raw materials is overcharging. In order to determine if his suspicion is correct, he contacts a second supplier and asks for the prices on various identical materials. He wants to compare these prices with those of his primary supplier. He collected data on 6 different materials from both suppliers. He believes that the differences are normally distributed. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate?

A) Pooled-variance t test
B) Paired t test
C) Wilcoxon rank sum test
D) McNemar test

Question 41

The superintendent of a school district wanted to predict the percentage of students passing a sixth-grade proficiency test. She obtained the data on percentage of students passing the proficiency test (% Passing), daily mean of the percentage of students attending class (% Attendance), mean teacher salary in dollars (Salaries), and instructional spending per pupil in dollars (Spending) of 47 schools in the state. She believed that holding everything else constant, instructional spending per pupil had a positive but decreasing impact on percentage. Which of the following would be the most appropriate analysis to perform?

A) Autoregressive modeling
B) Exponential smoothing
C) Least-squares forecasting with monthly or quarterly data
D) Linear regression with log transformation

Question 42

A Paso Robles wine producer wanted to forecast the cases of Merlot wine sold. The number of cases of merlot wine sold in a 28-year period was collected. Which of the following would be the most appropriate analysis to perform?

A) The Marascuilo Procedure
B) The Tukey-Kramer Procedure
C) Least-squares forecasting with monthly or quarterly data
D) Exponential smoothing modeling

Question 43

A manager of a product sales group believes the number of sales made by an employee depends on how many years that employee has been with the company and how he/she scored on a business aptitude test. A random sample of 38 employees was selected to collect data on their number of sales, number of years with the company and scores on a business aptitude test. Which of the following would you perform to draw conclusion on the belief?

A) One-way ANOVA
B) Simple linear regression
C) Two-way ANOVA
D) Multiple linear regression

Question 44

An economist is interested to see how consumption for an economy (in $ billions) is influenced by gross domestic product ($ billions) and aggregate price (consumer price index). Annual data from 30 years were collected. Which of the following would be the most appropriate analysis to perform?

A) Simple linear regression
B) Multiple linear regression
C) Exponential smoothing
D) Autoregressive modeling for trend fitting and forecasting

Question 45

The director of a training program wanted to know if a one-week orientation would change the perception of potential clients who would perceive the program as being good. He collected information on the number of clients who would rate the program as being good before and after the orientation. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate?

A) X² test for proportions
B) McNemar test
C) Wilcoxon rank sum test
D) Tukey-Kramer procedure

Question 46

A Paso Robles wine producer wanted to forecast the cases of Merlot wine sold. The number of cases of merlot wine sold in a 28-year period was collected. Which of the following would be the most appropriate analysis to perform?

A) The Marascuilo Procedure
B) The Tukey-Kramer Procedure
C) Least-squares forecasting with monthly or quarterly data
D) Moving averages modeling

Question 47

Four surgical procedures currently are used to install pacemakers. If the patient does not need to return for follow-up surgery, the operation is called a "clear" operation. A heart center wants to compare the 4 procedures and collects the following numbers of patients from their own records: Procedure

Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate to find out which of the 4 procedures is the most effective?

A) X² test for difference in proportions
B) Z test for difference in proportions
C) One-way ANOVA F test for differences among more than two means
D) The Marascuilo procedure

Question 48

Four surgical procedures currently are used to install pacemakers. If the patient does not need to return for follow-up surgery, the operation is called a "clear" operation. A heart center wants to compare the 4 procedures and collects the following numbers of patients from their own records: Procedure

Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate to find out whether the 4 procedures are equally effective?

A) X² test for difference in proportions.
B) Z test for difference in proportions.
C) One-way ANOVA F test for differences among more than two means
D) McNemar test.

Question 49

A certain type of rare gem serves as a status symbol for many of its owners. In theory, for low prices, the demand increases and it decreases as the price of the gem increases. However, experts hypothesize that when the gem is valued at very high prices, the demand increases with price due to the status owners believe they gain in obtaining the gem. Data on price and quantity sold were collected for a sample of 35 rare gems of this type. Which of the following would be the most appropriate analysis to perform?

A) Quadratic regression model
B) Exponential smoothing
C) Autoregressive modeling for trend fitting and forecasting
D) Least-squares forecasting with monthly or quarterly data

Question 50

An investor wanted to forecast the price of a certain stock. He collected the mean daily price for the stock over the past 10 years. Which of the following would be the most appropriate analysis to perform?

A) The Marascuilo Procedure
B) The Tukey-Kramer Procedure
C) Least-squares forecasting with monthly or quarterly data
D) Autoregressive modeling

Question 51

A contractor wants to forecast the number of contracts in future quarters, using quarterly data on number of contracts during the 10-year period from 2001 to 2010. Which of the following would be the most appropriate analysis to perform?

A) Autoregressive modeling
B) One-way ANOVA
C) Least-squares forecasting with monthly or quarterly data
D) Two-way ANOVA

Question 52

A political pollster randomly selects a sample of 100 voters each day for 8 successive days and asks how many will vote for the incumbent. The pollster wishes to see if the percentage favoring the incumbent candidate is too erratic. Which of the following would be the most appropriate analysis to perform?

A) Multiple linear regression
B) Exponential smoothing
C) Construct a p-chart
D) Perform a Levene's test

Question 53

The director of admissions at a state college is interested in seeing if admissions status (admitted, waiting list, denied admission) at his college is related to the type of community (urban, rural, suburban) in which an applicant resides. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate?

A) X² test for independence
B) Two-way ANOVA F test for the type of community effect
C) Two-way ANOVA F test for interaction effect
D) McNemar test

Question 54

A supplier of silicone sheets for producers of computer chips wants to evaluate her manufacturing process. She takes samples of size 5 from each day's output and counts the number of blemishes on each silicone sheet for 20 days consecutive days. Which of the following would be the most appropriate analysis to perform?

A) Autoregressive modeling
B) Exponential smoothing
C) Multiple linear regression
D) Construct a c chart