Deck 3: Crime in the United States Offenses Offenders and Victims

Question 1

One of the country's fastest growing crimes is

A) drug manufacturing.
B) human trafficking.
C) white-collar crime.
D) identity theft.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

All of the following are status offenses except

A) curfew violations.
B) drinking alcohol.
C) shoplifting.
D) running away.
E) incorrigibility.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Using force to have sexual intercourse with an unconscious or helpless victim is called _______________ rape.

A) statutory
B) minor
C) common
D) simple
E) aggravated

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A surge in violent crime began in____________ , ending the historic drop in the U.S. crime rate and marking the first significant increase in violent crime since the early 1990s.

A) 2001
B) 2008
C) 2005
D) 1999

Question 5

Organized crime is distinct from other forms of crime in that it is characterized by

A) aggravated rape.
B) murder.
C) assault.
D) robbery.
E) corruption and enforcement powers.

Question 6

A person not of legal age who violates a local, state, or federal law is known as a

A) skinhead.
B) felon.
C) scofflaw.
D) delinquent.
E) status offender.

Question 7

The taking of anything of value from the control, care, or custody of a person by force or threat of force is known as

A) larceny-theft.
B) robbery.
C) pickpocketing.
D) burglary.
E) shoplifting.

Question 8

The definition of____________is occupational or business-related crime, sometimes called economic crime.

A) shoplifting
B) white-collar crime
C) violent crime
D) hate crime
E) bootlegging

Question 9

Which of the following is a Part II crime in the UCR?

A) embezzlement
B) vandalism
C) prostitution
D) embezzlement, vandalism, and prostitution
E) none of these choices

Question 10

In 1930, Congress assigned the  _____  to serve as a national clearinghouse for crime statistics.

A) CIA
B) FBI
C) DEA
D) U.S. Marshals Office
E) INS

Question 11

Which of the following is often believed to be the overlooked element of the criminal justice system?

A) community corrections
B) prisons
C) victims
D) prosecutors
E) the defense attorney's role

Question 12

The ______ captures crimes reported to law enforcement but excludes simple assaults.

A) UCR
B) NIBRS
C) NCVS
D) UCR, NIBRS, and NCVS
E) none of these choices

Question 13

The "dark figure of crime" refers to

A) the true number of crimes committed.
B) the number of violent crimes committed.
C) the number of violent crimes reported to police.
D) the growing number of murderers and rapists.
E) none of these choices.

Question 14

Compared with summary UCR statistics, the advantage of the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is that it

A) provides more detailed data.
B) reports only completed minor crimes.
C) reports only completed serious crimes.
D) reports only attempted crimes.
E) reports all crimes committed in countries across the globe.

Question 15

Who coined the term "white-collar crime"?

A) Lombroso
B) Sutherland
C) Beccaria
D) Bentham

Question 16

All of the following are individual risk factors except

A) gender.
B) race.
C) age.
D) households headed by single parents.
E) the type of crime committed.

Question 17

The ____ relies on interviews with a nationally representative sample of people 12 years old and older about their personal experiences with crime.

A) UCR
B) NIBRS
C) NCVS
D) UCR, NIBRS, and NCVS
E) none of these choices

Question 18

A frequently used source of information about crime statistics is

A) the media.
B) official government statistics.
C) self-reporting surveys.
D) the media, official government statistics, and self-reporting surveys.
E) none of these choices.

Question 19

Part I crimes of the UCR include all except

A) second-degree murder.
B) sexual assault.
C) embezzlement.
D) auto theft.
E) arson.

Question 20

Status offenses include

A) absence from home.
B) truancy.
C) drinking alcoholic beverages.
D) none of these choices.
E) absence from home, truancy, and drinking alcoholic beverages.

Question 21

One motive for auto theft is joyriding.

Question 22

The NIBRS holds the unique position of being the "sole national source of official law enforcement statistics."

Question 23

All states compensate crime victims for medical expenses, mental health counseling, and lost wages.

Question 24

White-collar crime is

A) occupational related.
B) business related.
C) found in both Part I and Part II Index Crime categories.
D) all of these choices.

Question 25

The NIBRS is a more comprehensive, detailed reporting system than the UCR.

Question 26

NCVS crime rates are determined on a per household basis.

Question 27

Identity theft is one of this country's fastest growing crimes.

Question 28

Spoofing is rising and is often linked to organized crime groups.

