Deck 16: The Muslim Empires

Question 1

Which of the following statements is not an accurate characterization of the nature of Ottoman governmental processes?

A)Originally, Ottoman rule was dominated by tribal law and augmented by Muslim law.
B)The Ottoman Empire was influenced by Byzantine and Persian rule.
C)The sultan ruled from the Topkapi with the assistance of the Grand Vezirs , who were primarily the products of the devshirme process.
D)The government was located in Istanbul, the former Constantinople.
E)The government refused to allow any religion to be practiced in the empire except for Islam.

Answer 1

The government refused to allow any religion to be practiced in the empire except for Islam.

Question 2

Janissaries were Hindu rajputs who were converted to Islam by the Ottoman.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Ottoman Turks preceded the Seljuk Turks.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

All of the following statements about Ottoman expansion are true except

A)their geographical location gave them a definite advantage for expansion.
B)after taking advantage of Byzantine weakness, they established a base at Gallipoli, and then allied with the Serbs and Bulgars to continue fighting the Byzantine Empire.
C)after the Kurdish seizure of Constantinople in 1521, Ottoman support of the new Kurdish ruler gave them greater control over Asia Minor.
D)as they established European settlements, Turkish beys replaced local landlords, and became the only recipients of taxes collected from the Slavic peasant population.
E)they recruited young Christian boys from the Balkans to serve in elite military guard.

Question 5

The first Mughal emperor, Babur, was descended from both Tamerlane and Genghis Khan.

Question 6

The position of the Ottoman sultan was hereditary, with a son, although not necessarily the eldest, which led to many sibling executions.

Question 7

The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires were all of nomadic origin.

Question 8

The power structure of the Ottoman Empire

A)was highly structured, with the ruler's oldest son always succeeding to power.
B)was not hereditary, and the sultan was succeeded by his highest-ranking military subordinate.
C)was physically centered in the Topkapi.
D)divided power between the vezir , "the sultanate of women," and devshirme scholars.
E)lacked an imperial bureaucracy, a serious weakness in an empire of that size.

Question 9

It is accurate to state that the

A)Osmanli Turks first consolidated their control of the southeastern part of the Balkans, given to them by the Seljuks.
B)Ottoman Turks gained control of much of the Balkans before they took Constantinople.
C)Yeni Cheri were a renowned group of Sufi mystics.
D)Seljuk Turks conquered the Ottoman Turks.
E)Fourth Crusade captured Constantinople from the Ottoman Turks.

Question 10

In 1529, Suleyman I the Magnificent conquered Vienna.

Question 11

Which of the following is not true about the reign of Suleyman I the Magnificent?

A)The Ottomans first captured the Slavic regions of Poland.
B)The Ottomans invaded Hungary.
C)The Ottomans' advance into Austria was finally stopped at Vienna.
D)The Ottomans were increasing their control over the western Mediterranean area.
E)The Ottomans were treated as a major power by the principal European states.

Question 12

Before the Turkish capture of Constantinople,

A)Murad I defeated the Serbs at the Battle of Kosovo.
B)the Balkan population refused to assist Ottoman efforts in any way.
C)Morocco was the only Mediterranean area controlled by the Spanish conquistadors.
D)the last Byzantine emperor became a Lutheran in a bid for European support.
E)Pope Innocent XII personally led a crusade to save the city for Chritendom.

Question 13

Akbar was known for his attempt to reconcile Hinduism and Buddhism within Afghanistan.​

Question 14

Which of the following statements is not true about Ottoman power in Europe?

A)It came to be accepted by the leadership of the non-Turkish European states.
B)It was aggressively extended into central Europe.
C)It destroyed a European coalition of Austrian, Polish, Bavarian, and Saxon forces at Vienna in 1683 and held the city for ten years.
D)It was ultimately forced out of Hungary by an alliance of allied European armies.
E)It threatened to take naval control of the Mediterranean until the Battle of Lepanto.

Question 15

The impact of Turkish rule on the peoples of North Africa was relatively light.​

Question 16

All of the following are correct about the Janissaries except

A)they were recruited from the Christian population of the Balkans.
B)they fought as on horseback as cavalry warriors.
C)they were converted to Islam.
D)they were infantry troops.
E)they used muskets.

Question 17

Constantinople was captured by the

A)Seljuk Turks, led by Suleyman the Magnificent.
B)Ottoman Turks, led by Tamerlane.
C)Safavids, under Shah Ismail.
D)Ottoman Turks, headed by Mehmet II.
E)Mongols, led by Akbar.

Question 18

Unlike the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire embraced Sunni Islam.

Question 19

The Ottoman Turks renamed Constantinople

A)Kuycik.
B)Istanbul.
C)Anatolia.
D)Adrianople.
E)Ankara.

