Deck 14: Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

Question 1

Using specific examples, explain what role private investment and initiative played in European expansion. What was the role did state sponsorship and patronage?

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

What factors account for Britain's success in dominating India during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? How were the British able both to edge out European rivals and to control the Mughals?

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

What correlation is there between overseas expansion and economic, social, and political development in Europe?

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

Talk about:
lateen sails and square rigs

Question 5

In what ways did European expansion and commercialism alter the socioeconomic hierarchy, and how did they challenge older values and structures of authority? Did those alterations impact all of Europe in the same way?

Question 6

Talk about:
"God, glory, and gold"

Question 7

Why did the slave trade come to rely on the peoples of West Africa, and what were the consequences for all parties involved?

Question 8

What were the principle doctrines of mercantilism, and how do they differ from those of capitalism?

Question 9

Talk about:
portolani

Question 10

Talk about:
compass and astrolabe

Question 11

What role did religion play as a motivation in the age of discovery? Was it as important a motive as economics? Give examples.

Question 12

What was "exchanged" in the Columbian exchange, and who gained the most?

Question 13

What was the nature of the relationship between Japan and Europe from 1600 to approximately 1850?

Question 14

Given its relatively small population and lack of obvious resources, why was the Dutch Republic so successful in establishing a profitable overseas empire?

Question 15

Talk about:
The Travels of John Mandeville

Question 16

Talk about:
Prester John

Question 17

How and why did Portugal and Spain acquire overseas empires? Compare and contrast their motivations and methods for exploration and expansion.

Question 18

How would you characterize the indigenous empires present in the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans? What were their strengths, and what were their weaknesses?

Question 19

Talk about:
Ptolemy's Geography

Question 20

Talk about:
Marco Polo

Question 21

Talk about:
the Inca and Pachakuti

Question 22

Talk about:
Prince Henry the Navigator

Question 23

Talk about:
Bartholomeu Dias

Question 24

Talk about:
Christopher Columbus

Question 25

Talk about:
Spice Islands

Question 26

Talk about:
the Gold Coast

Question 27

Talk about:
Afonso de Albuquerque

Question 28

Talk about:
Malacca

Question 29

Talk about:
Vasco Nuñez de Balboa

Question 30

Talk about:
Hernán Cortés and Moctezuma

Question 31

Talk about:
encomienda

Question 32

Talk about:
Ferdinand Magellan

Question 33

Talk about:
Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 34

Talk about:
the viceroy and audiencias

Question 35

Talk about:
Francisco Pizarro

Question 36

Talk about:
conquistadors

Question 37

Talk about:
the Aztecs and Tenochtitlán

Question 38

Talk about:
Boers and Capetown

Question 39

Talk about:
Vasco da Gama and Calicut

Question 40

Talk about:
John Cabot

Question 41

Talk about:
Tokugawa shoguns

Question 42

Talk about:
Nagasaki and the Dutch

Question 43

Talk about:
the asiento

Question 44

Talk about:
inflation

Question 45

Talk about:
"sugar factories"

Question 46

Talk about:
Ming and Qing dynasties

Question 47

Talk about:
slave trade and the Middle Passage

Question 48

Talk about:
"Black Hole of Calcutta"

Question 49

Talk about:
Lord Macartney and Emperor Qianlong

Question 50

Talk about:
Batavia

Question 51

Talk about:
Samuel de Champlain

Question 52

Talk about:
Gerardus Mercator

Question 53

Talk about:
mestizos and mulattoes

Question 54

Talk about:
Mughal Empire

Question 55

Talk about:
the triangular trade

Question 56

Talk about:
British East India Company

Question 57

Talk about:
Dutch East India Company

Question 58

Talk about:
Robert Clive

Question 59

Talk about:
the Columbian Exchange

Question 60

Talk about:
Britain's Navigation Acts

Question 61

The Treaty of Tordesillas divided

A) the Spice Islands between Portugal and the Dutch Republic.
B) South Africa between the English and the Dutch.
C) the New World between Spain and Portugal.
D) the North Atlantic between England and France.
E) the South Pacific between Spain and the Dutch Republic.

