Deck 3: Atoms and Elements

Question 1

Which of these is the correct chemical symbol for potassium?

A) K
B) Po
C) P
D) Pd
E) Pt

Answer 1

K

Question 2

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust by mass is _____.

A) hydrogen
B) carbon
C) oxygen
D) silicon
E) nitrogen

Answer 2

oxygen

Question 3

A certain ion contains 47 protons and 46 electrons. The ion is _____.

A) Pd⁺
B) Pd ⁻
C) Ag⁺
D) Ag ⁻
E) Cd²⁺

Answer 3

Ag⁺

Question 4

Which of these is the correct chemical symbol for cobalt?

A) C
B) Cl
C) Co
D) Ca
E) Ce

Question 5

Determine the correct number of protons and electrons in F ⁻ .

A) 9 protons and 10 electrons
B) 9 protons  and  11 electrons
C) 10 protons  and  9 electrons
D) 11 protons  and  10 electrons
E) 19 protons  and  20 electrons

Question 6

When a strontium atom loses two electrons, it becomes a(n) _____ with a charge of _____.

A) anion; 2⁺
B) anion; 2 ⁻
C) cation; 2 ⁻
D) cation; 2⁺
E) cation; 0

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of an atom that has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 41?

A) The atom contains 22 neutrons.
B) The atom is potassium.
C) The atom contains 19 neutrons.
D) The atom contains 19 electrons.
E) The atom contains 19 protons.

Question 8

How many electrons are there in ¹⁵ N ^{3 −} ?

A) 15
B) 18
C) 12
D) 4
E) 10

Question 9

Which of these is the correct chemical symbol for carbon?

A) C
B) Ca
C) Cl
D) Cb
E) Co

Question 10

Which of these statements about an atom is incorrect ?

A) The number of protons equals the number of electrons.
B) The number of protons equals the atomic number.
C) The number of protons always equals the number of neutrons.
D) The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom.
E) The mass number minus the atomic number equals the number of neutrons in the atom.

Question 11

When an oxygen atom gains two electrons, it becomes a(n) _____ with a charge of _____.

A) anion; 2⁺
B) anion ; 2 ⁻
C) cation; 2 ⁻
D) cation; 2⁺
E) cation; 0

Question 12

The mass of which of the following is the least?

A) A proton
B) A neutron
C) An electron
D) A hydrogen atom
E) A hydrogen nucleus

Question 13

Which of these statements about atoms is incorrect ?

A) Atoms are the smallest visible particles of an element.
B) Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
C) Atoms are the building blocks of all matter.
D) The smallest identifiable unit of an element is the atom.
E) There are 91 different naturally occurring atoms.

Question 14

Nonmetals tend to _____ electrons to form _____ ions.

A) lose; negative
B) lose; positive
C) gain; positive
D) gain; negative
E) gain; neutral

Question 15

Which of these particles has a negative charge?

A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Nucleus
E) Cation

Question 16

What is the charge on an ion that contains 16 protons and 18 electrons?

A) 0
B) +2
C) − 2
D) -18
E) None of these.

Question 17

Determine the correct number of protons and electrons in P ^{3 −} .

A) 3 protons and 6 electrons
B) 15 protons  and  18 electrons
C) 15 protons  and  12 electrons
D) 31 protons  and  28 electrons
E) 31 protons  and  34 electrons

Question 18

Which of the following statements about electrons is incorrect ?

A) Electrons are negatively charged.
B) Electrons have a negligible mass compared to the rest of the atom.
C) Electrons exist in the nucleus of the atom.
D) The number of electrons equals the atomic number in a neutral atom.
E) Electrons experience a strong attraction to a positively charged nucleus.

Question 19

The number of protons in a neutral atom is equal to the _____ of the atom.

A) mass
B) atomic weight
C) atomic number
D) mass number
E) valence electron number

Question 20

Metals tend to _____ electrons to form ions of _____ charge.

A) lose; negative
B) lose; positive
C) gain; positive
D) gain; negative
E) gain; neutral

Question 21

What are the values of Z and A for an atom of silicon that contains 15 neutrons?

A) Z=14, A=15
B) Z=15, A=14
C) Z=29, A=14
D) Z=14, A=29
E) Z=15, A=29

Question 22

Radon - 222 has _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons.

A) 86; 86; 86
B) 86; 222; 86
C) 86; 136; 86
D) 86; 136; 222
E) 86; 222; 308

Question 23

Which of these statements best describes the formation of a cation?