Question 20

The only western European state to come to the aid of the Byzantines in 1453 were the Genoese. ​

Question 21

Women in Ottoman society

A)had considerable political influence if they were queen mothers.
B)were given much more freedom in the economic sphere than those of Vietnam.
C)had no political influence, as was shown by the fate Suleyman the Magnificent's mother.
D)who lived in the harem were abused sexually by the sultan and his male friends and, at times, even by enlisted army personnel.
E)served as royal bodyguards and, if slaves, were used to produce royal heirs.

Question 22

All of the following were true of Safavid Iran except

A)its wealth was much greater than its neighbors, the Mughal and Ottoman empires.
B)it had to trade with Europe through southern Russia, since the Europeans controlled the seas to the south and the Ottomans controlled the lands to the west.
C)it produced many items that were in high demand in many other parts of the world.
D)it maintained a respectable level of thought and learning in philosophy, science, medicine, and mathematics.
E)it contained large minority populations, though most of the population was of Iranian background.

Question 23

The Mughal rule of Akbar in India

A)extended over about ten percent of the subcontinent.
B)has been attributed, by some scholars, exclusively to the use of heavily armored cavalry to overwhelm his adversaries.
C)overall was a time of peace and prosperity.
D)collapsed immediately after Akbar's death, when the British East India Co. took over.
E)extended to Indonesia.

Question 24

Which of the following is a true statement about Safavid culture?

A)Riza-i-Abbasi was its most celebrated artist.
B)Its literature was its greatest artistic achievement.
C)The ascent of Persian poetry gave rise to the greatness of Safavid poetry.
D)The great array of Safavid poets who went to India to write for the Mughal rulers attests to the greatness of the poets of this era.
E)It declined sharply during the reign of Shah Abbas I.

Question 25

The British presence in India significantly began in 1616 when they

A)successfully attacked Puna.
B)established their first factory at Delhi.
C)were granted the right to have their own representative at the court in Agra.
D)forced the Mughals to provide them with light-weight textiles.
E)seized the Portuguese outpost of Goa.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is not an accurate observation of the Mughal rule of Akbar in India?

A)He appointed many Hindus to lower administrative posts.
B)His "Divine Faith" was just one example of the great religious toleration of his regime.
C)He permitted zamindars to yield significant independent authority in their local regions.
D)He and his people did not care for sea travel; therefore the Arabs took care of Mughal international trade.
E)He became a militant Buddhist during the latter half of his reign.

Question 27

The founder of the Safavid Dynasty could trace his ancestry back to all except

A)a Shi'ite sheikh.
B)a descendant of Ali, the fourth imam of Islam.
C)a man called Safi al-Din, who led a group of Turkish tribesmen, who lived in Azerbaijan.
D)Saladin.
E)none of the above

Question 28

Ottoman architecture

A)was the least impressive of Ottoman artistic activities.
B)was the result of the work of architects and workers imported from outside the empire.
C)used the open floor technique originally used in the Byzantine church of Santa Sophia in designing mosques such as the one at Edirne.
D)was based entirely upon Mughal models.
E)was based upon the pyramid structure of ancient Egypt.

Question 29

The son of Shah Jahan, who killed his brother, imprisoned his father, and then assumed the throne himself, was

A)Aurangzeb.
B)Shivaji.
C)Dara Shikoh.
D)Jahangir.
E)Lothair.

Question 30

Ottoman artists produced distinctive pottery and glazed tiles at the city of

A)Istanbul.
B)Edirne.
C)Bursa.
D)Iznik.
E)Aleppo.

Question 31

Safavid power was spread through Persia by

A)resurgent Sunni military leaders.
B)Ismail's militant use of Shi'ite Islam to unify the region.
C)Safi's enforcement of sufi mysticism throughout the region.
D)Shah Abbas' successful military campaigns against the Byzantines.
E)Sunni pashas.

Question 32

All of the following were true about the reign of Shah Jahan except that

A)he was able to expand the Mughal domain.
B)he put economic strains on his people with programs of conquest and construction enterprises.
C)famine and drought did not plague India during his rule.
D)he built the Red Fort in Delhi.
E)the expense of building the Taj Mahal required him to increase agricultural taxes.

Question 33

The "red heads" were

A)the light-haired warriors who destroyed Bokhara in 1380.
B)followers of the Shi'ite doctrines of Safi al Din.
C)Ottoman Yeni Chari fighters and their "scholar bodyguards."
D)Muslim fugitives from Ireland.
E)Sufi mystics.