Question 29

The factor that most frequently motivates hate crime is

A) gender.
B) disability.
C) religion.
D) race.
E) sexual orientation.

Question 30

Almost all computer crimes are eventually prosecuted.

Question 31

One way that larceny-theft differs from robbery is that it does not involve force, threat of force, or violence.

Question 32

Embezzlement is a type of theft.

Question 33

According to the text, self-report surveys are very reliable and are considered the best form of crime data collection.

Question 34

Phishing is a form of Internet fraud.

Question 35

Bias crimes are motivated by

A) hatred.
B) bigotry.
C) ignorance.
D) hatred, bigotry, and ignorance.
E) none of these choices.

Question 36

Which of the following characteristics is used to identify people most vulnerable to being victimized by crime?

A) gender
B) age
C) race
D) marital status
E) all of these

Question 37

White-collar crime includes credit card and check fraud as well as identity theft.

Question 38

Individuals directly affected by an incident, such as the person who is robbed, burglarized, or raped are

A) secondary victims
B) victim-offenders
C) known victims
D) primary victims
E) indirect victims

Question 39

Xenophobia is

A) the fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners.
B) the fear of being attacked by skinheads.
C) foreigners' fear of becoming a victim in the United States.
D) an unlawful act committed during a ceremony related to a belief system.
E) fear of being sacrificed during a ritual.

Question 40

In 2009 there were approximately how many hate groups according to the Southern Poverty Law Center?

A) 354
B) 585
C) 932
D) 287

Question 41

Outline and discuss the often problematic relationship between crime victims and the criminal justice system.

Question 42

includes killing in self-defense or in the defense of another person.

Question 43

The ______________________________________________________ (NCIC) instituted a program called the____________(UCR), and the annual publication of this program is entitled Crime in the United States.

Question 44

Discuss which groups of people are most likely and which groups are least likely to become victims of crime and why this is the case.

Question 45

Critical Thinking Question
When were self-report surveys introduced into criminology? Why were they introduced? Why do you think self-report surveys tend to produce a higher incidence of criminal offending than official records? What are some important self-report surveys conducted with school-age youths? What are some challenges associated with self-report surveys?

Question 46

Identify and discuss what leads people to commit crime.

Question 47

Police officers cannot be considered victims in court.

Question 48

Since the fall of communism, ROC is not as extensively involved in a variety of frauds and scams.

Question 49

List and discuss the methods of crime data collection. Decide which is the best form of data collection and justify your answer.

Question 50

According to the text, the preferred weapon of most robbers is the____________ .

Question 51

Manslaughter is differentiated from murder in that the element of____________ is absent.

Question 52

was designed to replace the UCR.

Question 53

Critical Thinking Question
What are two of the most frequently consulted official sources, and what types of data does each collect? What shortcoming(s) or challenge(s) have been identified with each source?

Question 54

A form of robbery is____________ , the taking of a motor vehicle by force or threat of force.

Question 55

is the unlawful attack by one person on another to inflict severe bodily injury.

Question 56

victims of crime and criminals are all the other members of the community who may be threatened or fearful as a result of the commission of crime.

Question 57

Computer crime is also known as____________  .

Question 58

Critical Thinking Question
How does the FBI classify major crimes? Discuss the following:
a. What is murder, and what are the generally recognized levels?
b. What is assault? What is the distinction between assault and battery?
c. What is rape? What is statutory rape?
d. What are the four major crimes against property? Provide a brief description of each.

Question 59

In 1965,____________ established the first crime victim compensation program.

Question 60

Compare and contrast the classical and positivist theories of crime causation. Which, if either, theory do you think receives greater support from the criminal justice profession? From the community at large? Defend your answer.

Question 61

Critical Thinking Question
What is identity theft? What section of the FBI handles identity theft? How is identity theft both a high-tech and low-tech crime? How can identity theft have a devastating impact on individuals?

Question 62

Critical Thinking Question
Discuss the following theories of criminality and causes of crime:
a. Classical theory
b. Positivist theory
c. Rational choice theory (include a brief description of lifestyle and routine activities theories)
d. Biosocial perspective theory (include a brief description of neuroandrogenic and biological/genetic theories)
e. Psychological theory (include a brief description of personality, cognitive, and general strain theories)
f. Social structure theory (include a brief description of social disorganization and institutional anomie theories)