A) An atom loses one or more electrons and becomes positively charged.
B) An atom loses one or more electrons and becomes negatively charged.
C) An atom gains one or more electrons and becomes positively charged.
D) An atom gains one or more electrons and becomes negatively charged.
E) An atom loses one or more electrons and becomes electrically neutral.

Question 24

Which scientist is responsible for the organization of the modern periodic table?

A) Bohr
B) Galileo
C) Dalton
D) Avogadro
E) Mendeleev

Question 25

Copper has two naturally occurring isotopes. Cu-63 has a mass of 62.939 amu and Cu-65 has a mass of 64.928 amu. Based on the atomic mass of copper, which isotope has a higher fractional abundance?

A) Cu-63
B) Cu-65
C) Cu-63 and Cu-65 have equal fractional abundances.
D) Insufficient data
E) Fractional abundance is independent of isotopes.

Question 26

Carbon has three isotopes: ¹² C, ¹³ C, and ¹⁴ C. If the atomic number of carbon is 6, t hese  isotopes each have _____, _____, and _____ neutrons, respectively.

A) 6; 7; 8
B) 6; 7; 8.0
C) 12; 13; 14
D) 12.0; 13; 14
E) 24; 25; 26

Question 27

Isotopes of an element have the same number of _____ but a different number of _____.

A) neutrons; protons
B) electrons; protons
C) protons; neutrons
D) neutrons; electrons
E) protons; electrons

Question 28

The Ca²⁺ ion contains _____ protons and _____ electrons.

A) 20; 20
B) 20; 22
C) 22; 20
D) 18; 20
E) 20; 18

Question 29

Neon has three isotopes. Assuming the mass of each isotope to be very close to its respective mass number, which isotope is the most abundant based on the atomic mass of neon (Ne)?

A) Ne-20
B) Ne-21
C) Ne-22
D) The question lacks sufficient data.
E) The abundance of an isotope is independent of the mass number of neon.

Question 30

Mendeleev organized the elements of the periodic table in order of increasing _____.

A) atomic number
B) atomic mass
C) number of electrons
D) number of isotopes
E) number of neutrons

Question 31

Metals tend to form ions with a positive charge. The most likely way to form a positively charged ion from an atom is by doing which of the following?

A) Gaining electron(s)
B) Gaining proton(s)
C) Losing electron(s)
D) Losing proton(s)
E) Losing neutron(s)

Question 32

How many protons, electrons, and neutrons   are in an ²⁵ Mg ²⁺ ion?

A) 12 protons, 12 electrons, and 13 neutrons
B) 12 protons, 10 electrons, and 12 neutrons
C) 13 protons, 10 electrons, and 12 neutrons
D) 12 protons, 10 electrons, and 13 neutrons
E) 12 protons, 14 electrons, and 13 neutrons

Question 33

Which of these is the correct representation for the ion with Z = 27, A = 60, and C = 2 ⁺ ?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 34

Rubidium consists of two naturally occurring isotopes rubidium-85 and rubidium-87. Rubidium-85 (⁸⁵Rb) has an isotopic mass of 84.9117 amu and a 72.15% abundance. Rubidium-87(⁸⁷Rb) has a 27.85% abundance. The atomic weight of rubidium is 85.4768 amu. Determine the isotopic mass of ⁸⁷Rb?

A) 86. 7237  amu
B) 86.8013 amu
C) 86.8220 amu
D) 86.8621 amu
E) 86.9411 amu

Question 35

The Cl ⁻ ion contains _____ protons and _____ electrons.

A) 17; 17
B) 17; 18
C) 18; 16
D) 18; 18
E) 16; 17

Question 36

Chlorine has two isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl, whose respective abundances are 75.77% and 24.23% and masses are 34.9688 amu and 36.9659 amu. Calculate the atomic mass of chlorine.

A) 37.54 amu
B) 36.65 amu
C) 35.45 amu
D) 34.97 amu
E) 36.97 amu

Question 37

An element has two naturally occurring isotopes. One has an abundance of 37.4% and an isotopic mass of 184.953 amu. The other has an abundance of 62.6% and an isotopic mass  of 186.956 amu. What is the atomic weight of the element?

A) 185.702 amu
B) 185.954 amu
C) 186.207 amu
D) 186.956 amu
E) 190.234 amu

Question 38

What are the Z and A values for an atom of krypton that contains 46 neutrons?