Question 62

John Cabot explored the New England coastline under a license from the king of

A) France.
B) Venice.
C) Spain.
D) Portugal.
E) England.

Question 63

The Mesoamerica civilization which existed at the time of European exploration was the

A) Maya.
B) Inca.
C) Toltec.
D) Aztec.
E) Zapotec.

Question 64

All of the following were new navigational techniques and knowledge that spurred European exploration and expansion except

A) lateen sails.
B) the compass.
C) the quadrant and the Pole Star.
D) the astrolabe.
E) the axial rudder.

Question 65

The development of a Portuguese maritime empire encompassing Malacca and the Malay Peninsula was achieved, in part, through

A) ruthless and murderous attacks on Arab settlers in the region.
B) the negotiation of four commercial treaties with Arab traders.
C) the use of African warriors to defeat the local residents.
D) massive bribery to local Arab overlords.
E) peaceful diplomacy between Portuguese and Arab ambassadors.

Question 66

Spanish expansion and exploration of the New World was best exemplified by

A) the first circumnavigation of the globe by Amerigo Vespucci.
B) the conquest of the Aztec Empire by Cortés.
C) the conquest of Mayan civilization by Magellan.
D) Pizarro's rounding of the tip of South America in 1519.
E) Cabot's search for the Northwest Passage.

Question 67

The primary motive for European exploration during the Renaissance was

A) social, to relieve the population pressure on Europe.
B) religious, to spread the Gospel.
C) psychological, the quest for new experiences to transform a dull existence.
D) military, to provide new bases for an army.
E) economic, the desire for precious metals and new areas for trade.

Question 68

The first known circumnavigation of the earth is associated with

A) Amerigo Vespucci.
B) Ferdinand Magellan.
C) John Cabot.
D) Christopher Columbus.
E) Vasco da Gama.

Question 69

The religious crusading motive for exploration was strongest in

A) Spain and Portugal.
B) Florence and Venice.
C) the Byzantine Empire.
D) England and Scotland.
E) France and the Low Countries.

Question 70

The term encomienda refers to

A) a Spanish system devised to collect tribute from natives and to use their labor.
B) Spanish officials who supervised local industries.
C) taxes levied on the colonists by the Spanish government.
D) special Jesuit missionaries assigned to posts in the New World .
E) mission schools set up to educate the Indians.

Question 71

In the 1440s, among the first profits the Portuguese derived from their maritime exploration and returning ships came from

A) silver.
B) copper.
C) pepper.
D) precious stones.
E) African slaves.

Question 72

The man who established the first school for mariners was

A) King Henry II of France.
B) Prince Henry of Portugal.
C) King Henry VIII of England.
D) Prince Henry of Orange in the Netherlands.
E) Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI.

Question 73

Talk about:
mercantilism

Question 74

Talk about:
joint-stock trading companies

Question 75

The European disease that ravaged the Aztecs and Inca was

A) syphilis.
B) hemorrhagic fever.
C) smallpox.
D) influenza.
E) gout.

Question 76

Portugal became the early leader in European expansion through its contacts with all of the following except

A) India.
B) Newfoundland.
C) Bakongo.
D) Malacca.
E) the Spice Islands.

Question 77

Talk about:
price revolution

Question 78

The Italian merchant whose tales of the court of Kublai Khan popularized China in Europe was

A) Christopher Columbus.
B) Amerigo Vespucci.
C) Marco Polo.
D) Leonardo Bruni.
E) John Mandeville.

Question 79

Talk about:
House of Fugger

Question 80

The sea captain who first made a sea voyage directly from Europe to India was

A) Bartholomeu Dias.
B) Ferdinand Magellan.
C) Francis Drake.
D) Vasco da Gama.
E) Amerigo Vespucci.