Question 34

Ottoman religious policy

A)applied Islamic law to everyone in the empire.
B)required all Shi'ite Muslims to convert to Sunni Islam.
C)was more tolerant of Hindu beliefs than the Mughal Dynasty.
D)had converted all of its European subjects except Serbs and Greeks to Islam by 1700.
E)placed the members of each religious group under a patriarch, priest, or grand rabbi, who served in an intermediary capacity in governmental matters affecting his group.

Question 35

Akbar was succeeded by his son and grandson, respectively

A)Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb.
B)Jahangir and Shah Jahan.
C)Nur Jahan and Babur al-Raua.
D)Mumtaz Mahal and Mehmet I.
E)Babur and Dara Shikoh.

Question 36

Aurangzeb

A)issued orders to prohibit sati and the castration of eunuchs.
B)ended the zamindar system and created an efficient tax revenue.
C)ended the forced conversions to Islam.
D)expanded the tolerant religious policies of his predecessor.
E)abdicated in favor of his son, Babur.

Question 37

In the Ottoman system, the administrative unit of each religious minority was called a

A)millet .
B)vezier.
C)janissary.
D)sipahis
E)devshirme.

Question 38

Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty in India,

A)traced his roots to Muhammad on his mother's side.
B)took Isfahan early in the sixteenth century, before leading his forces into India.
C)was born in Egypt.
D)established his northern Indian domain after his conquest of Delhi, and died at age of 47.
E)was the first Chinese-born ruler of India.

Question 39

All of the following are correct about India's zamindars  EXCEPT

A)they were local officials.
B)they were paid by international trade revenues collected by the Mughal emperor.
C)their salaries were from land taxes paid by peasants.
D)some were Hindus but most were Moslems.
E)they had both civilian and military retainers, thus had considerable local power.

Question 40

Ottoman decline was caused by all except

A)a decline of competence within the ruling family.
B)internal decay of the ruling elite.
C)the Europeanization of the Turkish upper classes.
D)a decrease in the involvement of the rulers in the activities of the government, thus enabling the Sublime Porte to become more powerful.
E)conquest of Constantinople by Great Britain and France in the Crimean War.

Question 41

Two new changes in Persian painting occurred in the early sixteenth century: ​

A)​inclusion of perspective and incorporation of bright colors.
B)​allowance for portraits of humans and illumination of manuscripts.
C)​transition from geometric designs towards nature, and use of human figures.
D)​sexually explicit artwork and illustration of mechanical processes.
E)​including inner character on portraits, and individual paintings with signatures by artists.

Question 42

What was the obligation for a non-Muslim to obtain an exemption of military service in the Ottoman Empire?

A)​Create an alternative labor force for the Sultan.
B)​Provide supplies for the Sultan's army.
C)​Offer sacrificial rites for the success of the army in battle.
D)​Pay a head tax in place of service.
E)​Be gainfully employed in one of the three urban social classes.

Question 43

In the European competition for the control of India,

A)Joseph Francois Dupleix was more successful than Sir Robert Clive.
B)Sir Robert Clive was more successful than Joseph Francois Dupleix.
C)the strong financial support of the French government enabled Joseph Francois Dupleix to gain control of most of the subcontinent.
D)the lack of military acumen of Sir Robert Clive prevented him from gaining any significant control over the subcontinent.
E)the French defeated the British at the Battle of the Black Hole.

Question 44

Among the striking similarities of the three early-modern Muslim empires are

A)their strict adherence to Sunni Islam.
B)the fact that they mastered gunpowder, which led to a complacent sense of security.
C)the East Asian origins of their early rulers.
D)the fact that each was controlled by western European interests by 1700.
E)their cultivation of transoceanic trade ties with West Africa.

Question 45

Mughal architectural developments

A)were always undertaken after making certain that expenditures on them would not injure mass living standards.
B)often blended Persian and Indian styles to achieve new and beautiful results.
C)borrowed heavily from Tibetan and Ottoman styles
D)were influenced by the construction techniques of Yuan China.
E)were imposed on the Mughals by the British East India Co.

Question 46

​The cultural center of Isfahan saw its greatest accomplishments in

A)​carpets
B)​poetry.
C)​portraiture.
D)​polo grounds.
E)​leather goods.

Question 47

The Mughal literary masterpiece that served as a basis for a late 1980s Indian television series was the

A)Ramayanas .
B)Rajasthanas .
C)Ramcaritmanas .
D)Rastaclaphas .
E)Rajputi .

Question 48

As the British extended their economic and military control over India, from the coastal cities to the inland regions,

A)all local Indian rulers became richer and more powerful.
B)British and Indian elite wealth and success increased, as did that of Indian peasants.
C)both the British and the Indians prospered from the new alliance.
D)British colonial rule in India initially favored Indian interests over those of Britain.
E)an estimated one-third of the population in areas under British East Company control died in the 1770s in a series of massive famines.