A) Z=36, A=46
B) Z=46, A=36
C) Z=36, A=82
D) Z=82, A=36
E) Z=82, A=46

Question 39

How many protons (p), neutrons (n), and electrons (e) are in an atom of ²³⁵U?

A) 92 p, 146 n, 92 e
B) 92 p, 143 n, 92 e
C) 92 p, 92 n, 146 e
D) 92 p, 92 n, 92 e
E) 92 p, 51 n, 92 e

Question 40

Which of these statements best describes the formation of an anion?

A) An atom loses one or more electrons and becomes positively charged.
B) An atom loses one or more electrons and becomes negatively charged.
C) An atom gains one or more electrons and becomes positively charged.
D) An atom gains one or more electrons and becomes negatively charged.
E) An atom gains one or more electrons and becomes electrically neutral.

Question 41

Which of these elements is a metalloid?

A) Ge
B) Br
C) Ar
D) Ca
E) Fe

Question 42

Which of these statements concerning the atomic mass is correct?

A) The a tomic mass is the same as the mass number of the most common isotope.
B) The atomic mass is derived from the weight of the most common isotope of an element.
C) The atomic mass is determined by adding the masses of the protons, electrons, and neutrons in the atom.
D) The atomic mass is calculated from the atomic masses of the two most common isotopes.
E) The atomic mass is a weighted average of the masses of the naturally occurring isotopes.

Question 43

Which of the following elements is generally not found in the diatomic form in nature?

A) C
B) N
C) O
D) F
E) H

Question 44

Which of these elements has seven valence electrons?

A) Mg
B) Li
C) Al
D) S
E) Cl

Question 45

Which of the following is true?

A) Argon and chlorine have the same number of electrons.
B) Argon and chlorine have the same number of valence electrons.
C) Argon and neon have the same number of electrons.
D) Argon and neon have the same number of valence electrons.
E) Argon and helium have the same number of electrons.

Question 46

Which of these elements is a metal?

A) Mg
B) Br
C) Ar
D) Ge
E) B

Question 47

Which of these is a nonmetal?

A) Mg
B) Br
C) Cu
D) Ge
E) Li

Question 48

Elements belonging to the same group have the same _____.

A) mass number
B) atomic number
C) number of neutrons
D) number of electrons
E) number of valence electrons

Question 49

Which of these elements has three valence electrons?

A) Mg
B) Li
C) Al
D) S
E) Cl

Question 50

The elements Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs are the members of which group/family?

A) Halogens
B) Noble gases
C) Alkali metals
D) Transition metals
E) Alkaline earth metals

Question 51

What is the total number of electrons that can occupy the first and second principal energy levels ( n =1, n =2)?

A) 2
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
E) 18

Question 52

Which scientist is responsible for the theory that explains why properties of elements recur in a periodic fashion?

A) Bohr
B) Galileo
C) Dalton
D) Avogadro
E) Mendeleev

Question 53

Which of the following is true?

A) Carbon and silicon have the same number of electrons.
B) Carbon and silicon have the same number of valence electrons.
C) Carbon and oxygen have the same number of electrons.
D) Carbon and nitrogen have the same number of valence electrons.
E) Carbon and aluminum have the same number of valence electrons.

Question 54

He has the same number of valence electrons as _____.

A) H
B) Ne
C) F
D) Na

Question 55

The elements of the group 1 A will all form ions. These ions will be _____ and will have a charge of _____.

A) cations; 2+
B) anions; 2 −
C) cations; 3+
D) anions; 1 −
E) cations; 1+

Question 56

Which of the following elements is not a nonmetal?

A) P
B) I
C) N
D) K
E) Cl

Question 57

The elements of the group 7A will all form ions. These ions will be _____ and will have a charge of _____.

A) cations; 2+
B) anions; 2 −
C) cations; 3+
D) anions; 1 −
E) cations; 1+

Question 58

Which of these statements about Bohr's model of the atom is incorrect ?

A) Electrons fill lower energy orbits first.
B) The greater the quantum number the higher the energy of an orbit.
C) Electrons occupy orbits with certain radii that correspond to discrete energies.
D) Elements with the same number of electrons in their outer orbit undergo similar chemical reactions.
E) Electrons in the innermost energy orbit are called valence electrons.

Question 59

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the orbit n =2?

A) 2
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
E) 18

Question 60

Which of these elements has two valence electrons?

A) Mg
B) Li
C) Al
D) S
E) Cl

Question 61

Determine the mass in grams of 1.15 × 10²³ atoms of cobalt.

A) 0.191 grams
B) 5.23 grams
C) 11.2 grams
D) 12.4 grams
E) 308 grams

Question 62

What is the correct number of atoms in one mole of neon?

A) 10
B) 3.011 x 10²³
C) 6.022 × 10²³
D) 20
E) 12

Question 63

Determine the number of atoms in a copper strip that has a mass of 35.0 grams.

A) 3.33 × 10²⁵ atoms
B) 2.11 × 10²⁵ atoms
C) 2.71 × 10²⁰ atoms
D) 3.32 × 10²³ atoms
E) 0.551 atoms

Question 64

Which of these elements is not a transition metal?

A) Cu
B) Fe
C) Na
D) Ag
E) Hg

Question 65

Calculate the number of moles in a 25.0 g sample of carbon.

A) 2.08 moles
B) 13.0 moles
C) 300 moles
D) 1.51 × 10²⁵ moles
E) 3.33 × 10^{- 3} moles

Question 66

Which of the following is true?

A) Oxygen and sulfur are in the same group.
B) Oxygen and sulfur are in different groups.
C) Oxygen and sulfur are in the same period.
D) Oxygen and fluorine are in different periods.
E) Oxygen and nitrogen are in the same group .

Question 67

Calculate the number of moles in a 2.98 g sample of aluminum.

A) 0.0124 moles
B) 0.110 moles
C) 80.4 moles
D) 1.79 × 10²⁴ moles
E) 1.62 × 10²⁵ moles

Question 68

Calculate the number of moles of lead in a 442-gram lead anvil.

A) 0.468 moles
B) 2.13 moles
C) 96.97 moles
D) 6.022 × 10²³ moles
E) 1.28 × 10²⁴ moles

Question 69

Bromine is a member of which group/family?

A) Halogens
B) Noble gases
C) Alkali metals
D) Transition metals
E) Alkaline earth metals

Question 70

Determine the mass in grams of one molecule of water, H₂O.

A) 2.99 × 10 ^{− 23} g
B) 1.08 × 10²⁵ g
C) 10 grams
D) 18 grams
E) None of these.

Question 71

One mole of nickel (Ni) has a mass of _____.

A) 28 amu
B) 28 g
C) 58.71 amu
D) 58.71 g
E) 30.71 g

Question 72

Which of these groups is incorrectly matched with its group/family name?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 73

How many atoms does one mole of aluminum contain?

A) 12
B) 26.98
C) 6.022 × 10²³
D) 12.044 x 10²³
E) 14

Question 74

The atomic mass of fluorine (F) is 19.00. Which of the following is not true?

A) An atom of F has a mass of 19.00 amu.
B) One mole of F has a mass of 19.00 g.
C) The mass of 6.02 x 1023 atoms of F is 19.00 g.
D) The mass of 6.02 x 10 ²³ atoms of F is 19.00 amu.
E) The approximate total number of protons and neutrons in fluorine is 19.

Question 75

Strontium is a member of which group/family?

A) Halogens
B) Noble gases
C) Alkali metals
D) Transition metals
E) Alkaline earth metals

Question 76

Calculate the number of moles in a 233-gram sample of barium.

A) 0.589 moles
B) 1.70 moles
C) 3.20 × 10⁴
D) 6.022 × 10²³ moles
E) 1.02 × 10²⁴ moles

Question 77

Determine the mass of one mole of silver.

A) 107.87 amu
B) 107.87 g
C) 47 amu
D) 47 g
E) 6.022 × 10²³ amu

Question 78

Determine the number of atoms in a piece of silicon that has a mass of 15.0 grams.

A) 1.13 × 10²⁴ atoms
B) 1.69 × 10²⁵ atoms
C) 2.54 × 10²⁰ atoms
D) 3.21 × 10²³ atoms
E) 9.03 × 10²⁴ atoms

Question 79

Which family/group is largely unreactive?

A) Halogens
B) Noble gases
C) Alkali metals
D) Transition metals
E) Alkaline earth metals

Question 80

Determine the mass in grams of 3.45 × 10²⁵ molecules of oxygen, O_2.

A) 0.556 grams
B) 57.2 grams
C) 458 grams
D) 916 grams
E) 1.83 × 10³ grams