Question 49

As a means to curtail the aristocracy, strong-minded shahs would use ​

A)​absolutism.
B)​a semi-divine status.
C)​confiscation of estates when possible.
D)​isolation of hereditary nobles in administrative positions.
E)​castration of all nobility to ensure no dynastic challenges would emerge.

Question 50

In the daily life of Mughal India, the Muslim practice of barring women from associating with men outside the home was known as

A)sati .
B)zamindar .
C)purdah .
D)raga .
E)harem .

Question 51

As a demonstration of his commitment to religious ​toleration, Akbar

A)​married a Hindu princess as one of his wives.
B)​converted to Christianity.
C)​adopted the 8 Fold Path as a philosophical approach.
D)​retained a cultural advisor from each faith to advise him on appropriate behavior.
E)​abolished all taxation on churches and temples.

Question 52

A significant difference in rulers of the Mughal versus the Safavid Dynasty was:​

A)​Mughals were Hindu.
B)​Mughals were foreign.
C)​India had a tightly centralized control of its population.
D)​India had developed a significant sea-faring military.
E)​Mughal rulers were seen as the divine reincarnation of Shiva.

Question 53

Shah Abbas of the Safavid Golden Age is credited with strengthening the dynasty by ​

A)​changing out the traditional warrior elite for a trained administration.
B)​bringing modern weaponry to his military.
C)​attempting to regain territories lost to the Ottomans.
D)​expanding intellectual freedom and growth.
E)​all of these.

Question 54

Ottoman forces were blocked from further expansion in the western Mediterranean at which battle?​

A)Battle of Mohacs​
B)​Battle of Lepanto
C)​Battle of Eisengaard
D)​Battle of Kosovo
E)​Battle of Vienna

Question 55

​ Which of the following is NOT a critical development in warfare?

A)​Weaponry.
B)​Mobility
C)​Religion
D)​Fortification
E)​Explosives

Question 56

All of the following are true about the Ottomans in North Africa EXCEPT​

A)​They met with considerable resistance from the Nasrid dynasty in Morocco.
B)​They used local administrators named Pashas.
C)​There was little attempt to penetrate beyond the coastal regions.
D)​They controlled trade routes through the Sahara.
E)​There was competition with Christians in piracy along the Barbary Coast.

Question 57

The "Akbar style" included all of the following except

A)it combined Persian with Indian motifs.
B)it imitated European art forms.
C)it followed the Ottoman trend toward realism and historical narrative.
D)human figures were often represented in spite of Islamic prohibitions.
E)it was strongly influenced by the artistic style of Ming China.

Question 58

Turkish control over the near East/Mesopotamian region was cemented when Selim I defeated​ the

A)​Mughals.
B)​Mongols.
C)​Assyrians.
D)​Safavids
E)​Syrians

Question 59

The status of women under the Mughal regime

A)varied greatly, with women at court sometimes receiving education as under Emperor Akhbar.
B)was universally poor, as all women were forbidden to own property.
C)declined sharply when the Emperor ordered that Muslim women practice sati .
D)was higher for Hindu women than for Muslim women.
E)both b and c

Question 60

​Empress Nur Jahan became the power behind the throne for her weak husband

A)​Humayan
B)​Aurangzeb
C)​Jahan
D)​Jangahir
E)​Babur

Question 61

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
devshirme

Question 62

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
beg /beys

Question 63

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Battles of Mohács and Vienna

Question 64

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Golden Horn

Question 65

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Mehmet II, 1453, and Constantinople

Question 66

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Murad and the Battle of Kosovo

Question 67

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
caliph

Question 68

To commemorate his deceased wife, Shah Jahan commissioned the building of​

A)​the Red Fort
B)​the Taj Mahal
C)​the Elephant Gate at Fatehpur Sikri.
D)​The Blue Mosque
E)​The Winter Palace

Question 69

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
sultan

Question 70

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Topkapi and harem

Question 71

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
vizier

Question 72

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Osman Turks

Question 73

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
yeni cheri /Janissaries

Question 74

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Suleyman I the Magnificent

Question 75

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Shari'a

Question 76

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Bosporus and Dardanelles

Question 77

Initial response to European traders in India was not enthusiastic because  ​

A)​European goods were not seen as desireable.
B)​Christianity was off-putting to the Muslim monarchs.
C)​Indian merchants had well-established trade connections for centuries in the Indian Ocean trade network.
D)​Slavery was prohibited in India.
E)​There was no uniform coinage among the Europeans, making trade equivalencies impossible.

Question 78

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
pashas

Question 79

British control of India was consolidated under Clive, focused in ​

A)​Bengal
B)​Agra
C)​Pakistan
D)​Singapore
E)​the Deccan Plateau

Question 80

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Serbs